Rails 5 - What's in it for me?

My presentation for webinar - http://www.srijan.net/webinar/rails-5-whats-in-it-for-me/

Transcript

1. Rails 5 What’s in it for me? @_cha1tanya @BigBinary @Srijan
3. Overview of Rails 5
4. Rails.5.started_on? Nov, 2014
5. https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/f25ad07f5ade46eb978fa8265
6. 9359+ Commits
7. Beta 3 http://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2016/2/27/Rails-5-0-beta3/ http://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2016/2/2/Rails-5-0-beta2/ http://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2015/12/18/Rails-5-0-beta1/
8. RC 1 coming soon Pending issues for RC 1 - https://github.com/rails/rails/milestones/5.0.0
9. Lots of new features
10. Bug fixes
11. Improvements
12. DHH Features
13. These are the features proposed by DHH for Rails 5. DHH is creator of Ruby on Rails and he is still passionately involved in Rails development after more than 10 years. Complete list - https://github.com/rails/rails/issues?q=milestone%3A5.0.0+author%3Adhh+is%3Aclosed
14. Major features
15. Ruby 2.2.2+ Rails 5 will require that your apps runs on Ruby 2.2.2 or latest.
16. Symbol GC http://www.sitepoint.com/symbol-gc-ruby-2-2/ https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/9634
17. Incremental GC https://engineering.heroku.com/blogs/2015-02-04-incremental-gc/
18. Chance to cleanup Rails internals
19. Keyword arguments Rails code can use keyword arguments internally as now it only supports Ruby 2.2.2 +
20. Module#prepend http://www.justinweiss.com/articles/rails-5-module-number-prepend-and-the-end-of-alias-method-chain/
21. Action Cable DHH talking about Action Cable https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n0WUjGkDFS0
22. Full Stack It has both Ruby side as well as JavaScript side.
23. Pub/Sub Based on PUB/SUB pattern. http://redis.io/topics/pubsub
24. Seamless integration with other parts Works well with other parts of Rails stack like Active Record, Active Job
25. module ApplicationCable class Connection < ActionCable::Connection::Base identified_by :current_user def connect self.current_user = find_verified_user end protected def find_verified_user id = cookies.signed[:user_id] if current_user = User.find_by(id: id) current_user else reject_unauthorized_connection end end end end An example showing how you can use Active Record, cookies etc with Action Cable
26. Ruby side Initially it was started with hard dependency on event machine. It was later dropped in https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/74497eabd52f2f9f8c383808b11286283046c2b2. Now Action Cable does not have hard dependency on Event machine
27. websocket-driver nio4r concurrent-ruby These are the 3 dependencies of Action Cable on Ruby side.
28. Adapters
29. Inline Async Good for development and test mode.
30. Evented Redis Non-Evented Redis Postgresql For production mode.
31. Rendering a template outside of controller https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/18409
32. ActionController::Renderer.render
33. Basecamp 3
35. API only apps
36. What is an API only app
37. Twitter API Github API Supplementary APIs where apps are still traditional web apps
38. Proliferation of client side frameworks
39. Growing tendency of using client side frameworks
40. Rails as a Back End Which results into using Rails only as back end app.
41. No HTML, only JSON!
42. Slim version of Rails
43. No view layer
44. Limited set of middlewares http://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org/api_app.html#choosing-middleware
45. JBuilder ActiveModel::Serializer These can be used with API only apps to generate JSON
46. Still Rails! (But for API) http://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org/api_app.html#why-use-rails-for-json-apis-questionmark
47. rails new api_app --api Create new Rails API only app
48. config.api_only = true Convert existing app to API only app. You will also have to do some more stuff.
49. development Things improved in development mode in Rails 5
50. Puma Puma is default web server now
51. config/puma.rb Newly created Rails 5 apps will come with a config/puma.rb by default.
52. New Welcome page Rails 5 got a new shiny welcome page.
53. In Rails 4.x
54. In Rails 5 :)
55. `rails` CLI https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/18878
56. rake db:migrate Sometimes rake
57. rails server sometimes rails?
