Designing and Implementing REST APIs for the Long Haul

@schneidenbach Designing and Building REST APIs For the Long Haul
Spencer Schneidenbach

@schneidenbach

@schneidenbach More questions than answers

@schneidenbach

@schneidenbach API Design is Hard

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@schneidenbach API Design is UX for Developers

@schneidenbach API Design is Important

@schneidenbach “Long Haul”

@schneidenbach –Kirsten Hunter @synedra “If you don’t make usability a
priority, you’ll never have to worry about scalability.”

@schneidenbach REST

@schneidenbach Representational State Transfer

@schneidenbach Uniform Interface Code on Demand (optional) Layered Stateless Cacheable
Client-Server The Six Constraints of REST

@schneidenbach Resource identification Uniform Interface constraint Content-Type: application/json Resource manipulation
with representations Self-descriptive Hypermedia as the engine of application state (HATEOAS) GET /employees/1234 PUT /employees/1234

@schneidenbach What IS a REST API?

@schneidenbach RESTful API != Good API

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@schneidenbach RESTful API != Good API

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@schneidenbach “Build our own spec”

@schneidenbach Who/what/where/why/how

@schneidenbach Why/who/what/how/where

@schneidenbach Why/who/what/how/where Technology questions LAST!

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@schneidenbach Why?

@schneidenbach Why? • Support of a SPA or mobile app?
• Internal use? • Integration?

@schneidenbach –https://dzone.com/articles/designing-a-usable-ﬂexible-long-lasting-api “If you don't understand what it is you're
building, why you're building it, or who you're building it for — how can it truly meet their needs? How can it meet your needs? How can it be successful?”

@schneidenbach Who?

@schneidenbach Who? …will use it?

@schneidenbach Who? …will test it?

@schneidenbach

@schneidenbach Who? …will help it go from beta to prod?

@schneidenbach What?

@schneidenbach How/Where?

@schneidenbach Begin with the end in mind

@schneidenbach A few simple rules • Don’t be creative, be
predictable. • Be consistent. • Get the important stuﬀ right - don’t bikeshed on things that don’t matter

@schneidenbach Step 0 Start by designing the basic behaviors of
the whole API.

@schneidenbach Basic Considerations • Security (authentication and authorization) • Status
codes • Response format • Leaky abstractions • Error handling • Versioning

@schneidenbach Security

@schneidenbach Authentication Authorization

@schneidenbach Authentication

@schneidenbach OAuth Authorization: Bearer niuq39cqj39042q39q

@schneidenbach Basic Authorization: Basic QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ==

@schneidenbach API Key X-Application-Key: this-is-a-secret-header

@schneidenbach Federated?

@schneidenbach Authorization

@schneidenbach Status Codes 403 Forbidden (aka you can’t do that)
401 Unauthorized (aka not authenticated) 404 Not Found 400 Bad Request 201 Created 200 OK

@schneidenbach This isn’t predictable Status Code: 403 Forbidden { "Error":{
"Message":"Authentication failed: Employee does not exist or an Invalid Employee" } }

@schneidenbach Verbs PATCH DELETE POST PUT GET

@schneidenbach Accept: application/json Format

@schneidenbach Accept: application/xml Format

@schneidenbach Nouns vs. verbs Basically, use plural nouns

@schneidenbach { "invoices": [ { ... }, { ... }
] } GET /customers/1234/invoices GET /customers/1234 ?expand=invoices Within the parent object Sub-resource strategies As a separate request Using an expand parameter

@schneidenbach POST /api/jobs/123/phases GET /api/jobs/123/phases/1

@schneidenbach POST /api/jobs/123/phases GET /api/jobs/123/phases/234

@schneidenbach Sorting/paging/ﬁltering

@schneidenbach Leaky abstractions

@schneidenbach Theory Annex Threshold Lilia

@schneidenbach Inactive Deleted Visible Retired

@schneidenbach Avoid letting your specific implementations leak if they are
hard to use or understand.

@schneidenbach Error Handling Errors are going to happen. How will
you and your API manage them?

@schneidenbach 400 Bad Request

@schneidenbach Error reporting { "name": "Aviron Software" } Requires name
and state POST /vendors 400 Bad Request Content-Type: application/json "State is required." { "firstName": "Spencer" } Requires first and last name POST /employees 400 Bad Request Content-Type: application/json { "errorMessage": "Your request was invalid." }

@schneidenbach General error guidelines • Be as consistent as possible
across your API. • Provide enough information for the caller to ﬁx the issue with the least number of requests… mainly for their convenience. • Log requests and responses in their entirety and return a Request ID with the response for support.

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@schneidenbach COME ^ TO THAT

@schneidenbach Versioning

@schneidenbach Versioning should be top of mind from the get
go

@schneidenbach Change Management

@schneidenbach Versioning strategies • Header • Query String • Accept
• Route

@schneidenbach Header X-Api-Version: 1.0

@schneidenbach Query string GET /api/jobs?api-version=1.0

@schneidenbach Accept Accept: application/json;v=1.0

@schneidenbach Route GET /api/v1/jobs

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@schneidenbach Versioning > breaking changes

@schneidenbach v1

@schneidenbach v2

@schneidenbach v3

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@schneidenbach Deprecation

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@schneidenbach Other Considerations • Documentation • SLAs (uptime) • Performance
guarantees • Deployment • Maintenance

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@schneidenbach https://www.twilio.com/docs/api/errors/30003

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@schneidenbach DOCUMENTATION

@schneidenbach DOCUME NTATION

@schneidenbach An API lives and dies by its documentation.

@schneidenbach

@schneidenbach https://www.twilio.com/docs/api/errors/30003 A Great Example An Ok Example

@schneidenbach SLAs

@schneidenbach SLAs • Will your API have a guaranteed uptime?
• What is the impact of downtime?

@schneidenbach Performance

@schneidenbach Performance • Scaling up/scaling out? • Guaranteed response times?
• Do you even need to think about this?

@schneidenbach Deployment

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@schneidenbach Utilize your tools

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@schneidenbach Maintenance

@schneidenbach Versioning > breaking changes

@schneidenbach Fix bugs, but don’t break things

@schneidenbach

@schneidenbach Support

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@schneidenbach Support guidelines • More GOOD documentation may mean less
support • You must provide a means for people to ask for help • Make their jobs as consumers as easy as possible.

@schneidenbach Remember these things • Think a little up front
before File -> New Project. • Design a consistent “spec” for how your REST API will behave. • CONFORM TO THAT SPEC. COMMUNICATE WHEN YOU DON’T. • Remember good documentation and support!

@schneidenbach Thank you!

Designing and Implementing REST APIs for the Long Haul

Designing and Implementing REST APIs for the Long Haul

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