Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
本番運用を想定したDjango settings.pyの書き方入門(OSC Fall 2021...
Search
Ryuji Tsutsui
October 23, 2021
Technology
1
1.3k
本番運用を想定したDjango settings.pyの書き方入門(OSC Fall 2021 version)
オープンソースカンファレンス2021 Fall
資料
Ryuji Tsutsui
October 23, 2021
Tweet
Share
More Decks by Ryuji Tsutsui
See All by Ryuji Tsutsui
本番運用を想定したDjango settings.pyの書き方入門
ryu22e
1
2.4k
os.makedirsの細かすぎるセキュリティの話
ryu22e
0
53
HashiCorpの新ツール 「Waypoint」をCloud Runで使ってみた
ryu22e
0
430
Pythonチュートリアルイベント「Python Boot Camp」の紹介
ryu22e
0
180
Pythonとコミュニティと私
ryu22e
0
110
Other Decks in Technology
See All in Technology
fukabori.fm 出張版: 売上高617億円と高稼働率を陰で支えた社内ツール開発のあれこれ話 / 20250704 Yoshimasa Iwase & Tomoo Morikawa
shift_evolve
PRO
2
7.6k
ゼロからはじめる採用広報
yutadayo
3
910
ビギナーであり続ける/beginning
ikuodanaka
3
750
american airlines®️ USA Contact Numbers: Complete 2025 Support Guide
supportflight
1
110
Zero Data Loss Autonomous Recovery Service サービス概要
oracle4engineer
PRO
2
7.7k
品質と速度の両立:生成AI時代の品質保証アプローチ
odasho
1
340
開発生産性を測る前にやるべきこと - 組織改善の実践 / Before Measuring Dev Productivity
kaonavi
9
4.2k
AIの全社活用を推進するための安全なレールを敷いた話
shoheimitani
2
510
Core Audio tapを使ったリアルタイム音声処理のお話
yuta0306
0
190
「クラウドコスト絶対削減」を支える技術—FinOpsを超えた徹底的なクラウドコスト削減の実践論
delta_tech
4
170
IPA&AWSダブル全冠が明かす、人生を変えた勉強法のすべて
iwamot
PRO
2
120
Sansanのデータプロダクトマネジメントのアプローチ
sansantech
PRO
0
150
Featured
See All Featured
Let's Do A Bunch of Simple Stuff to Make Websites Faster
chriscoyier
507
140k
Why Our Code Smells
bkeepers
PRO
336
57k
Facilitating Awesome Meetings
lara
54
6.4k
Embracing the Ebb and Flow
colly
86
4.7k
Agile that works and the tools we love
rasmusluckow
329
21k
Designing Experiences People Love
moore
142
24k
Become a Pro
speakerdeck
PRO
29
5.4k
XXLCSS - How to scale CSS and keep your sanity
sugarenia
248
1.3M
Making the Leap to Tech Lead
cromwellryan
134
9.4k
The Power of CSS Pseudo Elements
geoffreycrofte
77
5.9k
The Cost Of JavaScript in 2023
addyosmani
51
8.5k
GitHub's CSS Performance
jonrohan
1031
460k
Transcript
ຊ൪ӡ༻Λఆͨ͠ Django settings.pyͷॻ͖ ํೖ Ryuji Tsutsui Open Source Conference 2021
Online/Fallࢿྉ 2021/10/23
ࣗݾհ • Ryuji Tsutsui@ryu22e • Ұൠࣾஂ๏ਓPyCon JP Association͔Βདྷ·ͨ͠ • ීஈຊͷϑΟϯςοΫܥاۀͰDjangoΛͬͯWebαʔϏε
Λ࡞͍ͬͯ·͢ • Djangoྺ8͙Β͍ • Python Boot CampίΞελοϑͱͯ͠׆ಈ͍ͯ͠·͢
ຊͷએ ٕज़ධࣾץʰPython࣮ફϨγϐʱΛࣥචத 20221݄ൃച༧ఆ ϖʔδ: ະఆ ֹۚ: ະఆ ʮPythonϥΠϒϥϦݫબϨγϐʯΛେ෯ʹՃ චɺվగ!!!
