Kubernetes with Prometheus

,VCFSOFUFTXJUI1SPNFUIFVT 5BLBTIJ,VTVNJ ,B[VNBTB,PIUBLB

1SPNFUIFVT嚊銲 ,VCFSOFUFTדך崞欽 1SPNFUIFVTך铬겗 1SPN$POךزؾحؙ

1SPNFUIFVT嚊銲

1SPNFUIFVTהכ Ӝ 湊鋔㼎韋ָ⹛涸ח㢌⻉ׅ׷橆㞮ח黝׃׋湊鋔ءأذي 1VMM㘗ךًزؙٔأ湊鋔׾䱰欽 JOTQJSFECZ(PPHMFT#PSHNPO 㢳䕙ז4FSWJDF%JTDPWFSZח㼎䘔 ,VCFSOFUFT ($& &$ $POTVM
Ӝ $/$'ך؝ٝه٦طٝزך♧א ,VCFSOFUFTה鋵ㄤ䚍ָ넝ְ

1VMM㘗ךًزؙٔأ湊鋔湊鋔㼎韋 ؒ٦آؑٝز 湊鋔 ءأذي )5513FRVFTU 湊鋔㼎韋 &YQPSUFS 1SPNFUIFVT )5513FTQPOTF
$16 ًٌٔ ر؍أؙ 1VTI㘗 1VMM㘗 5

1PE 1PE 4FSWJDF%JTDPWFSZ ,VCFSOFUFT 6 ,VCFOFUFT$MVTUFS 1SPNFUIFVT ,VCFSOFUFT "1*4FSWFS 1PE
/PEF ؙٓأةⰻך1PE /PEF׾㉏ְさ׻ׇ 1PE /PEFך*1הًزؙٔأך ه٦ز׾ٖأهٝأ ぐ1PE /PEFַ׵ً زؙٔأ׾أؙٖ؎ف

"MFSUNBOBHFS Ӝ 1SPNFUIFVTד涪欰׃׋،ٓ٦ز׾盖椚ׅ׷فؚٗٓي Ӝ "MFSUNBOBHFSך堣腉 ꅾ醱׃גְ׷،ٓ٦زך鍑嶊 ،ٓ٦زךؚٕ٦ف⻉鸐濼⯓ך寸㹀鸐濼ך♧儗涸ז⨡姺 4JMFODF
Ӝ 醱侧ך鸐濼⯓ח㼎䘔 4MBDL &NBJM )5518FCIPPLזו

،ٓ٦ز鸐濼ך崧׸ 8 "MFSUNBOBHFS 1SPNFUIFVT ،ٓ٦زٕ٦ٕך鐰⣣ ⢽ךًزؙٔأָ ך朐䡾ָ竲ְ׋׵،ٓ٦ز  ˑ˒ 
4JMFODFך㼎韋ַ然钠鸐濼幥׫דזְַ然钠醱侧ך،ٓ٦ز׾♧אך鸐濼ח勲י׷ ⢽醱侧ך؎ٝأةٝأד涪欰׃׋ 暴㹀ך%# ؟٦غחꟼׅ׷،ٓ٦ز׾♧אך鸐濼ח勲י׷ 鸐濼⯓׾寸㹀ׅ׷ "MFSUNBOBHFSפ鷏⥋

,VCFSOFUFTדך崞欽

,VCFSOFUFTך湊鋔⢽ Ӝ ػؿؓ٦وٝأٌصةؚٔٝ ؙٓأةⰋ⡤ךٔا٦أ朐屣 1PE׀הך$16 3". /FUXPSLך⢪欽ꆀ ،فٔ؛٦ءّٝ׀הךًزؙٔأ FY SFRT
SFTQPOTFUJNF IFBQTJ[F HPSPVUJOF侧 Ӝ ،ٓ٦ذ؍ؚٝ 1PEך殯䌢嗚⳿ $SBTI-PPQ#BDLPזו /PEFך殯䌢嗚⳿

