第1回 Webアプリケーション基礎講座 / first-webapp-tutorial-seminar

ୈ̍ճ 8FCΞϓϦέʔγϣϯجૅߨ࠲ ͋͋ͨ͘Μ޻๪ http://www.google.com/

ࠓ೔͸̍೔ ΑΖ͓͘͠ئ͍͠·͢ !2

ࣗݾ঺հλΠϜ !3

΀ΓΜΆΑ !QVEEJOH@JOGP %KBOHPྺ೥൒͘Β͍ ॳ৺ऀͳͷͰԥΒͳ͍Ͱ !4

ΞδΣϯμ !5 d 8FCΞϓϦͬͯԿʁ d 8FCΞϓϦͷ࢓૊Έ d 8FCΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ d .7$
d ٳܜ d 1ZUIPOͷ෮श d %KBOHPνϡʔτϦΞϧ ٳܜʢద౓ʹʣ ࠲ֶ ԋश

8FCΞϓϦͬͯԿʁ !6

8FCαΠτ !7

˔ )5.- ˓ ߏ଄Λ࡞Δ ˔ $44 ˓ ݟͨ໨Λ͍͡Δ ˔ +BWBTDSJQU
˓ ಈ͖Λ෇͚Δ 8FCαΠτͷιʔείʔυ !8

8FCαΠτΛӾཡ͢Δ·Ͱ !9

8FCΞϓϦͬͯԿʁ !10

˔ ୯ͳΔ)5.-ɾ$44Λฦ͚ͩ͢ˠ੩తαΠτ ˓ ϢʔβʹԠͨ͡ίϯςϯπͷมԽ͕΄΅ͳ͍ ˔ +BWBTDSJQUͰಈ͓͘໰͍߹ΘͤϑΥʔϜ͕͋Δ ˠʁʁʁ ˔ +BWBTDSJQU $BOWBTͰ͓ֆ͔͖Ͱ͖Δˠʁʁʁ
˔ αʔόʔଆͰಈతʹIUNM͕ੜ੒͞ΕΔˠʁʁʁ ˔ +BWBTDSJQU͕֎෦ͷ"1*αʔόͱ࿈ܞͯ͠දࣔΛ ม͑Δˠʁʁʁ ੩తαΠτͱ8FCΞϓϦ !11

˔ 8FCϒϥ΢β্Ͱಈ࡞͠ɼ)551௨৴Λհͯ͠αʔ όͱϢʔβ͕ΠϯλϥΫςΟϒͳ΍ΓͱΓΛߦ͏ ˓ ͜͜Ͱͷಠࣗఆٛͱ͢Δ ˓ ਖ਼௚ʮ8FCΞϓϦʯͱ͍͏ׅΓ͸͋·Γʹ؇͍ ˔ ௨৴Λߦ͏ํ๏͸໰Θͳ͍ ˓
+BWBTDSJQUͰඇಉظʹߦͬͯ΋ɼϢʔβʹΑΔϦϯΫ ͷΫϦοΫ΍ϑΥʔϜͷ1045Ͱ΋Α͍ ͜͜Ͱͷ8FCΞϓϦͷఆٛ !12

˔ ωΠςΟϒΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ ˓ 7JTVBM4UVEJPɼ1Z$IBSNɼ$ISPNFͳͲ ˓ ͦͷϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ্Ͱ௚઀ಈ࡞͢ΔΞϓϦ ˔ 8FCΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ ˓ (NBJMɼ(JUIVCɼESBXJPͳͲ
˓ ϒϥ΢β্Ͱಈ࡞͢ΔΞϓϦ ˔ ϋΠϒϦουΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ ˓ 74$PEFɼ(JULSBLFOɼ4MBDLͳͲ ˓ ϒϥ΢βΛ಺ଂ͠ωΠςΟϒΞϓϦͷΑ͏ʹ  ಈ࡞͢ΔΞϓϦ ˔ ϓϩάϨογϒ΢ΣϒΞοϓʢ18"ʣͳͲʜ ৭ʑͳΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ !13 http://www.google.com/

http://www.google.com/ ͳΜͰ΋8FCΞϓϦʹ͢Ε͹ ྑ͍Θ͚Ͱ͸ͳ͍ ˔ ϒϥ΢β͕ಈ͘σόΠεͳΒ࢖͑Δ ˓ ಈ࡞͢ΔσόΠε͕ଟ͍ରԠͰ͖Δސ٬͕ଟ͍ ˔ ϝϯςφϯε͕༰қ ˓
ϢʔβͷΠϯετʔϧΛඞཁͱ͠ͳ͍ͨΊ 8FCΞϓϦʹ͢Δͷ͸ͳͥʁ !14

˔ ߴ଎ͳϨεϙϯε ˓ ωΠςΟϒΞϓϦͱൺֱͯ͠஗͍ ˓ Πϯλʔωοτ઀ଓ଎౓ʹࠨӈ͞ΕΔ ˔ ΦϑϥΠϯͰͷ࢖༻ ˓ Πϯλʔωοτʹ઀ଓ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ͱ࢖͑ͳ͍
˔ ϋοΧʔ͔Βͷಀආ ˓ ߈ܸ͞Ε΍͘͢ɼߴ౓ͳηΩϡϦςΟ͕ٻΊΒΕΔ 8FCΞϓϦʹͰ͖ͳ͍͜ͱ !15

༻๏༻ྔΛकͬͯ  ਖ਼͓͘͠࢖͍͍ͩ͘͞ !16

8FCΞϓϦͷ࢓૊Έ !17

˔ αʔόʔଆͰ)5.-Λੜ੒͢ΔλΠϓ ˓ Ұൠతͳ8FCΞϓϦ ˓ +BWBɼ1)1ɼ3VCZɼ1ZUIPO౳Ͱॻ͔ΕΔ͜ͱ͕ଟ͍ ˔ ΫϥΠΞϯτଆͰ)5.-Λੜ੒͢ΔλΠϓ ˓ ผͰ"1*αʔό౳Λཱͯɼ+BWBTDSJQU౳Λ༻͍ͯ௨৴͠ɼ
Ϣʔβͷϒϥ΢β্Ͱ)5.-Λੜ੒͢Δ ˓ 3FBDUKTͳͲ ˔ ϋΠϒϦουλΠϓ ˓ αʔόʔଆͰ)5.-Λੜ੒͠ɼ͔ͭΫϥΠΞϯτଆͰ΋ +BWBTDSJQUͰ੍ޚ͢Δ ˓ ্̎ͭΛ૊Έ߹ΘͤΔ ৭ΜͳλΠϓͷ8FCΞϓϦ !18

˔ ςϯϓϨʔτʹ஋ΛຒΊࠐΉํ͕ࣜҰൠత )5.-Λੜ੒͢ΔͬͯͲ͏͍͏͜ͱʁ !19 <li> <a href="/polls/{{ question.id }}/"> {{
question.question_text }}</a> </li> <li> <a href="/polls/1/">Is this a pen?</a> </li> RVFTUJPOJE RVFTUJPORVFTUJPO@UFYU*TUIJTBQFO

