Smart Contract Development with Solidity: A beginner's guide

Smart Contract Development with Solidity: A beginner's guide.

Code Africa Conference(Online), November 2023

Transcript

1. Smart Contract Development with Solidity: A beginner's guide Code Africa Conference November 2023
2. Idris Olubisi Developer Advocate, Axelar @olanetsoft
3. What will you learn in this talk? • Introduction to blockchain • What is a smart contract and why use solidity? • Solidity basics and syntax • Development tools and testing • Best practices and security considerations • Building, compiling and deploying smart contracts
4. Do you have any idea what Blockchain is ?
5. What is a Blockchain? A blockchain is a digital ledger of transactions, duplicated and distributed across a network of computer systems.
6. Blockchain == Smart Contract ?
8. "From 1989 to 2001, there were almost no legitimate winners of the high-value game pieces in the McDonald’s Monopoly game" FBI Special Agent Doug Mathews
9. Smart Contract
10. What is a Smart Contract? A smart contract is a self-executing contract with the terms of the agreement between buyer and seller being directly written into lines of code and can be deployed on the blockchain.
11. Blockchain != Smart Contract
12. Solidity: Basics and Syntax
13. Variables in Solidity // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.0; contract Example { int public count; // Integer variable bool public isActive; // Boolean variable address public userAddress; // Address variable }
14. Functions in Solidity contract Example { uint private storedData; function set(uint x) public { storedData = x; } function get() public view returns (uint) { return storedData; } }
15. Data Types in Solidity contract DataTypes { bool public isTrue = false; uint public num = 123; address public userAddress; struct Person { uint id; string name; } Person public person = Person(1, "Alice"); }
16. Basic Structure of a Solidity Contract // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.0; contract SimpleContract { uint public count; function setCount(uint _count) public { count = _count; } function incrementCount() public { count += 1; } }
17. Development Tools and Testing
18. Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) • Remix • Chain IDE • Visual Studio Code
19. Development Frameworks • Hardhat • Foundry • Truffle Suite
20. Blockchain Networks • Testnet • Mainnet
21. Automated Testing • Truffle, Foundry and Hardhat offer frameworks for writing and running automated tests • Mocha and Chai can be used in conjunction with these frameworks for more advanced testing
22. Automated Testing: Type of Test • Unit tests for individual functions • Integration tests for contract interactions • Fuzz test
23. Programming Languages for writing Smart Contracts
24. Programming Languages for writing Smart Contracts • Solidity • Rust • Vyper • Cadence • Cargo
25. Security and Best Practices
26. Security and Best Practices Common vulnerabilities • Re-entrancy • Integer overflows/underflows • Access control issues • Unsafe external calls • Front-running • Denial of service
27. Security and Best Practices Best practices • Use tested libraries and frameworks • Keep contracts simple • Add revert conditions • Validate inputs and outputs • Adhere to check-effects-interactions pattern • Extensive testing
28. Security and Best Practices Avoiding mainnet deployments • Use Remix to deploy initially • Deploy to testnets first • Run through multiple test cases • Upgradeability best for mainnet
29. Resources and Communities • Solidity docs • OpenZeppelin contracts • 32 hrs course by Patrick Collins • LearnWeb3.io • Alchemy University
30. Communities • Developer DAO • Web3 Afrika • Web3Bridge • LearnWeb3 • Web3 Ladies
31. I’m rooting for you!
32. Thank You! @olanetsoft