58. Why some rake and some rails? Confusing for newcomers
59. rails db:migrate In Rails 5, just use `rails`
60. rails server
61. rails assets:precompile
62. One `rails` command to bind them all!
63. Rake Proxy `rake` still works using a proxy.
64. rake db:migrate #works this will still work
65. rails restart Ability to restart Rails app in development. https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/18876
66. tmp/restart.txt Similar to how passenger restarts app by touching tmp/restart.txt
67. Works with Pow, Puma Currently works with Puma and Pow only.
68. rails dev:cache Ability to use caching in development https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/18875
69. Caching in development mode In previous Rails versions, caching does not work automatically in development. now it will work in Rails 5.
70. Toggles caching in development
71. Also restarts app
72. Filtering routes https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/18902 Ability to filter routes.
73. Have thousands of routes?
74. Filtering is easier now
75. rails routes -c users
76. rails routes -c admin/users
77. rails routes -c PostsController
78. rails routes -g PATCH
79. rails routes -g admin
80. Evented File system monitor http://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2015/11/11/snappier-development-mode-in-rails-5/
81. Reloading in development Rails reloads all code in development when something changes. For that it has to do a complete walkthrough of all files.
82. Check something has changed or not
83. config.file_watcher Now it doesn’t have to do it because of a evented file system monitor.
84. gem ‘listen’ It is powered by listen gem internally.
85. test Changes in test mode
86. Test Runner Rails 5 has added Rspec like test runner http://blog.bigbinary.com/2016/01/03/test-runner-in-rails-5.html
87. bin/rails test
88. $ bin/rails test test/models/user_test.rb:27 Running a single test by line number
89. $ bin/rails test test/models test/jobs
90. Improved failure message
91. $ bin/rails t Run options: --seed 51858 # Running: .F Failure: PostsControllerTest#test_should_get_new: Expected response to be a <success>, but was a <302> redirect to <http://test.host/posts> bin/rails test test/controllers/posts_controller_test.rb:15 See the command which can be run as test for failed tests
92. Failing fast
93. $ bin/rails t -f Run options: -f --seed 59599 # Running: ..F Failure: PostsControllerTest#test_should_get_new: Expected response to be a <success>, but was a <302> redirect to <http://test.host/posts> bin/rails test test/controllers/posts_controller_test.rb:15 Interrupted. Exiting... Finished in 0.179125s, 16.7481 runs/s, 22.3308 assertions/s. 3 runs, 4 assertions, 1 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips Fail fast with -f switch
94. Backtrace
95. $ bin/rails t -b Error: PostsControllerTest#test_should_create_post: NameError: undefined local variable or method `boom' for #<PostsController: 0x007fc53c4eb868> /rails-5-test-runner-app/app/controllers/posts_controller.rb:29:in `create' /sources/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/ basic_implicit_render.rb:4:in `send_action' /sources/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:183:in `process_action' /sources/rails/actionpack/lib/action_controller/metal/rendering.rb:30:in `process_action' /sources/rails/actionpack/lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:20:in `block in process_action' /sources/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:126:in `call' ..... /sources/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/testing/assertions.rb: 71:in `assert_difference' /rails-5-test-runner-app/test/controllers/posts_controller_test.rb:19:in `block in <class:PostsControllerTest>' See complete backtrace with -b switch
96. Colored output
97. Can see coloured output now for our tests by default.
98. Controller tests Changes to controller tests in Rails 5.
99. assigns assert_template We used to use them in our tests.
100. assigns assert_template Deprecated in Rails 5. https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/18950
101. Why? https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/18950
102. gem ‘action-controller_testing’ Use this while upgrading old apps.
103. Controller tests are integration tests https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/22496
104. def test_index get :index assert_response :success end
105. def test_index get posts_url assert_response :success end Example of changed controller test. https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/22076
106. ActionController::TestCase In Rails 4.x this was the superclass for all controller tests.
107. ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest Now it is this one. Also a lot of effort has gone into making these tests faster. Action Controller tests may be deprecated and turned into a gem in Rails 5.1.
108. More focus on integration testing From Rails 5 onwards more focus is on doing integration testing.
109. caching changes to caching in Rails 5
110. http_cache_forever https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/18192
111. def index http_cache_forever do render ‘index’ end end https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/18394
112. Use it with caution! It will literally set the cache control headers for forever. Make sure that you are using it with static content only.