1SPNFUIFVTךرفٗ؎ 1SPNFUIFVT LT"1*4FSWFS 1PE/PEF 1PE/PEF 1PE /PEF 湊鋔㼎韋׾《䖤
㹀劍涸ח湊鋔 )551 ,VCFSOFUFTؙٓأةⰻ (SBGBOB "MFSU.BOBHFS ،ٓ٦ز鸐濼 تحءُن٦س ꟼ鸬؝ٝه٦طٝز׾ؙٓأةⰻחرفٗ؎׃ג湊鋔 1SPNFUIFVT GFEFSBUFד湊鋔 ؙٓأة㢩

湊鋔ךٖ؎َ٦ Server Kubernetes Application Ӝ /PEF&YQPSUFS娤崞湊鋔 $16 3". Ӝ
D"EWJTPS؝ٝذش嫣$16 3".FUD Ӝ LVCFTUBUFNFUSJDT1PE侧ծأذ٦ةأFUD Ӝ ،فٔ؛٦ءّٝ㔿剣ך㹋鄲 )551،ؙإأ侧 Ⳣ椚儗꟦FUD

،فٔ؛٦ءّٝך湊鋔 Ӝ ،فٔ؛٦ءّٝ⩎ח1SPNFUIFVT䕎䒭ךؒٝسه؎ٝز׾㹋鄲 Ӝ 4FSWJDF⩎ח،ظذ٦ءّٝ׾鷄⸇ׅ׷׌ֽ Ⱅ䒭鏣㹀ך㜥さ《䖤כTFSWJDF穗歋דכזֻぐ1PEח㼎׃ג遤ֲ 
      

NFUSJDTכぐ1PEַ׵《䖤ׁ׸׷ 1SPNFUIFVT LT"1*4FSWFS 湊鋔㼎韋׾《䖤 TWDBQQ QPEBQQ99 QPEBQQ:: ؕؐٝة⦼זוָ֮׷׋׭ծNFUSJDTכぐ1PEַ׵《䖤ׅ׷䗳銲ָ֮׷ NFUSJDT׾《䖤
TFSWJDF׾⯋ח FOEQPJOUT׾《䖤

,VCFSOFUFTך湊鋔D"EWJTPS Ӝ D"EWJTPS$POUBJOFS"EWJTPS Ӝ ぐ1PE׀הך$16 3". /FUXPSLך⢪欽桦זוָ׻ַ׷ Ӝ LVCFMFUח穈׫鴥ת׸גֶ׶ծQSPNFUIFVTח㼎䘔幥׫
(SBGBOBדך〳鋔⻉

D"EWJTPSך岣䠐挿⚠ Ӝ LVCFSOFUFTW劢弫דًزؙٔأָ娎䫙ֽ׷غָؚ֮׷ 'JYJODPOTJTUFOU1SPNFUIFVTD"EWJTPSNFUSJDT Ӝ 1PE׀הח⟃♳ךًزؙٔأָ⳿⸂ׁ׸׷ 1PEָ걼籕ח刿倜ׁ׸׷ה㣐ꆀך5JNF4FSJFTָ欰ת׸׷ 暴חח岣䠐 Ӝ /PEF♳ך1PE侧ָ㟓ִ׷הًزؙٔأך鸐⥋ꆀח׮岣䠐

,VCFSOFUFTך湊鋔LVCFTUBUFNFUSJDT Ӝ 1PEך侧װأذ٦ةأהְ׏׋LTؔـآؙؑزךًزؙٔأ Ӝ LVCFSOFUFTⰕ䒭ד䲿⣘ׁ׸גְ׷BEEPO 1PEה׃גرفٗ؎ׅ׷ Ӝ 1PEװ/PEFך殯䌢׾湊鋔דֹ׷ $SBTI-PPQ#BDLPFUD

؟٦غ٦ך湊鋔 Ӝ 1SPNFUIFVTⰕ䒭ך/PEF&YQPSUFS׾⢪欽 %BFNPO4FUדぐظ٦سחرفٗ؎ׅ׷ Ӝ $16 3". /FUXPSL -PBEזו㢳䀄ח床׷䞔㜠ָ《׸׷
(SBGBOBדך〳鋔⻉

