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OO in Scala - The unloved side of the cake?
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Tobias Neef
April 17, 2013
Programming
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OO in Scala - The unloved side of the cake?
Component composition in Scala using a variant of the cake pattern
Tobias Neef
April 17, 2013
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Transcript
OO in Scala The unloved side of the cake?
About Me Tobias Neef Consultant / Dev at innoQ doing
stuff in Berlin
This talk is about OO and cakes in Scala
Disclaimer I love FP but OO still has it’s values
Everybody loves cakes. Do you love the cake in Scala?
The How and Who of component composition
How
None
I
I C C C
I C C C C
I C C C C C
Who
object composition == component configuration
Who combines the objects in the required configuration to one
component?
We can solve this with DI right?
IoC
IoC Who == the container
The typical DI has some serious issues
It evolves into a add-on language
@Component public class OrderRepo { @Autowired BookingWriter bookingWriter; @Autowired OrderHeaderDao
orderHeaderDao; ...
Not covered by the typesystem
@Component public class OrderRepo { @Autowired BookingWriter bookingWriter; @Autowired OrderHeaderDao
orderHeaderDao; ...
Managed Instances
new MyClass == this is not a component
Cyclic dependencies are hard not to express
Back to the cake
Cake Pattern == Scala flavored OO component composition
Ingredients
Traits Are like interfaces with implementation
trait CustomerTS {! def getTicket(id:Long) def default = new ...
}
Self-Types Manual typing of the this reference
trait CustomerTS {! self : CustomerDao => ... }
Dependency Context Though composed traits
trait Component { def instance : ManagedClass trait ManagedClass {
def method():Int } }
trait Component { def instance : ManagedClass trait ManagedClass {
def method():Int } } Logic Context
trait Component { def instance : ManagedClass trait ManagedClass {
def method():Int } } Component Context Logic Context
trait Component { / / New Instances / / Unique
Instances / / Dependencies / / Component Inheritance }
trait ManagedClass { / / normal class / / access
to component / / application logic }
trait AuthComponent { def authComponent: Auth trait Auth { def
load(name: String, pass: String): Option[User] protected def internalUser() = .. } }
Dependencies
Class 1 Class 2 Component 1 Component 2 Depends Uses
trait BookingServiceComponent { ! self : AuthComponent => def bookingService
= ! new BookingService() class BookingService { def book(user: String, pass: String, !! itemId:Id) = ! ! ! authComponent.load(user,pass) ... } }
Inheritance
Class 1 Class 2 Component 1 Component 2 Is Uses
Extends
trait LocalAuthComponent extends AuthComponent { def authComponent = new LocalAuth()
class LocalAuth extends Auth { def load(name: String, pass: String) = ... } }
trait LDAPAuthComponent extends AuthComponent { def authComponent = new LDAPAuth()
class LDAPAuth extends Auth { def load(name: String, pass: String) = ... } }
The Application Cake
trait BookingApp extends AuthComponent BookingServiceComponent
class LiveBookingApp extends LdapAuthComponent BookingServiceComponent Dependencies are checked at compile
time
A cake component == a partial application with dependencies
Is made of the core Scala language It is checked
at compile time It requires no IoC It uses the most specific type available It can express cyclic dependencies It can’t change its configuration at runtime The Cake
Bakery of Doom
Does everything have to be a cake?
Not everything in your app is a component interface
But most of your app should belong to a component
None
None
The cake package pattern
Component Package Component Interface Internal Package Internal Component ...
packages in Scala are more than namespaces
visibility rules can shield the component internals
Your App == Functional Components / Packages Result
None
Functional and technical contexts
Functional Contexts enhance the functionality of an application
Technical Contexts are the basis for the Functional Contexts
Technical Contexts can bridge the outside world and the cake
world
trait TechnicalComponent { def tc : TechnicalContext }
trait FunctionComponent { ! this => TechnicalComponent def fc: FunctionClass
trait FunctionClass { ... } }
None
Requires
Builds Requires
Builds Requires PlayAkka ActorSystem Provides
trait GlobalActorSystem { private[core] def actorSystem: ActorSystem private[core] implicit val
defaultTimeout = Timeout(4,TimeUnit.SECONDS) } Default Implicits Technical Context
class PlayServiceModule( val actorSystem: ActorSystem, ...) extends ServiceModule with GlobalActorSystem
...
import play.api.Play.current lazy val app = new PlayServiceModule( play.api.libs.concurrent.Akka.system, ...)
Bridge the Play framework to an application cake
Thanks!