What's new in Ruby on Rails 5.2

Active Storage / Current attributes / Encrypted configuration

Transcript

1. What’s new in

   Ruby on Rails 5.2
   @ryohashimoto
   

   View Slide

2. Rails 5.2ʹೖΓͦ͏ͳ৽ػೳ
   • Current attributes
   • Encrypted configuration
   • Active Storage
   

   View Slide

3. Current attributes
   • Current͸ϦΫΤετͷલޙͰϦηοτ͞ΕΔ
   ม਺
   • ֤ϦΫΤετͰڞ௨ͳॲཧͷ݁ՌΛ୅ೖ͢Δͷ
   ʹ࢖༻
   • ྫʣϩάΠϯதͷϢʔβʔ৘ใΛೖΕΔ

   ʢCurrent.user / Current.user_agentʣ
   

   View Slide

4. module Authentication
   extend ActiveSupport::Concern
   included do
   before_action :authenticate
   end
   private
   def authenticate
   if authenticated_user = User.find_by(id:
   cookies.encrypted[:user_id])
   Current.user = authenticated_user
   else
   redirect_to new_session_url
   end
   end
   end
   

   View Slide

5. module SetCurrentRequestDetails
   extend ActiveSupport::Concern
   included do
   before_action do
   Current.request_id = request.uuid
   Current.user_agent = request.user_agent
   Current.ip_address = request.ip
   end
   end
   end
   class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
   include Authentication
   include SetCurrentRequestDetails
   end
   

   View Slide

6. Encrypted configuration

   (config/credentials.yml.enc)
   • ػີ৘ใΛ1ͭͷϑΝΠϧ಺ʹ҉߸Խͯ֨͠ೲ
   • config/secrets.yml, SECRET_BASE_KEYΛγϯ
   ϓϧʹஔ͖׵͑Δ΋ͷ
   • ؀ڥม਺ RAILS_MASTER_KEY Ͱ෮߸ԽͰ͖Δ
   • rails credentials:edit ͰฤूΛߦ͏
   

   View Slide

7. config/credentials.yml.encͷத਎
   # aws:
   # access_key_id: 123
   # secret_access_key: 345
   # Used as the base secret for all MessageVerifiers in
   Rails, including the one protecting cookies.
   secret_key_base:
   b4e08f4b6314eaab0d52c5cafcf51f6c38f0160d82c05bae2007d
   d9fb08f3efec68fca32a0ec473a653a84259b461165443b17c15e
   5666b3924c3afc78730e9c
   

   View Slide

8. Active Storage
   • Ϋϥ΢υʹϑΝΠϧΛΞοϓϩʔυ͕Մೳ
   (Amazon S3, Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure)
   • ϞσϧʹΫϥ΢υ্ͷϑΝΠϧΛؔ࿈͚ͮ
   • Railsαʔόʔ͔Β΋JavascriptΫϥΠΞϯτ͔Β
   ΋Ξοϓϩʔυ͕Մೳ
   • ը૾ͷม׵ॲཧ΋ՄೳʢMiniMagickʣ
   

   View Slide

9. طଘͷΞοϓϩʔυGemͱͷҧ͍
   • ֤ϞσϧʹΞοϓϩʔυ͢ΔϑΝΠϧͷ৘ใΛ
   ࣋ͨͳ͍ʢϑΝΠϧͱͷඥ෇͚ʹதؒςʔϒϧ
   Λར༻ʣ
   • RailsͷPolymorphicؔ࿈ɺMountable Engineɺ
   Active JobͳͲΛ׆͔ͯ͠࡞ΒΕ͍ͯΔ
   • μΠϨΫτΞοϓϩʔυ͕Մೳ
   

   View Slide

10. Active StorageΛ࢖༻͢Δʹ͸
    • Rails 5.2Ͱ͸Gemͷ௥Ճ͸ෆཁ
    rails active_storage:install
    rails db:migrate
    ্هͰBlob / AttachmentϞσϧͰ࢖༻͢Δςʔ
    ϒϧ͕DB্ʹ࡞੒͞ΕΔ
    

    View Slide

11. Blob / AttachmentϞσϧ
    • Blob
    • ϑΝΠϧ৘ใʢContent-TypeɺαΠζɺࣝผ༻
    ͷkey΍ϝλσʔλͳͲʣΛ֨ೲ
    • Attachment
    • ϑΝΠϧͱଞͷϞσϧͱͷؔ࿈͚ͮ༻ͷ

    தؒςʔϒϧ
    

    View Slide

12. Migrations (1) Blob
    class CreateActiveStorageTables < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.2]
    def change
    create_table :active_storage_blobs do |t|
    t.string :key, null: false
    t.string :filename, null: false
    t.string :content_type
    t.text :metadata
    t.bigint :byte_size, null: false
    t.string :checksum, null: false
    t.datetime :created_at, null: false
    t.index [ :key ], unique: true
    end
    ...
    end
    end
    