ぐ%FQMPZNFOUך朐屣

1SPNFUIFVTך铬겗

铬겗1SPNFUIFVTך鏣㹀ך⿾僥 Ӝ LTחرفٗ؎׃׋1SPNFUIFVTך鏣㹀׾וֲ⿾僥ׅ׷ַ 鏣㹀ؿ؋؎ٕכ$POH.BQד盖椚׃׋ְ Ӝ ًٌٔחٍؗحءָُ鯹׏גְ׷ךדⱄ饯⹛ׇׁ׋ֻזְ 1SPNFUIFVTחכSFMPBE欽8FC"1*ָ欽䠐ׁ׸גְ׷

鍑寸1SPNFUIFVTך鏣㹀ך⿾僥 Ӝ 鏣㹀ؿ؋؎ٕ׾湊鋔׃SFMPBE"1*ד鸐濼ׅ׷؟؎سؕ٦׾㹋鄲 044ד׮ず圫ך׮ךָⰕꟚׁ׸גְ׷ Ӝ )FMNך1SPNFUIFVT$IBSUTכ+JNNZ%ZTPOׁ׿ָ㹋鄲׃׋ ؟؎سؕ٦ָず⺪ׁ׸גְ׷ Ӝ QSPNFUIFVTPQFSBUPSכ杝荈ד㹋鄲׃׋׮ך׾⢪׏גְ׷

铬겗1SPNFUIFVTךָًٌٔ駈׶זְ Ӝ ָًٌٔ駈׶זְה3VTIFE.PEFךٕ٦فחז׷ֿהָ֮׷ Ӝ ًٌٔכTUPSBHFMPDBMUBSHFUIFBQTJ[Fؿؚٓד䭷㹀 W_ رؿٕؓزכ(# Ӝ ֿך؟؎ؤ׾馄ִ׷הًٌٔ׾鍑佝׃״ֲהׅ׷
Ӝ 鍑佝ָ꟦חさ׻זְה3VTIFE.PEFחⰅ׷ ًزؙٔأ《䖤װٕ٦ٕ鐰⣣ָأؗحفׁ׸׷ UISPUUMJOH ًزؙٔأָ《׸׆،ٓ٦ز׮♳ָ׵זֻז׷

鍑寸1SPNFUIFVTךָًٌٔ駈׶זְ Ӝ UBSHFUIFBQTJ[F׾㟓װׅؕ٦ر؍شٔذ؍׾⡚ֻׅ׷ Ӝ ꟼ鸬ًزؙٔأ   _ךثٍؙٝ宕竲⻉ך筜䚈䏝կחז׷הSVTIFENPEF  
ًٌٔ♳ךUJNFTFSJFT侧   أؗحفׁ׸׋TDSBQF侧 Ӝ ֿ׸׵ך⦼כ㢩鿇ך1SPNFUIFVTַ׵湊鋔ׅ׷ךָ劄ת׃ְ⚠

铬겗ؕ٦ر؍شٔذ؍ָ넝ְ Ӝ ؕ٦ر؍شٔذ؍ָ넝ְהًٌٔծ$16ך⢪欽ꆀָ㢳ֻז׷ Ӝ ِص٦ؙזٓكٕך穈׫さ׻ׇ5JNF4FSJFT 5JNF4FSJFT׀החؿ؋؎ٕ⡲׵׸׷ ر؍أؙךJOPEF侧ח׮岣䠐 Ӝ ٓكٕך⦼ח㣐ꆀך珏겲ָ֮׷ؕ٦ر؍شٔذ؍ָ넝ְ ٓكٕכ花㣐ז珏겲חז׷׮ך׾鼘ֽ׷
*1،سٖأזו Ӝ سًُؗٝزדכرؿٕؓزUBSHFUIFBQTJ[F (# ד秈♰

鍑寸ؕ٦ر؍شٔذ؍ָ넝ְ Ӝ ؕ٦ر؍شٔذ؍ָ넝ְٓكٕ׾锃叨׃גٓكٕ׾幾׵ׅ ⳿⸂⩎ד幾׵ַׅSFMBCFMדESPQׅ׷ Ӝ 植儗挿דؕ٦ر؍شٔذ؍ָ넝ְًزؙٔأ   ׋׌׃ֿ׸כ׉ך儗挿דךًزؙٔأ侧׃ַ׻ַ׵זְ Ӝ
'FEFSBUF"1*׾㹀劍涸ח〨ְגծًزؙٔأך䊴ⴓ׾锃叨 Ӝ ⢽D"EWJTPSךOBNFծ/PEF&YQPSUFSךNPVOUQPJOU