ࠓ͢͜ͱ • ຊ൪ڥͰ͑ΔDjangoΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷઃܭʹ͍ͭͯɺ Έͳ͞ΜͱϊϋΛز͔ͭڞ༗͠·͢ • ࠓճsettings.pyʢDjangoͷઃఆϑΝΠϧʣͷॻ͖ํʹ͍ͭͯ͠ ·͢
ओʹ3ʹ͍ͭͯ͠·͢ • 1. ֤ڥ༻ͷઃఆ • 2. ൿີͷͷॻ͖ํ • 3. ϩάઃఆ
͜Μͳਓ͚ͷηογϣϯͰ͢ • ʮDjangoͷνϡʔτϦΞϧ͙Β͍ͬͨ͜ͱ͕͋Δ͚Ͳຊ൪ڥ Ͱಈ͔͢ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ࡞ͬͨ͜ͱͳ͍ʯͱ͍͏ਓ͚Ͱ͢
ʢ·͓ͣ͞Β͍ʣ settings.pyͬͯԿ͚ͩͬʁ
settings.pyͱʁ $ django-admin startproject django_example $ cd django_example $ tree
django_example django_example !"" __init__.py !"" asgi.py !"" settings.py !"" urls.py #"" wsgi.py %KBOHPϓϩδΣΫτશମͰࢀরͰ͖Δάϩʔόϧͳ ఆΛఆٛͰ͖Δ
settings.pyͷॻ͖ํ DEBUG = True LANGUAGE_CODE = 'ja' TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
ී௨ʹ1ZUIPOͷఆΛॻ͚ͩ͘
settings.pyʹॻ͍ͨઃఆΛݺͼग़͢ํ๏ >>> from django.conf import settings >>> settings.DEBUG True >>>
settings.LANGUAGE_CODE 'ja' EKBOHPDPOGTFUUJOHTΛܦ༝ͯ͠ݺͼ·͢
1. ֤ڥ༻ͷઃఆ
͜Μͳ࣌Ͳ͏͢Ε͍͍ͷͩΖ͏…ʁ INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'debug_toolbar', # ։ൃڥ͔͠Θͳ͍ઃఆ ] ALLOWED_HOSTS = [ 'example.com', # ຊ൪ڥ͔͠Θͳ͍ઃఆ ] ։ൃڥɾຊ൪ڥͲͪΒʹͱͬͯෆཁͳઃఆ ؚ͕·Ε͍ͯΔʜ
ΞϓϦىಈલʹෆཁͳߦΛίϝϯτΞτ͢Δʁ INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
# 'debug_toolbar', # ։ൃڥ͔͠Θͳ͍ઃఆ ] ALLOWED_HOSTS = [ 'example.com', # ຊ൪ڥ͔͠Θͳ͍ઃఆ ] ϛε͕͋Γͦ͏ͳͷͰΓͨ͘ͳ͍
༗ޮແޮΛΓସ͑ΔΦϓγϣϯΛ༻ҙ͢Δʁ MODE = ... # ڥม͔MODEΛఆٛͨ͠ผͷϑΝΠϧΛಡΈࠐΉ INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth', # ʢলུʣ ] if MODE == 'local': INSTALLED_APPS += ['debug_toolbar'] ίϝϯτΞτΑΓΦϖϛεͷՄ ೳੑͦ͏͚ͩͲʜ
༗ޮແޮΛΓସ͑ΔΦϓγϣϯΛ༻ҙ͢Δʁ if MODE == 'local': INSTALLED_APPS.append('debug_toolbar') if MODE == 'production':
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['example.com'] elif MODE == 'staging': ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['staging.example.com'] else: ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*'] if MODE == 'staging': ... Φϓγϣϯ͕૿͑Δͱઃఆ͕ෳࡶԽ ͦ͠͏
͜Μͳ࣌ઃఆϑΝΠϧΛڥ͝ͱʹ͚· ͠ΐ͏