113. Collection Caching
114. @users = User.where(city: 'Pune')
115. No record is deleted. No record is added. This result does not change unless something is added or deleted.
116. Caching of collections Rails 5 allows caching of collections
117. ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_key https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/20884
118. @users.cache_key => "users/query-67ed32b36805123"
119. cache(@users) do ……… end
120. Limitations Doesn’t work well with limits and groups.
121. Partials caching https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/18900
122. # index.html.erb <%= render partial: 'todo', collection: @todos %> # _todo.html.erb <% cache todo do %> <%= todo.name %> <% end %>
123. multi_fetch_fragments gem https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/18948
124. Folded in Rails 5
125. # index.html.erb <%= render partial: 'todo', collection: @todos, cached: true %> # _todo.html.erb <% cache todo do %> <%= todo.name %> <% end %> Just pass `cached: true` and Rails will fetch all caches at once.
126. Caching Action Mailer views https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/22825
127. Active Record Changes to Active Record in Rails 5
128. ApplicationRecord ApplicationRecord is a new superclass for all app models, analogous to app controllers subclassing ApplicationController instead of ActionController::Base. This gives apps a single spot to configure app-wide model behavior
129. class Post < ActiveRecord::Base end
130. class Post < ApplicationRecord end in Rails 5 https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/22567
131. #or Added the #or method on ActiveRecord::Relation, allowing use of the OR operator to combine WHERE or HAVING clauses https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/b0b37942d729b6bdcd2e3178eda7fa1de203b3d0
132. Post.where('id = 1').or(Post.where('id = 2')) # => SELECT * FROM posts WHERE (id = 1) OR (id = 2)
133. has_secure_token Added ActiveRecord::SecureToken in order to encapsulate generation of unique tokens for attributes in a model using SecureRandom https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/18217
134. class User < ApplicationRecord has_secure_token end
135. >> user = User.new >> user.save => true >> user.token => 'qjCbex522DfVEVd5ysUWppWQ'
136. URL safe tokes are url safe
137. Fixed length strings and fixed length
138. Base 58 encoding
139. Regenerating also possible
140. >> user = User.first => <User id: 11, name: 'John', email: 'john@example.com', token: "jRMcN645BQyDr67yHR3qjsJF", token: "qjCbex522DfVEVd5ysUWppWQ"> >> user.token => "qjCbex522DfVEVd5ysUWppWQ" >> user.regenerate_token => true >> user.token => "tYYVjnCEd1LAXvmLCyyQFzbm"
141. Versioned migrations http://blog.bigbinary.com/2016/03/01/migrations-are-versioned-in-rails-5.html
142. Backward compatibility Migrations must be backward compatible across major Rails versions
143. But API must change But migrations API must change in major version too.
144. t.timestamps null: false For eg. in Rails 4.x
145. t.timestamps # Rails 5 But in Rails 5, there is no `null: false` still it adds `NULL` constraint when the migration is run in Rails 5.
146. Compatibility Layer So a compatibility layer is introduced for older migrations
147. ActiveRecord::Migration [5.0] Superclass of migrations in Rails 5. Tells Rails for which version this migration was generated.
148. Active Support Changes to Active Support
149. Improvements to Date/Time http://blog.bigbinary.com/2016/02/17/active-support-improvements-in-Rails-5.html
150. next_day/prev_day
151. Time.current => Fri, 12 Feb 2016 08:53:31 UTC +00:00 Time.current.next_day => Sat, 13 Feb 2016 08:53:31 UTC +00:00 Time.current.prev_day => Thu, 11 Feb 2016 08:53:31 UTC +00:00
152. next week with same time
153. Time.current => Fri, 12 Feb 2016 09:15:10 UTC +00:00 Time.current.next_week => Mon, 15 Feb 2016 00:00:00 UTC +00:00 Time.current.next_week(same_time: true) => Mon, 15 Feb 2016 09:15:20 UTC +00:00
154. on_weekend?
