Model • Topologi Jaringan • IP address & subnet • Protocol TCP & UDP • Mengetahui berbagai macam dan jumlah Port (<1024) • DNS (A, CNAMES record, etc) • DHCP, Routing, Firewall, NAT, HTTP(S), FTP, SMTP, etc • Network tools : ping, nmap, traceroute, netstat, telnet, iptables, etc • Password policies, secrets management, vulnerability scanning • Open ports • Firewall • Logging