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JavaScript Server Runtime History
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Yosuke Furukawa
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October 20, 2023
Programming
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3.7k
JavaScript Server Runtime History
2023/10/20 虎の穴ラボで発表した JavaScript Server Runtime の歴史です。
Yosuke Furukawa
PRO
October 20, 2023
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Transcript
JavaScript Server Runtime History 2023/10/20 @ toranoana
X(Twitter): @yosuke_furukawa GitHub: yosuke-furukawa
+4$POGKQ͡·Γ·͢ʔʂ
߽՚εϐʔΧʔਞ
NodeֶԂࡇ 2011 Ryan Dahl changed my life.
JavaScript Server Runtime ͷ ྺ࢙ʹ͍ͭͯ • 90͔Βݱ·ͰৼΓฦΔ • ࠓޙͲ͏͍͏ྲྀΕ͕͋Δ͔ɺͲ͏ͳΔ͔Λ༧ଌ ͢Δ
• ྺ࢙ͬͯ໘ന͍ͷͰݟͯཉ͍͠ • ͍ͨ͜͠ͱΛ͢ɺͳΜ͔ͨΊʹͳΔ͕ฉ͚ Δͱࢥ͍͚ͬͯͳ͍
1995: JavaScript was born
1995 • JavaScript ੜ • Netscape Navigator 2.0 Beta ൛ʹಉࠝ
• ޙʹ 1996ʹਖ਼ࣜϦϦʔε൛͕ൃද
#SFBOEBO&JDIࢯͷϗʔϜϖʔδ ྺ࢙Λײ͡ΔσβΠϯ
1995 • ͔͜͜Β࠷ॳͷ Browser War ͕ى͖Δ • ͍ΘΏΔ Internet Explorer
ਞӦ vs Netscape ਞӦ • ྺ࢙Ͱݴ͏ͱؔέݪͷઓ͍นͷઓ͍ • ·͊ͳΜͱ͍͏͔өըͰݴ͏ͱݟͲ͜Ζͷ෦
1996: Netscape Livewire was born
1996 • ϒϥβઓ૪ͷཪͰͻͬͦΓͱग़͖ͯͨ Netscape Livewire ͱ͍͏αʔόαΠυ JavaScript ٕज़ • ͳΜͱ
HTML λάͷதʹ <server> λάΛॻ͍ͯͦ͜ ʹεΫϦϓτΛॻ͘ͱ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔͱ͍͏༷ • ॻ͍ͨhtmlΛίϯύΠϧ͢ΔͱόΠτίʔυ͕͍ͭͨ ࣮ߦՄೳͳܗࣜʹม͞ΕɺWebαʔόΛىಈͰ͖Δ
Netscape Livewire • HTMLͱಉ͡ॴʹॲཧΛॻ͍ͯɺίϯύΠϧ ͢Δ # jsac ͱ͍͏ίϯύΠϥͰίϯύΠϧ͢Δ $ jsac
-i app.html -o app.web
1996 • ͳΜͱ͜ͷଞʹ Java ͷΫϥεΛݺͼग़ٕ͢ ज़ʢࠓͰݴ͏C++ native codeݺͼग़͢Α͏ͳ ײ͡ʣ͋ͬͨΓ •
Database ଓ͢Δٕज़͋ͬͨ • ͨͩ·͊ΈΜͳͬͯͷ௨Γɺ͜Ε͕ϝΠϯ ετϦʔϜʹͳΔ͜ͱͳ͔ͬͨ
1996 • ཪͰߦΘΕͯΔϒϥβઓ૪։ൃڥͷઓ૪Ͱ͋Δ • Microsoft ASP ͱਅ͔ͬΒରཱ͕ͨ͠ɺ ASP ίϯύ Πϧεςοϓ͕ͳͯ͘ಈ͘ͷʹରͯ͋͠·Γʹݪ࢝
త • ࠓͰͦ͜ JavaScript ϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠͱͯ͠ͷҐ Λཱ֬Ͱ͖͍ͯΔ͕͜ͷ࣌Ͱ·ͩए͗ͨ͢ • ݁ہྲྀߦΒͳ͔ͬͨɻɹ
