Deep Neural Networks for Video Applications by Alex Conway

Most CCTV video cameras exist as a sort of time machine for insurance purposes. Deep neural networks make it easy to convert video into actionable data which can be used to trigger real-time anomaly alerts and optimize complex business processes. In addition to commercial applications, deep learning can be used to analyze large amounts of video recorded from the point of view of animals to study complex behavior patterns impossible to otherwise analyze. This talk will present some theory of deep neural networks for video applications as well as academic research and several applied real-world industrial examples, with code examples in python.

Transcript

1. DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS Alex Conway alex @ numberboost.com PYCONZA Keynote 2019 Neither confidential nor proprietary - please distribute ;) for Video Applications
2. 2016 MultiChoice Innovation Competition 1st Prize Winners 2017 Mercedes-Benz Innovation Competition 1st Prize Winners 2018 Lloyd’s Register Innovation Competition 1st Prize Winners 2019 NTT & Dimension Data Innovation Competition 1st Prize Winners
3. HANDS UP!
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gz0QZP2RKWA
8. https://twitter.com/goodfellow_ian/status/1084973596236144640
9. 9 https://twitter.com/quasimondo/status/1100016467213516801
10. 10 https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=youtu.be&v=r6zZPn-6dPY&app=desktop
11. ORIGINAL FILM Rear Window (1954) PIX2PIX MODEL OUTPUT Fully Automated RE-MASTERED BY HAND Painstakingly https://hackernoon.com/remastering-classic-films-in- tensorflow-with-pix2pix-f4d551fa0503
12. INPUT OUTPUT ORIGINAL https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/02/google-brain-super-resolution-zoom-enhance/
13. https://techcrunch.com/2016/06/20/twitter-is-buying-magic-pony-technology-which-uses-neural-networks- to-improve-images/
14. https:/ /arxiv.org/abs/1508.06576 CONTENT IMAGE STYLE IMAGE STYLE TRANSFER OUTPUT + =
15. https://github.com/junyanz/CycleGAN 15
16. https://news.developer.nvidia.com/ai-can-transform-anyone-into-a-professional-dancer/
17. https://github.com/JoYoungjoo/SC-FEGAN
18. https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6498172448196820993
19. https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/gydydm/gal-gadot-fake-ai-porn
20. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVBe6_o4cMI
21. https://twitter.com/XHNews/status/1098173090448629760
22. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aE1kA0Jy0Xg
23. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhp47v5OBXQ
25. https://www.reddit.com/r/Cyberpunk/comments/ddplms/hk_wearable_face_projector_to_avoid_face/
26. https://twitter.com/x0rz/status/1104744170529439744
40. f (video) = useful data
41. f (video) = useful data
43. f (video) = clip label
44. f (video) = frame label
45. f (video) = object count
46. f (video) = object activity
47. f (video) = object poses
48. f (video) = facial expressions
49. f (video) = higher res video
50. f (video) = video with new faces
51. Neural Networks Crash Course
52. NEURAL NETWORKS Set of connected Neurons with randomly initialized weights and non-linear activation functions connected in a Network that are optimized (learned) using training data to minimize prediction error
53. http://playground.tensorflow.org http://playground.tensorflow.org
54. WHAT IS A NEURON?
55. LINEAR
56. NON-LINEAR
57. NON-LINEAR ACTIVATION FUNCTIONS Tanh Sigmoid ReLU
58. Inputs outputs hidden layer 1 hidden layer 2 hidden layer 3 Note: Outputs of one layer are inputs into the next layer This (non-convolutional) architecture is called a “multi-layered perceptron” (DEEP) NEURAL NETWORKS
59. HOW DOES A NEURAL NETWORK LEARN? New weight = Old weight Learning rate - ( ) x “How much error increases when we increase this weight”
60. GRADIENT DESCENT http://scs.ryerson.ca/~aharley/neural-networks/
61. 1 1, 3, 3, 7, … [[1, 2, 3 ] [3, 2, 1] [3, 4, 5] [7, 8, 9] …] [[1, 2, 3 ] [3, 2, 1] [3, 4, 5] [7, 8, 9] …] [[1, 2, 3 ] [3, 2, 1] [3, 4, 5] [7, 8, 9] …]
63. image tensor 500 x 500 x 3 = 750’000 60 second video at 10 FPS tensor 500 x 500 x 3 x 10 x 60 = 450’000’000
65. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)
67. INPUT 28 x 28 pixel grayscale images = 784 numbers
68. 2 LAYER NEURAL NETWORK 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
69. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aircAruvnKk 3 LAYER NEURAL NETWORK
70. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aircAruvnKk 3 LAYER NEURAL NETWORK
71. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aircAruvnKk 3 LAYER NEURAL NETWORK
72. https://github.com/fchollet/keras/blob/master/examples/mnist_cnn.py (99.25% test accuracy in 192 seconds and 46 lines of code)
75. 3 KEY CONVOLUTIONAL NETWORK ARCHITECTURE IDEAS: 1. Local receptive fields 2. Shared weights 3. Subsampling
76. 76 VGGNet
77. http://setosa.io/ev/image-kernels
78. 78 http://deeplearning.net/software/theano/tutorial/conv_arithmetic.html
80. 80 Zeiler, M.D. and Fergus, R., 2014, September. Visualizing and understanding convolutional networks. In European conference on computer vision (pp. 818-833).
81. 81 Zeiler, M.D. and Fergus, R., 2014, September. Visualizing and understanding convolutional networks. In European conference on computer vision (pp. 818-833).
82. Convolutional Nets Learn Hierarchical Features 82
83. SUBSAMPLING aka “POOLING” 83
84. 84 VGGNet
86. we need labelled training data