˔ 8FCΞϓϦͷ࢓ࣄ͸جຊతʹσʔλϕʔεͷૢ࡞ ͓Αͼͦͷ಺༰ͷදࣔ ˓ σʔλϕʔεͷ6*ͱݴ͏͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖Δ ˔ 6*ΛͲ͏ར༻͢Δ͔͸ར༻ऀ࣍ୈͳͷͰɼૹΒΕ ͯ͘Δ஋͸جຊతʹ৴༻͠ͳ͍ ˓ ΫϥΠΞϯταΠυͰͷόϦσʔγϣϯ͚ͩͰͳ͘ 
αʔόαΠυͰͷόϦσʔγϣϯ΋ ˔ ࢖͍΍͍͢6*Λߏங͠Α͏ ʮ8FCΞϓϦ͸%#ͷ6*ʯ !20

˔ )5.-ͷ'PSNΛར༻͢Δͷ͕Ұൠత ˓ GPSNBDUJPOIPHFIPHFNFUIPEQPTU ˓ 165΍1"5$)͸͋·Γ࢖ΘΕͳ͍ؾ͕͢Δ ˓ 1045Ͱશͯ·͔ͳ͑ΔͨΊ ˔ (&5Ͱ΋Ͱ͖Δ
˓ 63-ͷύϥϝʔλΛ෇͚ͯ(&5 ˓ ৭ʑةͳ͍ʢ߈ܸʹ࢖ΘΕ΍͍͢ʣ Ϣʔβ͔Βͷσʔλͷૹ৴ !21

˔ 8FCΞϓϦ͸ը໘ΛΆͪΆͪ͢ΔΠϝʔδ͕  ڧ͍͕ɼ݁ہͷॴαʔόͱΫϥΠΞϯτؒͷ  )551௨৴Ͱ͋Δ ˔ Ϣʔβ͕ͦͷؾʹͳΕ͹શ͘૝ఆ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍63-ʹ શ͘૝ఆ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍σʔλ͕ૹΒΕͯ͘Δ͜ͱ΋͋Δ ˓ ؾΛ͚ͭͳ͍ͱ༧ظͤ͵߈ܸ͕ى͖ಘΔ ݁ہ͸ͨͩͷ)551௨৴
!22 1045

ਤղͰΘ͔Δʂ8FCΞϓϦ !23 ˔ ུ֓ਤͳͷͰৄࡉ͸ল͘

8FCΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ !24

˔ ϓϥϞσϧͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷ ˓ ύʔπ͕͋Γɼ׬੒ܗ͕ ͋Δఔ౓ݟ͍͑ͯΔ͕ɼ ݸਓʹΑͬͯͦͷ׬੒౓ ͸ҟͳΔ ˔ Ճ޻ɾృ૷ɾվ଄ʹΑͬ ͯग़དྷ্͕Δ΋ͷͷ׬੒
౓͕େ͖͘มΘΔ ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͬͯԿʁ !25

˔ 3VCZPO3BJMT ˓ 8FCΞϓϦͬͯݴͬͨΒ͜Εͬͯ͘Β͍  ීٴ͍ͯ͠ΔɽϑϧελοΫϑϨʔϜϫʔΫɽ ˓ $PPLQBEɼ(JUIVCͳͲ ˔ -BSBWFM ˓
1)1ɽϑϧελοΫϑϨʔϜϫʔΫɽ ˔ 4QSJOH'SBNFXPSL ˓ +BWBɽϑϧελοΫϑϨʔϜϫʔΫɽ ˔ %KBOHP ˓ 1ZUIPOɽϑϧελοΫϑϨʔϜϫʔΫɽ ˓ %SPQCPYɼ*OTUBHSBNͳͲ ୅දతͳ8FCΞϓϦϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ !26

˔ ͜Ε·Ͱ΋༷ʑͳϥΠϒϥϦ͕͋ͬͨ ˓ %#ૢ࡞͢ΔϥΠϒϥϦ ˓ )5.-ʹม਺ຒΊࠐΉϥΠϒϥϦ ˓ 8FCαʔόΛ࡞ΔϥΠϒϥϦʜFUD ˔ ಉ౳ͷػೳΛ୯Ұͷύοέʔδͱͯ͠ఏڙ͠ɼ 
جຊߏ੒Λશͯ४උ͍ͯ͠ΔϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ ˔ ͲͷϥΠϒϥϦΛ࢖͏͔ɼΑΓ΋ɼͲ͏͍ͬͨ  ػೳΛ࣮૷͢Δ͔ɼʹूதͰ͖Δ ϑϧελοΫϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͬͯʁ !27

˔ ϝϦοτ ˓ ࣗ෼ͨͪͷϏδωεϩδοΫͷ࣮૷ʹूதͰ͖Δ ˓ ্ཱ͕ͪ͛଎͍ ˓ ͋Δఔ౓ͷηΩϡϦςΟͷ୲อʢॏཁʣ ˔ σϝϦοτ
˓ ͦͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫʹϩοΫΠϯ͞Εͯ͠·͍ɼ  ൈ͚ग़͢ͷ͕೉͍͠ɽ ˓ ֶशίετ͕ߴ͍ʢ΄Μ·͔ʁʣ ˓ ஌͕ࣝภΔ ϑϧελοΫͷϝϦοτɾσϝϦοτ !28

˔ 63-σΟεύονϟʢϧʔλʣ ˓ 63-ͷύεͱͦΕʹରԠ͢Δػೳͷඥ෇͚Λߦ͏ ˔ ςϯϓϨʔτΤϯδϯ ˓ )5.-ʹม਺ΛຒΊࠐΉػೳ ˔ ΦϒδΣΫτϦϨʔγϣφϧϚούʔʢ03.ʣ
˓ 42-Λ௚઀৮Δ͜ͱແ͘ɼ%#্ͷϨίʔυΛϓϩά ϥϛϯάతʹѻ͏͜ͱ͕ग़དྷΔػೳ ˓ 42-ΠϯδΣΫγϣϯΛ๷͍Ͱ͘ΕͨΓ΋͢Δ ؚΜͰ͍Δओͳػೳ !29

˔ ݴޠ͸޷Έ͕ͩɼকདྷੑ͸ߟྀ͓ͯ͘͠΂͖ ˓ ྫ͑͹ࠓ͔Β1FSMΛ΍Δͷ͸ͪΐͬͱʜʜ ˔ جຊతʹ͸σϑΝΫτελϯμʔυʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ ΋ͷΛબ୒͢Δ ˓ બ͹ΕΔʹ͸ඞͣཧ༝͕͋Δ ˓
࢖͍΍͍͢ɾߴػೳͳͲͳͲ ˔ ҉໧ͷػೳ͕ଟ͍ͷͰɼυΩϡϝϯτ͕͔ͬ͠Γ ͋Γωοτʹ৘ใ͕ଟ͍΋ͷΛબ୒͠Α͏ ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͷબఆ !30

.7$ !31

˔ .PEFM7JFX$POUSPMMFSʹ෼͚࣮ͯ૷͢Δ͜ͱͰɼ ͦΕͧΕͷ݁߹ΛऑΊอकੑΛߴΊΔ ˔ .PEFM ˓ σʔλͷอ࣋ɾݕূ ˔ $POUSPMMFS ˓
σʔλͷૢ࡞ʢӕ͸͍ͭͯͳ͍ʣ ˔ 7JFX ˓ Ϣʔβʹݟ͑ΔܗͰσʔλΛදࣔʢӕ͸SZʣ .7$ !32