铬겗،ٓ٦زٕ٦ٕךذأز Ӝ ،ٓ٦زך鸐濼חכ圫ղז銲稆ָꟼ⤘ׅ׷׋׭ذأزָꨇ׃ְ 1SPNFUIFVTך鏣㹀 ،ٓ٦زٕ٦ٕ 1SPN2- "MFSUNBOBHFSך鏣㹀　꧊׃׋ًزؙٔأ

鍑寸&OEUPFOEךذأز׾欽䠐 28 1SPNFUIFVT FFUFTUFS "MFSUNBOBHFS FFUFTUFSָذأز欽ًزؙٔأ ر٦ة׾1SPNFUIFVTפꪪ⳿ 1SPNFUIFVTָ،ٓ٦زٕ٦ٕ ח㛇בְג،ٓ٦ز׾涪欰 "MFSUNBOBHFSָ،ٓ٦ز׾FF
UFTUFSפ8FCIPPLה׃ג鸐濼 FFUFTUFSָذأز 穠卓׾4MBDLפ鸐濼 4MBDL

鍑寸ذأز欽ךًزؙٔأر٦ة Ӝ 1SPN2-ךِصحزذأزד⢪׻׸גְ׷杝荈鎉铂׾ⵃ欽 IUUQTHJUIVCDPNQSPNFUIFVTQSPNFUIFVTCMPCNBTUFSQSPNRM QSPNRM@UFTUHP ⢽  ˑ ˑ
/foo /bar 0s 0 0 15s 25 15 30s 50 30 45s 75 45 60s 100 60 75s 125 75 90s 150 90

1SPN$POךزؾحؙ

1SPN$PO!.VOJDI "VH

4UPSJOH#ZUFTBU4DBMF Ӝ 54%#ך圓鸡 32 ˑ˒ ˑ˒ UJNF TFSJFT ˑ˒
ˑ˒ ˑ˒ ˑ˒ ˑ˒ ˑ˒ 5JNF4FSJFTכًزٔحؙהٓك ٕך穈׫さ׻ׇך侧׌ֽ䗳銲

4UPSJOH#ZUFTBU4DBMF Ӝ 铬겗,VCFSOFUFTדכ*OBDUJWFז 5JNF4FSJFTָ欰ׄװְׅ את׶ًٌٔ⸬桦ָ䝤ְ Ӝ 1SPNFUIFVTWדכ54%#ךٔف ٖ٦أח״׶ֿך㉏겗׾㣐䌴ח何㊣ Ӝ
3FGT IUUQTQSPNDPOJP NVOJDIUBMLTTUPSJOHCZUFT BUTDBMF 33 UJNF TFSJFT 1PE 1PE 1PE 3PMMJOH6QEBUFזוח״׶ *OBDUJWFז5JNF4FSJFT׾欰׬

4UBMFOFTTJO1SPNFUIFVT Ӝ 4UBMFOFTTהכ 剣⸬דזֻז׏׋5JNF 4FSJFT׾ؙؒٔך穠卓 ַ׵ꤐ㢩ׅ׷➬穈׫ 34 UJNF TFSJFT
N ؙؒٔך㹋遤儗ⵟ 4UBMFז朐䡾ך׋׭ ؙؒٔ ך㹋遤穠卓חろת׸זְ

4UBMFOFTTJO1SPNFUIFVT Ӝ 铬겗N׾䖉׋׆ה׮ 湊鋔㼎韋׾鋅אֽ׵׸זֻז׏׋儗挿ד 4UBMFז朐䡾ד֮׷ֿה׾ⴻⴽ׃׋ְ Ӝ 1SPNFUIFVTWדכ鍑寸 4UBMFד֮׷ֿה׾爙ׅو٦ؕ٦׾㼪Ⰵ Ӝ
3FGT IUUQTQSPNDPOJPNVOJDIUBMLTTUBMFOFTTJO QSPNFUIFVT

