Photography Fundamentals

by Ian McVea

Transcript

1. View Slide

2. Photography
   Phundamentals
   content © 2013- Ian McVea
   all images © Ian McVea & Fort Worth Star-Telegram
   

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3. Photography
   Fundamentals
   content © 2013- Ian McVea
   all images © Ian McVea & Fort Worth Star-Telegram
   

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4. Photo Fundamentals
   Normal Lenses
   Provide an angle of view close to human vision
   often provide much faster maximum apertures
   Offer very good selective focus capability
   are often the cheapest lenses available
   Great for portraits, low light situations,
   general photography
   (50mm-ish)
   

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5. Photo Fundamentals
   Wide Angle Lenses
   Provide a wider angle of view than normal or tele lenses
   Offer less magnification than normal or tele lenses
   Offer more apparent depth of Field than normal or tele lenses
   Are easier to hand-hold than normal or telephoto lenses
   Provide more of a feeling of ‘space’ and depth
   make the viewer feel more a part of the action
   great for landscapes, architecture, interiors
   may display distortion at edges - ie ‘gumby Head’
   (less than 50mm)
   

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6. Photo Fundamentals
   Telephoto Lenses
   Provide a narrower angle of view than normal or w/a lenses
   Offer more magnification than normal or w/a lenses
   Offer more apparent depth of Field than normal or w/a lenses
   Are more difficult to hand-hold than normal or w/a lenses
   Provide a feeling of compressed ‘space’ and depth
   make the viewer feel more isolated from the action
   great for sports, wildlife, portraits,
   situations where you can’t be close to the subject
   (greater than 50mm)
   

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7. Focal Length
   600mm
   300mm
   20mm 24mm 35mm 50mm 75mm
   100mm 200mm
   150mm
   

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8. Wide Angle v. Telephoto
   200mm f/2.8
   17mm f/4.0
   

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9. Wide Angle v. Telephoto
   200mm f/2.8
   17mm f/4.0
   

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10. Wide Angle v. Telephoto
    300mm f/2.8
    17mm f/4.0
    

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11. Depth of Field
    Deep Dof
    Shallow DoF
    

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12. Photo Fundamentals
    Exposure
    I. Amount of light falling on the subject
    II. ISO - the sensitivity of the sensor or film to light
    III. Aperture - the amount of light a lens will allow through
    to the sensor
    this is almost always adjustable
    IV. Shutter Speed - the amount time light is allowed to strike
    the sensor
    this is almost always adjustable
    

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13. Photo Fundamentals
    ISO
    Lower ISO’s provide:
    better, more saturated color
    lower noise (grain)
    ability to use slower shutter speed or larger aperture
    more “blurring’ ability
    higher ISO’s provide:
    flatter, muted colors - esp reds and yellows
    higher noise (grain)
    ability to use faster shutter speed or smaller aperture
    more “action-freezing” ability
    

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14. Photo Fundamentals
    APERTURE
    Larger apertures provide:
    more shallow depth of field (background out of focus)
    ability to isolate the subject
    ability to use faster shutter speed or lower ISO
    Smaller apertures provide:
    extended depth of field (background more in focus)
    ability to make everything more sharp
    ability to use slower shutter speed or higher ISO
    

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15. Photo Fundamentals
    Shutter Speed
    Faster shutter speeds
    provide the ability to “freeze’ action
    may require a larger aperture or higher ISO
    Slower Shutter speeds
    provide the ability to blur action
    may require a smaller aperture or lower ISO
    

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16. Photo Fundamentals
    Shutter Speed Tips
    1/125th will freeze most normal human movement
    1/500th will freeze most sports action
    If you’re using a telephoto, your shutter speed should
    be close to your focal length (200mm - 1/200th sec)
    1/15th - 1/30th is about as slow as most people can hand-hold
    The higher the number, the shorter the exposure and
    the better the ‘action freeze’ capability
    

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17. Photo Fundamentals
    Aperture Tips
    The lower the number, the wider the aperture
    f/8 on normal-to-w/a lenses will give substantial depth of field
    Always use the largest aperture (lowest number)
    when you want to isolate the subject or get the fastest
    shutter speed
    stay away from the really small apertures (numbers above f/11)
    unless you absolutely need to use them
    

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18. Photo Fundamentals
    Camera exposure Modes
    Program Mode (P): Camera chooses shutter speed and aperture
    based on light and ISO settings
    Aperture Priority Mode (A or Av): You choose aperture
    and the camera chooses shutter speed
    based on light and ISO settings
    Shutter Priority (S or Tv): you select shutter speed
    and the camera chooses an aperture
    based on light and ISO settings
    Manual (M): You select both shutter speed and aperture
    based on in-camera or hand-held meter, or experience
    based on light and ISO settings
    

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