ຊ౰ͷ.7$ !33 .PEFM $POUSPMMFS 7JFX ௨஌ ૢ࡞ɾࢀর ࢀߟIUUQTXXXTMJEFTIBSFOFU.VHF4PNWD

ͦ͜ΒลͰ࢖ΘΕͯΔࣗশ.7$ !34 .PEFM $POUSPMMFS 7JFX σʔλϑϩʔ ૢ࡞ɾࢀর ࢀߟIUUQTXXXTMJEFTIBSFOFU.VHF4PNWD

˔ ԿΒ͔ͷΞʔΩςΫνϟʹͷͬͱ࣮ͬͯ૷Λ෼཭ ͢Δ͜ͱ͸ී௨ʹߦΘΕ͍ͯΔ ˓ .7$Ҏ֎ʹ΋.77.ͱ͔.57ͱ͔৭ʑ͋Δ ˔ ϓϩάϥϚͷҰൠڭཆͳͷͰɼ.7$͘Β͍͸  ෼͔Βͳ͍ͱμϝ ˔ ΋ͪΖΜ࣮ࡍʹ.7$Λ࠾༻͍ͯ͠ΔϑϨʔϜ 
ϫʔΫ͸ଘࡏ͢Δ ͜ͷ஌ࣝ࢖͑Δͷʁʁʁ !35

˔ %KBOHP͕࠾༻͍ͯ͠ΔΞʔΩςΫνϟ ˓ .PEFM5FNQMBUF7JFXʹ෼͚ͯߟ͑Δ ˔ .PEFM ˓ σʔλϕʔεʹଘࡏ͢Δσʔλ ˔ 7JFX
˓ ͦͷσʔλΛॲཧɾબ୒͢ΔͳͲ ˔ 5FNQMBUF ˓ σʔλΛຒΊࠐΉςϯϓϨʔτσβΠϯ .57 !36

1ZUIPOͷ෮श !37

˔ d·Ͱͷ਺ࣈͰɺ  ͰׂΓ੾ΕΕ͹ɺʮ'J[[ʯΛදࣔ͢Δ  ͰׂΓ੾ΕΕ͹ɺʮ#V[[ʯΛදࣔ͢Δ  ͱͰׂΓ੾ΕΕ͹ɺʮ'J[[#V[[ʯΛදࣔ͢Δ  ্هҎ֎ͷ৔߹͸ɺͦͷ··ͷ਺ࣈΛදࣔ͢Δ ˔ ࣮૷ํ๏͸೚ͤΔ 'J[[#V[[ !38

Django at a glance Because Django was developed in a
fast-paced newsroom environment, it was designed to make common Web- development tasks fast and easy. Here’s an informal overview of how to write a database-driven Web app with Django. The goal of this document is to give you enough technical specifics to understand how Django works, but this isn’t intended to be a tutorial or reference – but we’ve got both! When you’re ready to start a project, you can start with the tutorial or dive right into more detailed documentation. ˔ ্هӳจͷ֤୯ޠͷग़ݱ਺ΛΧ΢ϯτ͢Δ ˓ DPMMFDUJPOT$PVOUFS࢖͏ͷ͸ແ͠ ୯ޠͷΧ΢ϯτ !39 Cited from https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/intro/overview/

%KBOHPνϡʔτϦΞϧ !40

˔ 1ZUIPOͰॻ͚Δ ˓ ػցֶशͱͷ਌࿨ੑͷ͋ΔݴޠͳͷͰྲྀߦʹ  ৐͔ͬͬͯΔ ˔ ϑϧελοΫͰ͋Δ ˓ ߴ଎Ͱൺֱత҆શͳ։ൃͷͨΊʹ ˔
؅ཧαΠτͷॆ࣮౓ ˓ σϑΥϧτͰBENJO༻ͷαΠτ͕෇ଐ͍ͯ͠Δ ˓ ςετσʔλΛ࡞੒ߋ৽࡟আ͢Δͷָ͕ ˔ ೔ຊޠͰݕࡧͨ͠ͱ͖ͷ৘ใͷ·ͱ΋͞ ˓ 3˓CZ˓O3˓JMTͷݕࡧ݁Ռ͕ͻͲ͗͢Δ 8IZ%KBOHPʁ !41

ެࣜͷνϡʔτϦΞϧ ˣ IUUQTEPDTEKBOHPQSPKFDUDPN KBJOUSP !42

͋Β͔͡Ί΍͓͍ͬͯͨ΋ͷ ˣ IUUQTHJUIVCDPN4UVEJP"RVBUBO EKBOHPP⒏DJBMUVUPSJBM !43

νϡʔτϦΞϧͷΞδΣϯμ !44 d 1BSUΠϯετʔϧɾ)FMMPXPSME d 1BSUϞσϧͷఆٛɾ%#ϚΠάϨʔγϣϯ d 1BSUجຊػೳͰςϯϓϨʔτͱ7JFX d 1BSUϑΥʔϜͱͷ࿈ܞ൚༻7JFX
෼ٳܜ d 1BSUϢχοτςετ d 1BSU੩తϑΝΠϧͷ௥Ճ d 1BSU؅ཧαΠτͷΧελϚΠζ

1BSU %KBOHPΠϯετʔϧ )FMMPXPSME !45

˔ %KBOHP͸YͱYͰͦΕͳΓʹมΘͬͨ ˔ ࠓޙ࢖͍ͬͯ͘ͳΒ%KBOHPYҰ୒ %KBOHPͷΠϯετʔϧ !46 $ pipenv install django
$ pipenv run python -m django --version 2.0.7 $ pipenv graph 07/18 21:34(Wed) Django==2.0.7 - pytz [required: Any, installed: 2018.5]

$ pipenv run django-admin startproject sample $ tree -L 3
sample sample ├── manage.py └── sample ├── __init__.py ├── settings.py ├── urls.py └── wsgi.py ˔ ৽نϓϩδΣΫτ࡞੒ͳͲΛߦ͏ ˔ EKBOHPΛΠϯετʔϧ͢Δͱ࢖͑ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ EKBOHPBENJOίϚϯυ !47

$ pipenv run python manage.py runserver # ϒϥ΢βͰ http://localhost:8000/ ʹΞΫηε
˔ %KBOHPͷ༷ʑͳૢ࡞Λߦ͏ͨΊͷϥούʔ  εΫϦϓτΈ͍ͨͳ΋ͷ ˓ ಠࣗίϚϯυͷఆٛ΋Մೳ ˔ %#ͷςʔϒϧ࡞੒΍։ൃ༻αʔόͷىಈͳͲ NBOBHFQZ !48

5JQT1Z$IBSNͰ։͘ !50

˔ +FUCSBJOT੡ͷ1ZUIPO༻*%& ˓ 1SPGFTTJPOBMɿ%KBOHPɾϓϥάΠϯͷαϙʔτͳͲ ˓ $PNNVOJUZɿແঈɽػೳ੍ݶ൛ɽ ˔ ֶੜ͸ΞΧσϛοΫϥΠηϯεͰແྉ ˓ ͨͩ͠ඇ঎༻ͳͷͰ஫ҙ
1Z$IBSN !51