#FTU1SBDUJDFTBOE#FBTUMZ1JUGBMMT Ӝ 涪邌+VMJVT7PM[ 1SPNFUIFVTךDPGPVOEFS Ӝ 1SPNFUIFVTךكأز٥فؙٓذ؍أה衅ה׃瑎 ٓكٕךㄏせ鋉秈 ٓكٕךؕ٦ر؍شٔذ؍ 5JNF4FSJFTךⴱ劍⻉
SBUF TVN ך갫䎷 ؕؐٝةٔإحزך罋䣁

.POJUPSJOH$MPVEBSFTQMBOFUTDBMF FEHFOFUXPSLXJUI1SPNFUIFVT Ӝ 涪邌.BUU#PTUPDL $MPVEBSF Ӝ 1SPNFUIFVTך剑㣐鋉垷 $MPVEBSF ך✲⢽ Ӝ
،ٓ٦ذ؍ؚٝװⴓ匿ה׃גⵃ欽 OBHJPTַ׵獳遤 Ӝ ⵃ欽&YQPSUFS/PEF&YQPSUFS #MBDLCPY&YQPSUFS NUBJM Ӝ 暴㹀儗꟦ח뒊׷"MFSUٕ٦ٕ׾鏣㹀׃גؒأٖؕך鎮箺׾㹋倵 Ӝ 筜䚈דזְ،ٓ٦زכ+*3"ח♳־׷➬穈׫ח׃גְ׷ IUUQTHJUIVCDPNGBCYDKJSBMFSUT

-JOLT IUUQTQSPNDPOJPNVOJDITDIFEVMF

8FBSFIJSJOH CJUMZ[MBCDBSFFST

Kubernetes with Prometheus

Kubernetes with Prometheus

Takashi Kusumi

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,VCFSOFUFTXJUI1SPNFUIFVT 5BLBTIJ,VTVNJ ,B[VNBTB,PIUBLB

1SPNFUIFVT嚊銲 ,VCFSOFUFTדך崞欽 1SPNFUIFVTך铬겗 1SPN$POךزؾحؙ

1SPNFUIFVT嚊銲

1SPNFUIFVTהכ Ӝ 湊鋔㼎韋ָ⹛涸ח㢌⻉ׅ׷橆㞮ח黝׃׋湊鋔ءأذي 1VMM㘗ךًزؙٔأ湊鋔׾䱰欽 JOTQJSFECZ(PPHMFT#PSHNPO 㢳䕙ז4FSWJDF%JTDPWFSZח㼎䘔 ,VCFSOFUFT ($& &$ $POTVM

1VMM㘗ךًزؙٔأ湊鋔湊鋔㼎韋 ؒ٦آؑٝز 湊鋔 ءأذي )5513FRVFTU 湊鋔㼎韋 &YQPSUFS 1SPNFUIFVT )5513FTQPOTF

1PE 1PE 4FSWJDF%JTDPWFSZ ,VCFSOFUFT 6 ,VCFOFUFT$MVTUFS 1SPNFUIFVT ,VCFSOFUFT "1*4FSWFS 1PE

"MFSUNBOBHFS Ӝ 1SPNFUIFVTד涪欰׃׋،ٓ٦ز׾盖椚ׅ׷فؚٗٓي Ӝ "MFSUNBOBHFSך堣腉 ꅾ醱׃גְ׷،ٓ٦زך鍑嶊 ،ٓ٦زךؚٕ٦ف⻉鸐濼⯓ך寸㹀鸐濼ך♧儗涸ז⨡姺 4JMFODF

,VCFSOFUFTדך崞欽

,VCFSOFUFTך湊鋔⢽ Ӝ ػؿؓ٦وٝأٌصةؚٔٝ ؙٓأةⰋ⡤ךٔا٦أ朐屣 1PE׀הך$16 3". /FUXPSLך⢪欽ꆀ ،فٔ؛٦ءّٝ׀הךًزؙٔأ FY SFRT