87. 14,197,122 images, 21841 synsets indexed ILSVRC: 1‘200‘000 images, 1000 categories ImageNet
89. 89 ImageNet
90. 90 ImageNet
91. IMAGENET TOP-5 ERROR RATE Traditional Image Processing Methods AlexNet 8 Layers ZFNet 8 Layers GoogLeNet 22 Layers ResNet 152 Layers SENet Ensamble TSNet Ensamble
93. https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.01578
95. 95 https://blog.keras.io/building-powerful-image-classification-models-using-very-little-data.html
96. Example: Use CNN to Classify Product Images 96 https://github.com/alexcnwy/ DeepLearning4ComputerVision
98. TRANSFER LEARNING
99. 99 USING A CNN AS A FEATURE EXTRACTOR Feature Extractor (“ENCODER”) Classifier
100. Extracting Features from an Image
101. feature vector = f ( )
102. Adding a New Classifier
103. Fine-tuning A CNN To Solve A New Problem 96.3% accuracy in under 2 minutes for classifying products into categories (WITH ONLY 3467 TRAINING IMAGES!!1!)
104. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4Q6C915sUY
105. https://www.pyimagesearch.com/2019/06/03/fine- tuning-with-keras-and-deep-learning/
106. IMAGE & VIDEO MODERATION TODO 106
107. Object Detection
111. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VOC3huqHrss
112. 1.5 million object instances 80 object categories http://cocodataset.org
113. https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/master/research /object_detection/g3doc/detection_model_zoo.md
114. DEMO (HOLD THUMBS)
115. https://github.com/tzutalin/labelImg CUSTOM OBJECT DETECTION
117. https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-train-your-own-object- detector-with-tensorflows-object-detector-api-bec72ecfe1d9
123. CNN … P(A) = 0.005 P(B) = 0.002 P(C) = 0.98 P(9) = 0.001 P(0) = 0.03
134. https://www.reddit.com/r/southafrica/comments/asl4n5/when_a_l ittle_is_just_not_enough/
136. https://www.pyimagesearch.com/2018/07/23/simple-object-tracking-with-opencv/ ID #2 ID #1 “CENTROID TRACKING”
137. https://www.pyimagesearch.com/2018/07/23/simple-object-tracking-with-opencv/ “CENTROID TRACKING”
138. https://www.pyimagesearch.com/2018/07/23/simple-object-tracking-with-opencv/ “CENTROID TRACKING” For each object with ID in frame t, compute distance to centroid of every object in frame t + 1 and assign same ID provided distance less than threshold, else assign new ID
139. https://www.pyimagesearch.com/2018/07/23/simple-object-tracking-with-opencv/ “CENTROID TRACKING”
140. https://www.pyimagesearch.com/2018/07/23/simple-object-tracking-with-opencv/ ID #1 ID #2 “CENTROID TRACKING”
141. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FfU22I-_dI4
142. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NW-rXqCl7us
143. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)
146. SPATIO-TEMPORAL
148. SPORTS 1-M
149. SPATIAL … THEN TEMPORAL
150. 150 http://colah.github.io/posts/2015-08-Understanding-LSTMs/
151. feature vector = f ( )
153. Frame model accuracy <<< Video model accuracy
156. https://i.imgur.com/mGXdpdp.gifv
158. Frame-level Action Recognition (7 classes)
159. Frame model accuracy <<< Video model accuracy
161. 161 https://github.com/alxcnwy/Deep-Neural-Networks- for-Video-Classification
162. MORE (CRAZY) APPLICATIONS
163. XXX 163 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UeheTiBJ0Io VIDEO Q&A
164. XXX 164 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UeheTiBJ0Io VIDEO Q&A
165. 165 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UeheTiBJ0Io VIDEO Q&A
167. https://github.com/wuhuikai/FaceSwap FACE SWAP
169. Few-Shot Adversarial Learning of Realistic Neural Talking Head Models https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1b5aiTrGzY
170. Few-Shot Adversarial Learning of Realistic Neural Talking Head Models https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1b5aiTrGzY
171. Few-Shot Adversarial Learning of Realistic Neural Talking Head Models Network 1: CNN embedder compresses faces & landmarks to vector
172. Few-Shot Adversarial Learning of Realistic Neural Talking Head Models Network 2: Generator takes landmarks and synthesizes photo
173. Few-Shot Adversarial Learning of Realistic Neural Talking Head Models Network 3: Discriminator learns to tell apart real and synthesized photos
174. POSE ESTIMATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pW6nZXeWlGM
175. POSE ESTIMATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pW6nZXeWlGM
176. POSE ESTIMATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pW6nZXeWlGM
177. POSE ESTIMATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pW6nZXeWlGM
178. POSE ESTIMATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pW6nZXeWlGM
179. https://github.com/CMU-Perceptual-Computing-Lab/openpose
180. https://www.affectiva.com/product/affectiva- automotive-ai-for-driver-monitoring-solutions/ DISTRACTED DRIVING DETECTION
181. SELF-DRIVING CARS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nuMQ4LNMWu8
182. https://arstechnica.com/cars/2019/08/elon-musk-says- driverless-cars-dont-need-lidar-experts-arent-so-sure/
183. REMEMBER
184. f (video) = useful data
185. Don’t be scared to git clone functions and use deep learning!
186. Deep Learning Indaba http://www.deeplearningindaba.com Jeremy Howard & Rachel Thomas http://course.fast.ai Andrej Karpathy’s Class on Computer Vision http://cs231n.github.io Richard Socher’s Class on NLP (great RNN resource) http://web.stanford.edu/class/cs224n/ Keras docs https://keras.io/ GREAT FREE RESOURCES
187. THANK YOU! @alxcnwy alex @ numberboost.com