࡞੒ࡁΈϓϩδΣΫτΛ։͘ !52 ΫϦοΫ

σΟϨΫτϦΛબ୒ !53

˔ 1SFGFSFODFT1SPKFDUXFCBQQ@QSBDUJDF1SPKFDU*OUFSQSFUFSΛ։͘ 1ZUIPOԾ૝؀ڥΛબ୒ !54 ΫϦοΫͯ͠"EEʜΛબ୒

WFOWΛબ୒ !55 ˔ ௚ԼʹWFOWͱ͔ͷσΟϨΫτϦ͕͋Δ৔߹ɼࣗಈͰબ୒ͯ͘͠ΕΔ

˔ ͦͷԾ૝؀ڥʹΠϯετʔϧͯ͋͠ΔύοέʔδҰཡ͕ग़Δ ύοέʔδҰཡΛදࣔ !56

%KBOHP4VQQPSUΛ༗ޮԽ !57 ˔ -BOHVBHFT'SBNFXPSLT%KBOHPΛબ୒ ΫϦοΫͯ͠༗ޮԽ

˔ ϧʔτσΟϨΫτϦʢࠓճ͸TBNQMFʣΛબ୒ %KBOHPͷϧʔτσΟϨΫτϦΛબ୒ !58

˔ TBNQMFTBNQMFҎԼʹ͋ΔTFUUJOHTQZΛબ୒͢Δ TFUUJOHTQZΛબ୒ !59 "QQMZΛΫϦοΫ

˔ 1Z$IBSN͔Β௚઀࣮ߦ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ NBOBHFQZͷλεΫΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ !60

SVOTFSWFSͯ͠ΈΔ !61 ʜΊΜͲͳ͍ʁ

˔ 3VO&EJU$POpHVSBUJPOTΛબ୒ SVOTFSWFS͢Δ࣮ߦߏ੒Λ௥Ճ !62

࣮ߦߏ੒ͷ௥Ճը໘ !63 ΫϦοΫͯ͠%KBOHPTFSWFSΛ௥Ճ

࣮ߦߏ੒ͷ௥Ճը໘ !64 ໊લΛ෇͚Δ

࣮ߦߏ੒ͷ௥Ճը໘ !65 ΞΫηε͢Δϗετ໊ ࣮ߦ࣌ʹࣗಈͰϒϥ΢βͰ։͘ 0,ΛΫϦοΫ

˔ ӈ্ͷ࣮ߦߏ੒Ұཡ͔Βઌ΄Ͳ࡞੒ͨ͠ SVOTFSWFSΛબ୒͢Δ ࣮ߦ͢Δ !66

˔ ⾣ΛΫϦοΫ͢Δͱ࣮ߦ ˔ ˙Ͱఀࢭ ࣮ߦ͢Δ !67

˔ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯશମͷઃఆΛߦ͏ϑΝΠϧ ˓ 4&$3&5@,&:ͳͲػີ৘ใΛؚΉͨΊɼͦͷ·· DPNNJUͯ͠QVTI͠ͳ͍͜ͱ ˔ ৄࡉ͸ެࣜυΩϡϝϯτΛࢀߟʹ ˓ IUUQTEPDTEKBOHPQSPKFDUDPNFOSFG TFUUJOHT
˔ ·ͣ͸೔ຊޠԽ ˓ -"/(6"(&@$0%&KBKQ ˓ 1Z$IBSN͔ΒSVOTFSWFS͢Δ TFUUJOHTQZ !68

# PyCharmͷmanage.py task࣮ߦΛ࢖༻͢Δ manage.py@webapp_practice > startapp polls ˔ NBOBHFQZ͔Β࢖͑ΔίϚϯυ ˔
%KBOHPͰ͸ʮΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʯͱ͍͏୯Ґ͕༻͍Β Ε͍ͯΔ ˓ ྫ͑͹Ϣʔβ؅ཧɾೝূͳͲҰͭͷػೳ୯Ґ ˓ ΋ͪΖΜ͋ΔΞϓϦ͔ΒผͷΞϓϦͷσʔλΛࢀর  ͢Δ͜ͱ΋ग़དྷΔ ˔ ࠓճ͸࣭໰ͱબ୒ࢶ͔ΒϢʔβ౤ථΛืΔΞϓϦ  QPMMTΛ࡞੒͢Δ TUBSUBQQ !70

sample ├── manage.py ├── polls │ ├── __init__.py │ ├──
admin.py │ ├── apps.py │ ├── models.py │ ├── tests.py │ └── views.py └── sample ├── __init__.py ├── settings.py ├── urls.py └── wsgi.py ΞϓϦͷσΟϨΫτϦߏ੒ !71 ৽͘͠௥Ճ͞Εͨ

)FMMPXPSME͢Δ !72 ˔ ΞΫηε͢Δͱ)FMMPXPSMEͱฦ͢ϖʔδΛ࡞Δ ˓ DPNNJUBDD ˔ WJFXTQZ ˓ .7$Ͱ͍͏ίϯτϩʔϥʹ͍ۙʢ΍΍͍͜͠ʣ
˓ Ϣʔβ͔ΒͷϦΫΤετΦϒδΣΫτΛॲཧͯ͠  ϨεϙϯεΛฦ͢ ˔ VSMTQZ ˓ Ͳͷ63-ύεΛͲͷWJFXʹඥ෇͚Δ͔ΛܾΊΔ ˓ JODMVEF ͸ͦ͜ʹؚ·ΕΔVSMQBUUFSOΛશͯಡΈࠐΈ ͦͷύεҎԼʹ഑ஔ͢Δࣄ͕ग़དྷΔ

1BSU Ϟσϧͷఆٛ %#ϚΠάϨʔγϣϯ !74

˔ 8FCΞϓϦʹ͓͚Δσʔλͷఆٛ ˓ ͦͷ··σʔλϕʔεͷςʔϒϧͱҰக͢Δ ˓ Α͘ߟ͑ͯఆٛ͠ͳ͍ͱΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕ແҙຯʹ ෳࡶʹͳͬͯ͠·͏ ˔ %KBOHPͰ͸AEKBOHPECNPEFMT.PEFMAΛ  ܧঝͯ͠એݴ
˔ ౤ථΞϓϦΛ࡞Δʹ౰ͨΓɼ࣭໰ͷϞσϧͱͦͷ બ୒ࢶͷϞσϧΛఆٛ͢Δ ˓ DPNNJUD ϞσϧͬͯԿʁ !75

class Question(models.Model): """࣭໰ͷϞσϧ""" # ࣭໰จͷΧϥϜ question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200) # ࡞੒͞Εͨ೔෇ͷΧϥϜ
pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published') 2VFTUJPOςʔϒϧ !76 QPMMTNPEFMTQZ QL QSJNBSZLFZ RVFTUJPO@UFYU QVC@EBUF IPHFIPHF GVHBGVHB ΧϥϜ Ϩίʔυ

class Choice(models.Model): """બ୒ࢶͷϞσϧ""" # ରԠ͢Δ࣭໰ͷidΛ֨ೲ͢ΔΧϥϜ question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE) #
બ୒ࢶͷจষ choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200) # ౤ථ਺ͷΧϥϜ votes = models.IntegerField(default=0) ֎෦Ωʔ੍໿ʢ'PSFJHO,FZʣ !77 QPMMTNPEFMTQZ QL DIPJDF@UFYU WPUFT RVFTUJPO@JE QPZP QPF $IPJDFςʔϒϧ ඥ෇͚Δ2VFTUJPOςʔϒϧ্ ͷϨίʔυͱରԠ෇͚ %KBOHPͷ03.͔Β৮Δ্Ͱ ͸ಛʹҙࣝ͠ͳͯ͘ྑ͍ ʢΞΫηε͢Δࡍʹ͸௚઀ͦ ͷΦϒδΣΫτΛ৮ΕΔʣ

