Ӓ۽ ਊ߉ח (e.g. EC, rename, ACID, streaming, ...) • ࢎਊо storageܳ যڌѱ ࢎਊೞוջী ٮۄ ࢿמ ୌର݅߹: data type, format, compression, directory structure, block size, ...) • Lakeܳ ҳࢿೞח componentо ցޖ ݆: storage, query engine, metastore, ... • ؘఠ ҙܻо ࢚ਵ۽ ؊ য۵ - Data swamp • External schema ҙܻо ࠂೞ - file format߹۽, store ߹۽, query engine ߹۽ ܰҊ schema evolution ࠺оੋ ҃ب . • SQL ݅ਵ۽ ؘఠ ҙܻܳ ೡ ࣻ হ - Update, Delete?