1SPNFUIFVTךرفٗ؎ 1SPNFUIFVT LT"1*4FSWFS 1PE/PEF 1PE/PEF 1PE /PEF 湊鋔㼎韋׾《䖤

湊鋔ךٖ؎َ٦ Server Kubernetes Application Ӝ /PEF&YQPSUFS娤崞湊鋔 $16 3". Ӝ

،فٔ؛٦ءّٝך湊鋔 Ӝ ،فٔ؛٦ءّٝ⩎ח1SPNFUIFVT䕎䒭ךؒٝسه؎ٝز׾㹋鄲 Ӝ 4FSWJDF⩎ח،ظذ٦ءّٝ׾鷄⸇ׅ׷׌ֽ Ⱅ䒭鏣㹀ך㜥さ《䖤כTFSWJDF穗歋דכזֻぐ1PEח㼎׃ג遤ֲ 

NFUSJDTכぐ1PEַ׵《䖤ׁ׸׷ 1SPNFUIFVT LT"1*4FSWFS 湊鋔㼎韋׾《䖤 TWDBQQ QPEBQQ99 QPEBQQ:: ؕؐٝة⦼זוָ֮׷׋׭ծNFUSJDTכぐ1PEַ׵《䖤ׅ׷䗳銲ָ֮׷ NFUSJDT׾《䖤

,VCFSOFUFTך湊鋔D"EWJTPS Ӝ D"EWJTPS$POUBJOFS"EWJTPS Ӝ ぐ1PE׀הך$16 3". /FUXPSLך⢪欽桦זוָ׻ַ׷ Ӝ LVCFMFUח穈׫鴥ת׸גֶ׶ծQSPNFUIFVTח㼎䘔幥׫

,VCFSOFUFTך湊鋔LVCFTUBUFNFUSJDT Ӝ 1PEך侧װأذ٦ةأהְ׏׋LTؔـآؙؑزךًزؙٔأ Ӝ LVCFSOFUFTⰕ䒭ד䲿⣘ׁ׸גְ׷BEEPO 1PEה׃גرفٗ؎ׅ׷ Ӝ 1PEװ/PEFך殯䌢׾湊鋔דֹ׷ $SBTI-PPQ#BDLPFUD

؟٦غ٦ך湊鋔 Ӝ 1SPNFUIFVTⰕ䒭ך/PEF&YQPSUFS׾⢪欽 %BFNPO4FUדぐظ٦سחرفٗ؎ׅ׷ Ӝ $16 3". /FUXPSL -PBEזו㢳䀄ח床׷䞔㜠ָ《׸׷

ぐ%FQMPZNFOUך朐屣

1SPNFUIFVTך铬겗

铬겗1SPNFUIFVTך鏣㹀ך⿾僥 Ӝ LTחرفٗ؎׃׋1SPNFUIFVTך鏣㹀׾וֲ⿾僥ׅ׷ַ 鏣㹀ؿ؋؎ٕכ$POH.BQד盖椚׃׋ְ Ӝ ًٌٔחٍؗحءָُ鯹׏גְ׷ךדⱄ饯⹛ׇׁ׋ֻזְ 1SPNFUIFVTחכSFMPBE欽8FC"1*ָ欽䠐ׁ׸גְ׷

鍑寸1SPNFUIFVTך鏣㹀ך⿾僥 Ӝ 鏣㹀ؿ؋؎ٕ׾湊鋔׃SFMPBE"1*ד鸐濼ׅ׷؟؎سؕ٦׾㹋鄲 044ד׮ず圫ך׮ךָⰕꟚׁ׸גְ׷ Ӝ )FMNך1SPNFUIFVT$IBSUTכ+JNNZ%ZTPOׁ׿ָ㹋鄲׃׋ ؟؎سؕ٦ָず⺪ׁ׸גְ׷ Ӝ QSPNFUIFVTPQFSBUPSכ杝荈ד㹋鄲׃׋׮ך׾⢪׏גְ׷

铬겗1SPNFUIFVTךָًٌٔ駈׶זְ Ӝ ָًٌٔ駈׶זְה3VTIFE.PEFךٕ٦فחז׷ֿהָ֮׷ Ӝ ًٌٔכTUPSBHFMPDBMUBSHFUIFBQTJ[Fؿؚٓד䭷㹀 W_ رؿٕؓزכ(# Ӝ ֿך؟؎ؤ׾馄ִ׷הًٌٔ׾鍑佝׃״ֲהׅ׷