    View Slide

13. Migrations (2) Attachment
    class CreateActiveStorageTables < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.2]
    def change
    ...
    create_table :active_storage_attachments do |t|
    t.string :name, null: false
    t.references :record, null: false,
    polymorphic: true, index: false
    t.references :blob, null: false
    t.datetime :created_at, null: false
    t.index [:record_type, :record_id, :name, :blob_id],
    name: "index_active_storage_attachments_uniqueness",
    unique: true
    end
    end
    end
    

    View Slide

14. Blob / Attachmentͱͷؔ࿈
    Article
    (Record)
    Attachment Blob
    class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
    has_many_attached :images
    class ActiveRecord::Attachment < ActiveRecord::Base
    belongs_to :record, polymorphic: true
    belongs_to :blob
    class ActiveRecord::Blob < ActiveRecord::Base
    has_many :attachments
    

    View Slide

15. has_many_attached
    class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
    has_many_attached :images
    # ಺෦తʹ͸ҎԼͷΑ͏ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ
    has_many :images_attachments,
    -> { where(name: images) }, as: :record
    has_many :images_blobs,
    through: :images_attachments,
    class_name: "ActiveStorage::Blob",
    source: :blob
    

    View Slide

16. ը૾ϑΝΠϧͷૹ৴ͱදࣔ
    • View (ϑΥʔϜ)
    <%= form.file_field :avatar %>
    • Controller
    @user.attach(params[:user][:avatar])
    • View (දࣔʣ
    <%= image_tag url_for(@user.avatar) %>
    

    View Slide

17. ࣮ࡍʹ࢖ͬͯΈ·ͨ͠
    

    View Slide

18. Amazon S3Ͱ࢖͏ʹ͸
    • gem 'aws-sdk-s3'
    • config.active_storage.service = :amazon
    • ֤؀ڥຖʹઃఆ
    • config/storage.ymlͰAWSʹΞΫηεͰ͖Δ
    ػີ৘ใʢΛಡΈࠐΉํ๏ʣΛࢦఆ
    

    View Slide

19. config/storage.yml
    test:
    service: Disk
    root: <%= Rails.root.join("tmp/storage") %>
    local:
    service: Disk
    root: <%= Rails.root.join("storage") %>
    # Use rails credentials:edit to set the AWS secrets (as
    aws:access_key_id|secret_access_key)
    amazon:
    service: S3
    access_key_id: <%=
    Rails.application.credentials.dig(:aws, :access_key_id) %>
    secret_access_key: <%=
    Rails.application.credentials.dig(:aws, :secret_access_key) %>
    region: us-east-1
    bucket: your_own_bucket
    

    View Slide

20. ࣮ࡍʹ࢖ͬͯΈ·ͨ͠
    

    View Slide

21. μΠϨΫτΞοϓϩʔυ
    • ϒϥ΢βʢJavaScriptΫϥΠΞϯτʣ͔Β௚઀
    Ϋϥ΢υʹΞοϓϩʔυͰ͖Δ
    • Webαʔόʔ΍ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯαʔόʔʹհ
    ͞ͳ͍ʢෛ୲Λ͔͚ͳ͍ʣͷͰɺߴ଎
    • HerokuͳͲΞϓϦέʔγϣϯαʔόͷσΟεΫ
    ༰ྔ͕খ͍͞৔߹ʹ΋࢖༻Ͱ͖Δ
    

    View Slide

22. μΠϨΫτΞοϓϩʔυΛ࢖͏ʹ͸
    • activestorage.jsΛ૊ΈࠐΉ
    • Asset PipelineͰ࢖༻͢Δ৔߹ʢnpm΋͋Δʣ

    //= require activestorage
    • ϑΥʔϜϔϧύͰdirect_upload: trueΛࢦఆ͢Δ
    <%= form.file_field :avatar, direct_upload: true
    %>
    

    View Slide

23. ΍ͬͯΈ͚ͨͲಈ͔ͳ͔ͬͨ
    • S3ʹΞοϓϩʔυ͸੒ޭ͍ͯ͠Δ
    

    View Slide

24. ·ͱΊ (1)
    • Current Attributes
    • ֤ϦΫΤετͰڞ௨ͳॲཧͷ݁ՌΛೖΕΔ͜
    ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ
    • Encrypted configuration
    • ҉߸Խͨ͠1ͭͷϑΝΠϧʹػີ৘ใΛอଘ͢
    Δ
    

    View Slide

25. ·ͱΊ (2)
    • Active Storage
    • Rails 5.2ͰGemͷ௥Ճͳ͘࢖͑ΔϑΝΠϧ
    Ξοϓϩʔυػೳ
    • ݱ࣌఺Ͱ΋ϩʔΧϧͰͷ։ൃɺAmazon S3
    ΁ͷΞοϓϩʔυ͸Մೳ
    

    View Slide