ϦϨʔγϣϯͷύλʔϯ !78 ˔ .BOZUP0OF0OFUP.BOZ ˓ ྫʣຊͱग़൛ࣾɽຊ͸ଟ਺ͰͦΕͧΕͷग़൛ࣾ͸Ұͭ ˓ ࠓճ͸࣭໰ʢ0OFʣͱબ୒ࢶʢ.BOZʣͷؔ܎ ˔ 0OFUP0OF
˓ ྫʣϢʔβͱͦͷϓϩϑΟʔϧ ˓ ඞͣҰ͔ͭ࣋ͯ͠ͳ͍ ˔ .BOZUP.BOZ ˓ ྫʣຊͱஶऀͷؔ܎ɽڞஶऀΛߟྀ͢ΔͱɼҰͭͷຊΛ ෳ਺ਓ͕ɼҰਓ͕ෳ਺ͷຊΛॻ͘ঢ়ଶ͕ଘࡏɽ ˓ ຊͷςʔϒϧͱஶऀͷςʔϒϧҎ֎ʹɼͦΕͷඥ෇͚Λ ఆٛ͢Δςʔϒϧ͕ඞཁʢ03.͕উखʹ΍ͬͯ͘ΕΔʣ

˔ σʔλϕʔεͷ͍Ζ͍Ζͳૢ࡞Λࢦ͢ ˓ ৽نςʔϒϧΛ࡞Δ ˓ ΧϥϜΛมߋ͢ΔʜFUD ˔ NBLFNJHSBUJPOTίϚϯυ ˓ ΞϓϦ௚ԼͷNJHSBUJPOTσΟϨΫτϦʹૢ࡞಺༰͕ 
ࣗಈੜ੒͞ΕΔ ˓ σʔλϕʔε͝ͱʹ࠷దͳ΋ͷΛग़ྗ ˔ NJHSBUFίϚϯυ ˓ ੜ੒͞ΕͨϚΠάϨʔγϣϯͷ಺༰Λ࣮ߦ͢Δ ˓ ϚΠάϨʔγϣϯͰςʔϒϧΛ࡞Δ·Ͱ͸σʔλϕʔε ʹϨίʔυΛ௥ՃͰ͖ͳ͍ ϚΠάϨʔγϣϯ !79

ॳճͷϚΠάϨʔγϣϯΛ࣮ߦ !80 manage.py@webapp_practice > makemigrations manage.py@webapp_practice > migrate Operations to
perform: Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, polls, sessions Running migrations: Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK Applying auth.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK Applying polls.0001_initial... OK Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

˔ NBOBHFQZTIFMMͰ%KBOHPͷػೳΛίϚϯυ  ϥΠϯͰࢼͤΔ ˔ ࣭໰ͱͦΕʹඥ෇͘બ୒ࢶΛ࡞ͬͯΈΔ %KBOHPͷTIFMM !81 >>> from polls.models
import Choice, Question >>> Question.objects.all() <QuerySet []> >>> from django.utils import timezone >>> q = Question(question_text="What's new?",pub_date=timezone.now()) >>> q.save() >>> Question.objects.all() <QuerySet [<Question: Question object (1)>]> >>> c = Choice.objects.create(question=q, choice_text="hoge") >>> q.choice_set.all() <QuerySet [<Choice: Choice object (1)>]>

from django.contrib import admin from polls.models import Question, Choice #
QuestionͱChoiceΛadminαΠτ͔Β৮ΕΔΑ͏ʹొ࿥ admin.site.register(Question) admin.site.register(Choice) QPMMTBENJOQZ ˔ σʔλϕʔεͷϨίʔυΛ؅ཧͰ͖Δศརػೳ ˓ IUUQMPDBMIPTUBENJO ˔ BENJOαΠτ΁ೖΔʹ͸·ͣ؅ཧϢʔβ͕ඞཁ ˓ DSFBUFTVQFSVTFSίϚϯυΛ࢖༻͢Δ ˔ ӾཡͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹࣗ࡞ͷϞσϧΛొ࿥͢Δ BENJOαΠτ΁ొ࿥ !82

˔ Ϟσϧͷ@@TUS@@ ΛΦʔόʔϥΠυ͢Δ ˓ ͜Ε͸ͦͷΦϒδΣΫτΛQSJOUͨ͠ͱ͖ʹݺ͹ΕΔɼ จࣈྻԽͷϝιουͰ͋Δ ˓ DPNNJUGEFB ˔ BENJOαΠτͷΧελϚΠζͷํ๏͸ඇৗʹ๛෋
˔ ޙͰ΍Γ·͢ BENJOͰͷද໊ࣔΛมߋ !85

1BSU جຊػೳͰ  ςϯϓϨʔτͱ7JFX !86

˔ ࣭໰Ұཡϖʔδ ˓ ࠷৽ͷ࣭໰Λ͍͔ͭ͘දࣔ ˔ ࣭໰ৄࡉϖʔδ ˓ ݁ՌΛදࣔͤͣɺ࣭໰ςΩετͱ౤ථϑΥʔϜΛදࣔ ˔ ࣭໰݁Ռϖʔδ
˓ ಛఆͷ࣭໰ͷ݁ՌΛදࣔ ˔ ౤ථϖʔδ ˓ ಛఆͷ࣭໰ͷબ୒Λ౤ථͱͯ͠ड෇ ࡞ΔϖʔδҰཡ !87

urlpatterns = [ # Ұ෦লུ # ஫ҙɿ຤ඌͷεϥογϡΛ๨Εͳ͍Α͏ʹ # `/polls/1/` path('<int:question_id>/',
views.detail, name='detail'), # `/polls/1/results/` path('<int:question_id>/results/', views.results, name='results'), # `/polls/1/vote/` path('<int:question_id>/vote/', views.vote, name='vote'), ] QPMMTVSMTQZ ˔ ୯७ͳ7JFXΛॻ͍ͯΞΫηεͯ͠ΈΔ ˓ DPNNJUBDCD ˔ 63-ͷهड़ͷ࢓ํʹ׳ΕΑ͏ ˓ ܕ໊ม਺໊ͰWJFXؔ਺Ͱड͚औΔ͜ͱ͕ग़དྷΔ 7JFXͷϓϩτλΠϓΛ࡞੒ !88