͜ͷΑ͏ͳߏ͕͓קΊ django_example #"" settings # settings.py͕͋ͬͨॴʹ͜ΕΛ࡞Δ !"" __init__.py !"" base.py
# ͯ͢ͷڥͰ͏ڞ௨ͷઃఆ !"" local.py # ։ൃڥ༻ͷઃఆ !"" production.py # ຊ൪ڥ༻ͷઃఆ #"" staging.py # εςʔδϯάڥ༻ͷઃఆ TFUUJOHTQZফ͢
֤ϑΝΠϧͷ༰ INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', # ʢলུʣ ] ROOT_URLCONF
= 'django_example.urls' WSGI_APPLICATION = 'django_example.wsgi.application' base.pyʢڞ௨ͷઃఆʣ
from .base import * DEBUG = False ALLOWED_HOSTS = [
'staging.example.com', ] ֤ϑΝΠϧͷ༰ from .base import * DEBUG = False ALLOWED_HOSTS = [ 'example.com', ] from .base import * DEBUG = True INSTALLED_APPS += ['debug_toolbar'] stagings.pyʢεςʔδϯάڥ༻ʣ local.pyʢ։ൃڥ༻ʣ production.pyʢຊ൪ڥ༻ʣ ͜͜Ͱڞ௨ͷઃఆ ΛಡΈࠐΉ
Ͳ͏ͬͯ͏ઃఆϑΝΠϧΛΓସ͑Δ͔ • ڥมDJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULEΛ͍·͠ΐ͏ • ྫ͑ɺຊ൪ڥͳΒ͜͏͠·͢ • DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE="django_example.settings.production" • ϑΝΠϧύεͰͳͯ͘Pythonͷimportจʹॻ͘ͱ͖ͷυοτͰܨ͛ͨॻ͖ ํͰ͋Δ͜ͱʹҙ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞
• Ұ࣌తʹ͏ઃఆϑΝΠϧΛΓସ͍͑ͨͳΒɺDjangoίϚϯυʹ--settings ΦϓγϣϯΛࢦఆ͠·͢
ڥมΛͲ͜ʹઃఆ͢Ε͍͍͔ʁ • ͍ͬͯΔϓϥοτϑΥʔϜʢΦϯϓϨ or ΫϥυʣʹΑͬͯҧ͏ ͷͰɺҰ֓ʹ͜Εɺͱ͍͏ͷݴ͑·ͤΜ͕ɺز͔ͭྫΛڍ͛·͢
ڥมͷઃఆํ๏ྫ • .bashrcʹʮexport DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE="..."ʯΛॻ͍͓ͯ ͘ • systemdͷEnvironmentFileΛར༻͢Δ • AWS Systems
Manager ύϥϝʔλετΞΛར༻͢Δ • Google Cloud Secret ManagerΛར༻͢Δ
manage.pyͷฤू͕ඞཁ #!/usr/bin/env python """Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks.""" import
os import sys def main(): """Run administrative tasks.""" os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'django_example.settings') # ʢলུʣ ͜͜ΛʮEKBOHP@FYBNQMFTFUUJOHTMPDBMʯʹมߋ
2. ൿີͷͷॻ͖ํ
͜ΜͳઃఆΛॻ͍͍͚ͯͳ͍ʂ
ͪͳΈʹGitHubͰࠓͷίʔυΛެ։͢Δͱ͜Μͳϝʔϧ͕ಧ͖·͢
ൿີͷڥม͔ΒಡΈऔΔΑ͏ʹ import os AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = os.environ.get( "DJANGO_AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID" ) ͨͩɺ͜ͷॻ͖ํͩͱڥมͷઃఆ࿙Εͷࡍʹ /POF͕ೖͬͯ͠·͏ͷͰɺ͏ͻͱඞཁ
