Groupthink

Transcript

2. DEFINITION PHENOMENON THAT OCCURS WHEN MEMBERS OF A COHESIVE GROUP ARE CONCERNED WITH QUICKLY REACHING A CONSENSUS IN THEIR DECISION MAKING WITHOUT CRITICALLY ANALYZING AND EVALUATING IDEAS.
3. ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR • WHAT HAPPENED? • WAS A SURPRISE, PREEMPTIVE MILITARY STRIKE BY THE IMPERIAL JAPANESE NAVY AIR SERVICE UPON THE UNITED STATES • THE ATTACK LED TO THE UNITED STATES' FORMAL ENTRY INTO WORLD WAR II THE NEXT DAY. • 68 KILLED 35 WOUNDED
4. Illusions of invulnerability creating excessive optimism and encouraging risk taking Rationalizing warnings that might challenge the group’s assumptions. SYMPTOMPS OF GROUPTHINK
5. Ignore that had a tendency to launch attack before declaring war • The military confirmed his theory that aircrafts attacking from the Pacific would be undetected & would break havoc on the harbor. • Despite these results, the military refused to reexamine their defenses • US underestimated Japanese intentions and continued sending scrap iron, and other raw materials to Japan. • 9 years before the bombing, Admiral Frank Schofield anticipated a possible attack from Hawaii to Pacific
6. STRATEGIES FOR OVERCOMING THE TENDENCY OF GROUPTHINK Allow Allow for independent evaluation Gather Gather outside opinions Assign Assign the role of devil’s advocate Encourage Encourage conflict and debate