{% if latest_question_list %} <ul> {% for question in latest_question_list
%} {# URLΛॻ͍࣭ͯ໰΁ͷϦϯΫΛ࡞Δ #} <li><a href="/polls/{{ question.id }}/"> {{ question.question_text }}</a></li> {% endfor %} </ul> {% else %} {# ࣭໰͕Ұͭ΋ొ࿥͞Ε͍ͯͳ͔ͬͨ৔߹ #} <p>No polls are available.</p> {% endif %} ˔ %KBOHP5FNQMBUF-BOHVBHFʢ%5-ʣΛ࢖༻ ˓ \^ͱ\\^^ɼ\^Ͱғ·Εͨൣғ͸%5-ͷจ๏ ˓ +JOKBͳͲͷςϯϓϨʔτΤϯδϯ΋࢖͑Δ ˔ ม਺͸7JFX͔ΒࣙॻࣜͷΦϒδΣΫτͰ౉͞ΕΔ ˓ DPNNJUCCC )5.-ͷςϯϓϨʔτΛॻ͘ !89 QPMMTUFNQMBUFTQPMMTJOEFYIUNM औಘ࣭ͨ͠໰ͷ ݸ਺͚ͩGPSϧʔϓ͕ ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔ ˡϦετͷத਎͕ۭͳΒ'BMTFʹͳΔ

˔ ҎԼͷ༷ͳΊͪΌͪ͘Ό؆୯ͳ)5.-͕ग़དྷΔ ˓ *G΍GPSɼίϝϯτ෦෼͸ۭനۭߦʹͳΔ ˓ )5.-ͰΤεέʔϓ͕ඞཁͳจࣈ͸উखʹΤεέʔϓ ͯ͘͠ΕΔ ੜ੒͞ΕΔ)5.- !90

˔ ༷ʑͳγϣʔτΧοτϝιου͕ଘࡏ͢Δ ˓ SFOEFSɿϨϯμϦϯάͨ͠)5.-Λฦ͢ ˓ SFEJSFDUɿࢦఆͨ͠63-ʹϦμΠϨΫτͤ͞Δ ˓ HFU@PCKFDU@PS@ɿࢦఆ͞ΕͨϨίʔυ͕ͳ͚Ε͹ Λฦ͢ ˓
HFU@MJTU@PS@ɿࢦఆ͞ΕͨϨίʔυʢෳ਺ʣ͕ଘ ࡏ͠ͳ͚Ε͹Λฦ͢ ˔ ͜ΕΒΛ࢖ͬͯઌ΄ͲͷίʔυΛ؆ུԽͰ͖Δ ˓ DPNNJUGEBDF EKBOHPTIPSUDVUT !91

˔ ΞΫηεͨ͠63-͕ଘࡏ͠ͳ͔ͬͨ৔߹ʹฦ͞Ε Δεςʔλείʔυ ˔ ཁૉ͕ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍৔߹ɼ͜Ε͕ฦͬͯཉ͍͠ ˓ ͱ͍͏͔ͦ͏ͳ͍ͬͯͳ͍αΠτ͸ΰϛ ˓ ͨ·ʹΛฦ͢Α͏ͳΫιαΠτ͕͋Δ ˔
ݱࡏৄࡉϖʔδʹଘࡏ͠ͳ͍JEͰΞΫηεͯ͠΋ ͕ฦͬͯ͘Δɽ ˓ Λฦ͢Α͏ʹमਖ਼DPNNJUG ˓ ͦͷίʔυΛ؆ུԽDPNNJUDGE !92

<h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1> <ul> {# ࣭໰ʹؚ·ΕΔશͯͷબ୒ࢶΛදࣔ͢Δ #} {% for choice
in question.choice_set.all %} {# forͰҰͭҰͭͷબ୒ࢶʹΞΫηε #} <li>{{ choice.choice_text }}</li> {% endfor %} </ul> QPMMTUFNQMBUFTQPMMTEFUBJMIUNM ˔ ࣭໰಺༰͚ͩͰແ͘ɼͦΕʹඥ෇͘બ୒ࢶ΋දࣔ ͍ͨ͠ ˔ EFUBJMIUNMΛมߋ͢Δ ˓ DPNNJUDEE ৄࡉϖʔδʹػೳ௥Ճ !93 ϦϨʔγϣϯઌͷ ཁૉΛશͯऔಘ

{# URLΛϋʔυίʔυ͢ΔͷΛࣙΊΔɽ'detail'͸urls.pyͰࢦఆͨ͠nameʹ͋ͨΔɽ #} {# ͦͷޙʹURLύε্ͷม਺Λ༩͑Δɽ͜ͷ৔߹͸࣭໰ͷidɽ #} {# ྫ͑͹URLΛมߋͨ͘͠ͳͬͯ΋urls.pyͷΈΛมߋ͢Ε͹ɼࣗಈతʹͪ͜ΒͷURL΋मਖ਼͞ΕΔɽ #} <li><a
href="{% url 'detail' question.id %}">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li> QPMMTUFNQMBUFTQPMMTJOEFYIUNM ˔ ݱࡏJOEFYIUNMͰ͸QPMMT\\RVFTUJPO@JE^^ ˔ ྫ͑͹QPMMTRVFTUJPO\\RVFTUJPO@JE^^ͳͲʹ มߋͨ͘͠ͳͬͨΒʁ ˓ VSMTQZ͚ͩͰͳ͘ςϯϓϨʔτʹ΋มߋ͕ඞཁ ˔ ςϯϓϨʔτ্Ͱಈతʹ63-ੜ੒͢Δػೳ͕͋Δ ˓ DPNNJUDG 63-ͷϋʔυίʔυΛࣙΊΔ !94

{# 'app_name:name'ͱ͍͏ܗࣜͰࢦఆ͢Δɽ'detail'͸urls.pyͰࢦఆͨ͠nameʹ͋ͨΔɽ #} <li><a href="{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}"> {{
question.question_text }}</a></li> QPMMTUFNQMBUFTQPMMTJOEFYIUNM ˔ ৄࡉදࣔͷ63-ʹEFUBJMͱ͍͏໊લΛ෇͚ͨ ˔ ଞͷΞϓϦͰ΋ಉ໊͡લΛ࢖͍ͨ͘ͳͬͨΒʁʁ ˓ ͜ͷ63-ͷ໊લ෇͚Λ͜ͷΞϓϦ಺Ͱด͍ͨ͡ ˔ VSMTQZʹBQQ@OBNFͱ͍͏ม਺Λ௥Ճ͢Δ ˓ DPNNJUBCDF 63-ͷ໊લۭؒΛ෼཭͢Δ !95 QPMMTVSMTQZ app_name = 'polls' urlpatterns = [ # লུ

1BSU ϑΥʔϜͱͷ࿈ܞ ൚༻7JFX !96

˔ ࣍͸Ϣʔβ͔ΒσʔλΛ1045ͯ͠΋Β͏ ˓ )5.-ͷGPSNλάΛ࢖༻͢Δ ˓ DPNNJUEFG ౤ථػೳΛ෇͚Δ !97 <h1>{{ question.question_text
}}</h1> {# Τϥʔ͕͋Δ৔߹දࣔ #} {% if error_message %}<p><strong>{{ error_message }}</strong></p>{% endif %} {# ౤ථϖʔδʹରͯ͠POST͢ΔϑΥʔϜ #} <form action="{% url 'polls:vote' question.id %}" method="post"> {% for choice in question.choice_set.all %} {# ಛघͳม਺forloop͸ͦͷϧʔϓதͷΧ΢ϯτΛऔಘ͢Δɽ #} <input type="radio" name="choice" id="choice{{ forloop.counter }} value="{{ choice.id }}" /> <label for="choice{{ forloop.counter }}">{{ choice.choice_text }}</label> <br /> {% endfor %} <input type="submit" value="Vote" /> </form> QPMMTUFNQMBUFTQPMMTEFUBJMIUNM

