process of automatically generating a program, its formal specification, and a machine-checkable proof of program/specification alignment from a task description given in a natural language
or “bug-free in every possible sense.” It means: Specific properties were proved under specific assumptions. • Testing asks, “Did the program work for these examples?” • Verification asks, “Can we prove it works for every permitted input?” • For example, if the specification only says “return a non-negative number,” a program that always returns zero could be verified—even if the user actually wanted an absolute difference.