ඞਢͷڥมͲ͏ͬͯॻ͘ʁ import os from django.core.exception import ImproperlyConfigured # os.environʹ֘͢Δ͕ͳ͚Εྫ֎Λૹग़͢ΔؔΛ࡞Δ def
get_env_variable(var_name): try: os.environ[var_name] except KeyError: # os.environʹ֘͢ΔΩʔ͕ͳ͍߹ʹԿͷΩʔ͕Γͳ͍͔Λྫ֎ϝοηʔδʹؚΉ error_msg = "Set the {} environment variable".format(var_name) raise ImproperlyConfigured(error_msg) Ҿ༻ݩʮ5XP4DPPQTPG%KBOHPYʯ ϖʔδ
͜ΜͳϥΠϒϥϦ͓קΊ • django-environ • PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/django-environ/ • EnvΫϥεܦ༝ͰڥมΛݺͼग़͢ͱɺઃఆ࿙ΕΛݕग़Ͱ͖· ͢ɻ •
bool, intͳͲܕมͬͯ͘Ε·͢ɻ
3. ϩάઃఆ
DjangoͷϩάઃఆͷΓํ • LOGGINGͱ͍͏߲ʹࣙॻܕͰઃఆΛॻ͖·͢ • ʢͬ͘͟Γઆ໌͢ΔͱʣϩάΛͲ͜ʹग़ྗ͢Δ͔Λ͜͜ͰܾΊ·͢ • ग़ྗઌͷྫ • ϝʔϧ •
ඪ४ग़ྗ • ϩʔΧϧϑΝΠϧ • ϩάϩʔςʔγϣϯʢݹ͍ϩάͷΞʔΧΠϒআʣͰ͖·͢ • ʮϩάϨϕϧʯʢDEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICALʣϩάग़ྗݩͷϞδϡʔϧʹ Αͬͯग़ྗઌΛΓସ͑Δ͜ͱͰ͖·͢
LOGGINGͷઃఆ্ɺग़ྗઌඪ४ग़ྗͷΈʹ ͢Δ • LOGGING্Ͱͷग़ྗઌͯ͢ඪ४ग़ྗ • ඪ४ग़ྗͷϩάΛͲ͏ѻ͏͔ɺΞϓϦͷ֎ʹ͋ΔϛυϧΣΞʹ ͤ·͠ΐ͏ • Fluentd •
Amazon CloudWatch Logs • Google Cloud Logging
cookiecutter-django͓קΊ • cookiecutterςϯϓϨʔτΛݩʹϓϩδΣΫτΛ࡞͢Δπʔϧ • URL: https://github.com/pydanny/cookiecutter-django • LOGGINGͷઃఆྫ͗͢ΔͷͰ͜ͷεϥΠυʹࡌͤ·ͤΜͰ͠ ͕ͨɺ͜ͷςϯϓϨʔτͰ࡞ͬͨϓϩδΣΫτʹॻ͍͍ͯΔ༰Λಡ ΜͰ͍ͩ͘͞
cookiecutter-djangoͷ͍ํ $ pip install cookiecutter # macOSͳΒbrew install cookiecutter Մ
$ cookiecutter https://github.com/pydanny/cookiecutter-django $ # ʢ৭ʑ࣭͞Ε·͕͢ɺͱΓ͋͑ͣͬͯΈΔ͚ͩͳΒશ෦EnterΛԡͯ͠OKʣ $ cd my_awesome_project $ ls config/settings __init__.py base.py local.py production.py test.py
·ͱΊ • settings.pyڥ͝ͱʹϑΝΠϧΛ͚ͯɺڥม DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULEͰಡΉϑΝΠϧΛΓସ͑·͠ΐ͏ • ൿີͷΛsettings.pyʹʹॻ͘ͷઈରμϝɻڥม͔Βಡ·ͤ·͠ΐ ͏ɻdjango-environ͓קΊ • ϩάग़ྗγϯϓϧʹඪ४ग़ྗͷΈɻอଘઌΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ֎ʹ͋Δϛ υϧΣΞʹཧͤ͞·͠ΐ͏
• Ҏ্3ΛॳΊ͔ΒΈࠐΜͩςϯϓϨʔτcookiecutter-django͓קΊͰ͢
͝ਗ਼ௌ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝· ͨ͠