˔ $SPTT4JUF3FRVFTU'PSHFSJFTʢ$43'ʣ ˓ ΫϩεαΠτϦΫΤετϑΥʔδΣϦ ˔ 'PSNʹΑΔ1045΋ॴḨ͸ͨͩͷ)551௨৴ ˔ ѱҙͷ͋ΔύϥϝʔλΛؚΜͩ63-ΛϩάΠϯ  ࡁΈͷϢʔβʹ౿·ͤΔ͜ͱͰ߈ܸͰ͖Δ ˓
ϩάΠϯͯ͠Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱ͸શͯग़དྷΔ $43' !98 IPHFʹ ౤ථ͠Ζ ᠘αΠτ 1045 QPMMTWPUF ϙνοͱͳ IPHF

˔ %KBOHPʹ͸͜ͷ$43'Λ๷͙࢓૊Έ͕͋Δ ˓ ςϯϓϨʔτͷGPSNதʹ\DTSG@UPLFO^ͱॻ͍ͯ ͓͚ͩ͘Ͱྑ͍ \DTSG@UPLFO^ !99 ᠘αΠτ 1045 UPLFO͕
ͳ͍PSҧ͏ ϦδΣΫτʂ UPLFOΛ஌Βͳ͍ ϥϯμϜͳUPLFOΛൃߦ ϑΥʔϜʹຒΊࠐΈ 1045 0,ʂ

˔ EKBOHPWJFXTHFOFSJDʹ͸యܕతͳ7JFXͷ  Ϋϥε͕طʹؚ·Ε͍ͯΔ ˓ ͍͔ͭ͘ͷύϥϝʔλΛઃఆ͢Δ͚ͩͰ׬੒͢Δ ˓ ΋ͪΖΜॲཧ͸ΧελϚΠζͰ͖Δ ˔ ؔ਺ϕʔεͰ͸(&5ͱ1045ΛJGͰ෼͚ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ ͕ɼΫϥεϕʔεͷ൚༻7JFXͰ͸ͦ΋ͦ΋ॲཧ͢Δؔ
਺͕෼͔Ε͍ͯΔͷͰՄಡੑ͕ߴ·Δ ˔ ඞཁͳॲཧ͕͋Β͔͡Ίهड़͞Ε͍ͯΔͷͰ࣮૷Λ؆ ུԽͰ͖Δ ˓ DPNNJUFDC ൚༻7JFX !100

˔ -JTU7JFX ˓ ˓˓PCKFDUTBMM Ͱෳ਺ͷཁૉΛऔ͖ͬͯͯදࣔ ˓ HFU@RVFSZTFU ΛΦʔόʔϥΠυ͢Δ͜ͱͰpMUFSΛט· ͤΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ ˔
%FUBJM7JFX ˓ ˓˓PCKFDUTHFU ͰҰͭͷཁૉΛऔ͖ͬͯͯදࣔ ˔ $SFBUF7JFXɾ6QEBUF7JFXɾ%FMFUF7JFX ˓ Ϩίʔυͷ࡞੒ɾߋ৽ɾ࡟আΛߦ͏ͨΊͷ7JFX ˔ 5FNQMBUF7JFX ˓ ࠷΋൚༻తͳ7JFXɽॲཧ͸ࣗ෼Ͱॻ͘ɽ ୅දతͳ൚༻7JFX !101

1BSU Ϣχοτςετ !102

˔ %KBOHPʹ͸VOJUUFTU5FTU$BTFΛܧঝͨ͠ EKBOHPUFTU5FTU$BTF͕͋Δ ˓ ࢖͍ํ͸΄΅Ұॹɽ ˔ NBOBHFQZUFTUΞϓϦ໊ͰVOJUUFTU5FTU$BTFΛ ܧঝͨ͠ςετΛࣗಈ࣮ߦ͢Δ ˔ %KBOHP͸ࣗಈͰςετ༻ͷσʔλϕʔεΛςετ
࣌ʹ࡞੒ɼऴྃ࣌ʹഁغͯ͘͠ΕΔ ˓ %#࡞੒ͷݖݶ͕ඞཁͳ͜ͱʹ஫ҙʢ42-JUFҎ֎ʣ ˔ ࠓճ͸࣌ؒͷ౎߹্ল͖·͢ ςετ͸ΈΜͳ΍ͬͨํ͕͍͍Α !103

1BSU ੩తϑΝΠϧͷ௥Ճ !104

˔ $44΍+4ɼը૾ͳͲ%KBOHP͕खΛՃ͑ͳ͍  ϑΝΠϧ ˔ 8FCαΠτͷ૷০ʹ͸ඞਢ ˔ UFNQMBUFTͱಉ͡Α͏ʹTUBUJDͱ͍͏  σΟϨΫτϦͱͦͷ௚ԼʹΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ໊ͷ σΟϨΫτϦΛ࡞ͬͯೖΕ͓ͯ͘ ˓
DPNNJUDF ˔ ࣮ࡍͷӡ༻࣌ʹ͸8FCαʔό͕഑৴͢Δ ੩తϑΝΠϧͬͯʁ !105

ӡ༻࣌ͷΠϝʔδ !106

{# ੩తϑΝΠϧΛಡΉ͜Ή #} {% load static %} {# style.cssΛಡΈࠐΉ #}
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'polls/style.css' %}" /> QPMMTUFNQMBUFTQPMMTEFUBJMIUNM ˔ ςϯϓϨʔτͰ\MPBETUBUJD^͢ΔͱಡΈ  ࠐΊΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ ˓ \TUBUJDΞϓϦ໊ϑΝΠϧύε^ ˔ 63-Λੜ੒͢ΔͷͰɼIUNMλάͷϦϯΫཁૉ  ͳͲʹೖΕΔ ੩తϑΝΠϧͷಡΈࠐΈ !107

˔ ֤ςϯϓϨʔτΛຖճશͯॻ͍͍ͯΔͷ͸ແବ͕ ଟ͍ ˓ IUNMͷIFBEͰ$44΍+4ΛಡΈࠐΜͰ͍Δ෦෼ ˓ ϔομɾϑολͳͲ ˔ ܧঝͱ͍͏࢓૊Έ͕͋Δ ˔
ޙ͔ΒίϯςϯπΛࠩ͠ࠐΈ͍ͨ෦෼ʹ  \CMPDLίϯςϯπ໊^\FOECMPDL^Λ  ೖΕ͓ͯ͘ ˓ DPNNJUGBE ςϯϓϨʔτͷܧঝ !108

{% load static %} <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang=ja> <head> <meta
charset="UTF-8"> {# λΠτϧϒϩοΫ #} <title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title> {# style.cssΛಡΈࠐΉ #} <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'polls/style.css' %}" /> </head> <body> {# ϝΠϯίϯςϯπΛ഑ஔ͢Δ #} {% block content %}{% endblock %} </body> </html> ϕʔεͱͳΔςϯϓϨʔτ !109 QPMMTUFNQMBUFTQPMMTCBTFIUNM