155. Time.current => Fri, 12 Feb 2016 09:47:40 UTC +00:00 Time.current.on_weekend? => false Time.current.tomorrow => Sat, 13 Feb 2016 09:48:47 UTC +00:00
156. on_weekday?
157. Time.current => Fri, 12 Feb 2016 09:47:40 UTC +00:00 Time.current.on_weekday? => true Time.current.tomorrow => Sat, 13 Feb 2016 09:48:47 UTC +00:00
158. Time.current => Fri, 12 Feb 2016 09:47:40 UTC +00:00 Time.current.next_weekday => Mon, 15 Feb 2016 09:55:14 UTC +00:00 Time.current.prev_weekday => Thu, 11 Feb 2016 09:55:33 UTC +00:00
159. Enumerable#pluck
160. users = [{id: 1, name: 'Max'}, {id: 2, name: 'Mark'}, {id: 3, name: 'Jen'}] users.pluck(:name) => ["Max", "Mark", "Jen"]
161. users = [{id: 1, name: 'Max'}, {id: 2, name: 'Mark'}, {id: 3, name: 'Jen'}] users.pluck(:id, :name) => [[1, "Max"], [2, "Mark"], [3, "Jen"]]
162. Improvement to Active Record’s pluck It also makes Active Record’s pluck perform better.
163. # In Rails 4.x users = User.all SELECT `users`.* FROM `users` users.pluck(:id, :name) # SELECT "users"."id", "users"."name" FROM “users" => [[1, "Max"], [2, "Mark"], [3, "George"]]
164. # In Rails 5 users = User.all SELECT `users`.* FROM `users` users.pluck(:id, :name) => [[1, "Max"], [2, "Mark"], [3, "George"]]
165. Enumerable#without
166. vehicles = ['Car', 'Bike', 'Truck', 'Bus'] vehicles.without("Car", "Bike") => ["Truck", "Bus"]
167. vehicles = {car: 'Hyundai', bike: 'Honda', bus: 'Mercedes', truck: 'Tata'} vehicles.without(:bike, :bus) => {:car=>"Hyundai", :truck=>"Tata"}
168. Halting callback chain Changed the way in which callback chains can be halted. The preferred method to halt a callback chain from now on is to explicitly throw(:abort). https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/17227
169. return false from one of the `before` callbacks In Rails 4, if we return false from any of the before_ filters, the entire callback chain used to stop.
170. Stop entire callback chain
171. Rails 5 no longer has this side effect! No longer stops in Rails 5.
172. throw(:abort) Explicitly throw(:abort) to stop it.
173. While upgrading, it will still halt For older apps getting upgraded to Rails 5, the callback will still halt with returning false. as this is a breaking change.
174. ActiveSupport.halt_callback_chains_on_return_false Once you are ready, toggle this flag and it will use new behaviour of throw.
175. Performance Some PRs which specifically improved performance in Rails 5.
181. https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/21057 https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/18643 https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/21411 https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/21155 https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/20946
182. And more… There is lot more than this in Rails 5.
183. Attributes API https://speakerdeck.com/sgrif/designing-a-great-ruby-api-how-were-simplifying-rails-5
184. Sprockets 3/4 https://github.com/rails/sprockets/blob/3.x/UPGRADING.md
185. Turbolinks 5 https://github.com/turbolinks/turbolinks
186. What’s next? Where to go from here?
187. rubyonrails.org/doctrine/ If you are new to Rails, check out the Rails Doctrine to understand philosophy behind Rails.
188. 5.0.0.RC1 If you have an existing app, try upgrading Rails 5.0.0RC1 when it is out.
189. weblog.rubyonrails.org Checkout Rails blog for new release announcements
190. @rails Rails twitter handle
191. github.com/rails/rails Daily news of what happens in Rails world. Subscribe to issues to get more details.
192. This week in Rails Rails newsletter.
193. rails-weekly.goodbits.io Weekly scoop of things happened in Rails world.
194. blog.bigbinary.com/categories/ Rails%205 Our own blog series about new features in Rails 5.
195. Try RC
196. Report bugs
197. Fix bugs!
198. Let’s make Rails better
199. Thank you! @_cha1tanya @BigBinary @Srijan