铬겗ؕ٦ر؍شٔذ؍ָ넝ְ Ӝ ؕ٦ر؍شٔذ؍ָ넝ְהًٌٔծ$16ך⢪欽ꆀָ㢳ֻז׷ Ӝ ِص٦ؙזٓكٕך穈׫さ׻ׇ5JNF4FSJFT 5JNF4FSJFT׀החؿ؋؎ٕ⡲׵׸׷ ر؍أؙךJOPEF侧ח׮岣䠐 Ӝ ٓكٕך⦼ח㣐ꆀך珏겲ָ֮׷ؕ٦ر؍شٔذ؍ָ넝ְ ٓكٕכ花㣐ז珏겲חז׷׮ך׾鼘ֽ׷

铬겗،ٓ٦زٕ٦ٕךذأز Ӝ ،ٓ٦زך鸐濼חכ圫ղז銲稆ָꟼ⤘ׅ׷׋׭ذأزָꨇ׃ְ 1SPNFUIFVTך鏣㹀 ،ٓ٦زٕ٦ٕ 1SPN2- "MFSUNBOBHFSך鏣㹀　꧊׃׋ًزؙٔأ

鍑寸&OEUPFOEךذأز׾欽䠐 28 1SPNFUIFVT FFUFTUFS "MFSUNBOBHFS FFUFTUFSָذأز欽ًزؙٔأ ر٦ة׾1SPNFUIFVTפꪪ⳿ 1SPNFUIFVTָ،ٓ٦زٕ٦ٕ ח㛇בְג،ٓ٦ز׾涪欰 "MFSUNBOBHFSָ،ٓ٦ز׾FF

1SPN$POךزؾحؙ

1SPN$PO!.VOJDI "VH

4UPSJOH#ZUFTBU4DBMF Ӝ 铬겗,VCFSOFUFTדכ*OBDUJWFז 5JNF4FSJFTָ欰ׄװְׅ את׶ًٌٔ⸬桦ָ䝤ְ Ӝ 1SPNFUIFVTWדכ54%#ךٔف ٖ٦أח״׶ֿך㉏겗׾㣐䌴ח何㊣ Ӝ

4UBMFOFTTJO1SPNFUIFVT Ӝ 4UBMFOFTTהכ 剣⸬דזֻז׏׋5JNF 4FSJFT׾ؙؒٔך穠卓 ַ׵ꤐ㢩ׅ׷➬穈׫ 34 UJNF TFSJFT

4UBMFOFTTJO1SPNFUIFVT Ӝ 铬겗N׾䖉׋׆ה׮ 湊鋔㼎韋׾鋅אֽ׵׸זֻז׏׋儗挿ד 4UBMFז朐䡾ד֮׷ֿה׾ⴻⴽ׃׋ְ Ӝ 1SPNFUIFVTWדכ鍑寸 4UBMFד֮׷ֿה׾爙ׅو٦ؕ٦׾㼪Ⰵ Ӝ

#FTU1SBDUJDFTBOE#FBTUMZ1JUGBMMT Ӝ 涪邌+VMJVT7PM[ 1SPNFUIFVTךDPGPVOEFS Ӝ 1SPNFUIFVTךكأز٥فؙٓذ؍أה衅ה׃瑎 ٓكٕךㄏせ鋉秈 ٓكٕךؕ٦ر؍شٔذ؍ 5JNF4FSJFTךⴱ劍⻉

.POJUPSJOH$MPVEBSFTQMBOFUTDBMF FEHFOFUXPSLXJUI1SPNFUIFVT Ӝ 涪邌.BUU#PTUPDL $MPVEBSF Ӝ 1SPNFUIFVTך剑㣐鋉垷 $MPVEBSF ך✲⢽ Ӝ

-JOLT IUUQTQSPNDPOJPNVOJDITDIFEVMF

8FBSFIJSJOH CJUMZ[MBCDBSFFST