{# base.htmlΛܧঝ #} {% extends 'polls/base.html' %} {# λΠτϧΛมߋ #}
{% block title %}࣭໰Ұཡ{% endblock %} {# ϝΠϯίϯςϯπ #} {% block content %} {% if latest_question_list %} <ul> {% for question in latest_question_list %} <li><a href="{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}"> {{ question.question_text }}</a></li> {% endfor %} </ul> {% else %} <p>No polls are available.</p> {% endif %} {% endblock %} ϕʔεΛܧঝͯ͠࡞੒ !110 QPMMTUFNQMBUFTQPMMTJOEFYIUNM ܧঝ͢ΔςϯϓϨʔτΛ໌ࣔ ࢦఆͨ͠CMPDLΛ ΦʔόʔϥΠυ

˔ શମͰಉ͡ϕʔεςʔϚΛ࢖༻͢Δ৔߹ ˔ ԼهͷཁྖͰͰ͖Δ ˓ ϓϩδΣΫτ௚ԼʹUFNQMBUFTσΟϨΫτϦΛ࡞੒ ˓ TFUUJOHTQZʹͦͷ৔ॴΛهड़ɾϕʔεΛஔ͘ ˓ DPNNJUCF
TEMPLATES = [ { 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', 'DIRS': [ os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates') ], # ҎԼུ TBNQMFTFUUJOHTQZ ϕʔεΛϓϩδΣΫτશମͰڞ༗ !111 XFCBQQ@QSBDUJDFTBNQMFTUFNQMBUFT

1BSU ؅ཧαΠτͷΧελϚΠζ !112

class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): """࣭໰ͷAdminαΠτͰͷදࣔΛΧελϚΠζ͢ΔΫϥε""" # දࣔ͢ΔϑΟʔϧυͷॱ൪Λมߋ fields = ['pub_date', 'question_text'] #
QuestionͱChoiceΛadminαΠτ͔Β৮ΕΔΑ͏ʹొ࿥ admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin) QPMMTBENJOQZ ˔ ؅ཧαΠτͷΧελϚΠζΛهड़͢Δ ˔ ·ͣ͸؆୯ʹදࣔॱংΛม͑Δ͚ͩ ˓ DPNNJU BENJOQZ !113

class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): """࣭໰ͷAdminαΠτͰͷදࣔΛΧελϚΠζ͢ΔΫϥε""" # දࣔ͢ΔϑΟʔϧυΛηΫγϣϯ͝ͱʹ෼͚Δ fieldsets = [ # ηΫγϣϯ໊ແ͠
(None, {'fields': ['question_text']}), # ηΫγϣϯ໊༗Γ ('Date information', {'fields': ['pub_date']}) ] QPMMTBENJOQZ ˔ ϞσϧͷΧϥϜ͕ଟ͘ͳͬͯ͘Δͱ·ͱ·Γ͝ͱ ʹ෼͚ͨ͘ͳΔ ˔ ηΫγϣϯ໊Λ෇͚ͯ෼͚Δ͜ͱ͕ग़དྷΔ ˓ DPNNJUGB ද߲ࣔ໨ͷηΫγϣϯ෼͚ !114

class ChoiceInline(admin.StackedInline): """Questionଆ͔Β΋ChoiceΛ৮ΕΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ""" model = Choice # දࣔ਺ͱͯ͠࠷௿3͜ͿΜҎ্༻ҙ͢Δ extra =
3 class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): # লུ inlines = [ChoiceInline] QPMMTBENJOQZ ˔ ࠓ͸$IPJDFଆ͔Β͔͠ϦϨʔγϣϯΛઃఆͰ͖ͳ͍ ˔ 2VFTUJPOଆ͔Β΋ࣗ༝ʹ$IPJDFΛ࡞੒͍ͨ͠ ˓ BENJO4UBDLFE*OMJOFΛ࢖༻͢Δ ˓ DPNNJUCEEE ϦϨʔγϣϯઌ͔Βͷࢀর !116

class ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline): """Questionଆ͔Β΋ChoiceΛ৮ΕΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ""" model = Choice # දࣔ਺ͱͯ͠࠷௿3͜ͿΜҎ্༻ҙ͢Δ extra =
3 class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): # লུ inlines = [ChoiceInline] QPMMTBENJOQZ ˔ දࣔ಺༰͕গͳ͍৔߹ɼΧϥϜ਺ͿΜཱͯʹੵ· ΕΔͱը໘Λѹഭ͢Δ ˔ 5BCVMBS*OMJOFΛ࢖༻͢Δ ˓ DPNNJUD ςʔϒϧͰදࣔ !118

class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): """࣭໰ͷAdminαΠτͰͷදࣔΛΧελϚΠζ͢ΔΫϥε""" # adminͷҰཡϖʔδͰදࣔ͢Δ߲໨ list_display = ('question_text', 'pub_date', 'was_published_recently')
# লུ QPMMTBENJOQZ ˔ ࠓ͸࣭໰಺༰͚͕ͩදࣔ͞Ε͍ͯΔ ˔ ౤ߘ೔࣌ͱ͔΋ද͍ࣔͨ͠ ˔ MJTU@EJTQMBZΛมߋ͢Δ ˓ DPNNJU ҰཡͷදࣔΛมߋ !120

class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): """࣭໰ͷAdminαΠτͰͷදࣔΛΧελϚΠζ͢ΔΫϥε""" # লུ # ද߲ࣔ໨Λઃఆ inlines = [ChoiceInline]
# ϑΟϧλϦϯά͢Δ߲໨ list_filter = ['pub_date'] QPMMTBENJOQZ ˔ ౤ߘ೔࣌ͰߜΓࠐΉػೳΛ෇͚Δ ˔ MJTU@pMUFSΛ࢖͏ ˓ ΧϥϜͷϦετΛ౉͢ ˓ DPNNJUCD ߜΓࠐΈػೳ !122

νϡʔτϦΞϧऴྃʂ !123

˔ ը໘ͷ૷০ ˔ ϨεϙϯγϒରԠ ˔ ϢʔβϩάΠϯػೳͷ෇Ճ ˔ 1045͞Εͯ͘ΔσʔλΛόϦσʔγϣϯ͢Δͨ Ίͷ'PSNΫϥεͷ࡞੒ ˔
σʔλදࣔํ๏ͷ޻෉ʜFUD ·ͩ·ͩ΍Δ͜ͱ͸͋Δ !124

˔ %KBOHP(JSMT5VUPSJBM ˓ ೔ຊޠ൛͕͋Δͷ͕ಛ௃ ˓ IUUQTEKBOHPHJSMTKBQBOHJUCPPLTJPXPSLTIPQ@UVUPSJBMKQDPOUFOU IPX@UIF@JOUFSOFU@XPSLTJOEFYIUNM ˔ %KBOHPೖ໳ʢ(FFL-BC/"("/0ʣ ˓
%KBOHP #PPUTUSBQͷνϡʔτϦΞϧ ˓ IUUQTRJJUBDPNLBLJ@LJUFNTDBEBDEDD ˔ %KBOHP#SPUIFST ˓ ΘΓͱৄ͘͠ॻ͔Ε͍ͯΔ ˓ IUUQXXXEKBOHPCSPUIFSTDPNUVUPSJBMTCMPH@BQQ ଞͷνϡʔτϦΞϧͷ঺հ !125

͓ർΕ͞·Ͱͨ͠ʙ !126

第1回 Webアプリケーション基礎講座 / first-webapp-tutorial-seminar

第1回 Webアプリケーション基礎講座 / first-webapp-tutorial-seminar

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