2009: Node.js was born
2009 • αʔόαΠυ JavaScript ݩ • Node.js ͕ੜ • ಉळʹ
JSConf.EU Ͱ Ryan ͕ൃද
2009 • ͜ͷ࣌ͷ Node.js ͷಛ • Event-driven / Non-blocking IO
• Built on Google V8 • CommonJS • ·ͩ͜ͷͱ͖ npm Windows αϙʔτͳ͍
2009 • Apache HTTP Server ͕ C10K ͱ͍͏൷ΛཋͼͤΒΕ͍ͯͨ ࣌ •
Non blocking IO / Event driven ͳΞʔΩςΫνϟ nginx / event machine ͱ͔Ͱطʹྲྀߦͬͯͨɻ • ͡Ό͋ͦΕΛ JavaScript ͰͬͯΈͨΒͲ͏͔ʁͱ͍͏ΞΠσΞ ޭΛͨ͠ • JavaScript ʹ File IO ॲཧ͕ͳ͘ɺαʔόαΠυͷAPIະ։ ͩͬͨ
2010: npm was born
2010 • 3rd party ͷϥΠϒϥϦΛެ։͠ɺಡΈࠐΉ͜ ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔΈΛ npm ͱ࣮ͯ͠ • ͦΕΛಉࠝ͢Δ͜ͱͰϥΠϒϥϦ։ൃΛ͠
͘͢ɺ·ͨίΞʹΓ͍ͯͳ͍ػೳΛՃ͠ ͨ͘͢͠ • ΤίγεςϜ͕ੜ·Ε͍ͯͬͨ࣌
2010 • Express ͕ొ • socket.io v0.1ޙʹొ • ͔͜͜ΒϒʔϜʹՐ͕͍͍ͭͯ͘ •
Yeoman/grunt/gulp ͱ͔ 2013ʹొ
2011-2014 • 2011: Windows αϙʔτ • 2011: Joyent ͕ग़ࢿ •
2012: Node.js Ϧʔμʔަ Ryan => isaacs • 2014: Node.js Ϧʔμʔަ isaacs => TJ Fontaine
2014: Node.js were forked as io.js
2014 • มԽ͕ى͖ͣɺӢߦ͖͕ո͘͠ͳΔ • ৽͍͠ػೳ͕Ճ͞Εͳ͍ɺόʔδϣϯ͕Ϧ Ϧʔε͞Εͳ͍ • ΤϯλʔϓϥΠζͳ҆ఆੑ͔Γٻ͞Εɺ ৽͍͠ػೳ͕ग़ͯ͜ͳ͍
2014͔ΒίΞͷ։ ൃ͕ఀ͢Δɻ
2015 • io.js ͕ Node.js ΛϑΥʔΫͯ͠ϦϦʔε • ҰؾʹίΞίϛολʔͷେ͕ io.js ଆҠಈ
• io.js ͱ Node.js ͕༥߹͠ɺγϯ Node.js ͱͯ͠։ൃऀ ίϛϡχςΟ͕ओಋ͢Δํ Node.js Foundation ൃ • Node.js v4.0 ͕ϦϦʔε
2015 • ES2015 ͳͲͷ׆ಈ༗Γɺ class, let, const, ESM, ͜͏͍ͬ ͨػೳΛਖ਼ਐԽ͍ͤͯͨ͘͞Ίʹඞཁͳվֵͩͬͨ
• ͔͜͜Β React ͳͲͷՐ͚ੜ·ΕɺϑϩϯτΤϯυ ϒʔϜ͕ى͖Δ • Browserify ͱ͔͕ྲྀߦΓɺ server ͱ client ͷ͕֞ࠜಥഁ͞ Ε͍ͯ͘ • Isomorphic / universal ͱ͔ͷݴ༿͜͜Ͱੜ·ΕΔ
Ұ୴͜͜·ͰͰৼΓฦΓ
The rise of Node.js (2009-2015) • ϦϦʔε͔Βౖ౭ͷ6ؒ • ৽ػೳ͕୯ҐͰՃ͞ΕΔΘ •
ΤίγεςϜ͕Ͱ͖ͯେྔͷ3rd party libੜ·Ε ΔΘ • ϦʔμʔมΘͬͯɺ։ൃओମίϛϡχςΟओಋ ʹมΘΔΘ
The rise of Node.js (2009-2015) • ES2015ͱbabel, React/Vue.js ͳͲͷίϯϙʔωϯτ ࢦϥΠϒϥϦͷຄڵ,
ਐԽͨ͠ Node.js ͦΕͧΕ͕ ҰݸͷʹͳͬͯϒʔϜ͕ੜ·ΕΔ • ͜Ε͕୭͔ʹࢦ͞Ε͔ͨͷΑ͏ͳಈ͖ͰৼΓฦΔͱ ͳΜ͔ࢥ͏ͷ͕͋Δɻ • 2015ʹෳͷϒϨΠΫεϧʔ͕ى͖ͨΑ͏ʹࢥ͑ Δɻ
2016-2018
2016-2018 • ͜ͷ͋ͨΓ͔ΒաڈʹऔΓೖΕ͖ͯͨϥΠϒϥϦ ͷதͰ ES Web Standard ͱҧ͏ΈΛͲ ͏౷߹͢Δ͔͕ٞʹͳ͍ͬͯ͘
• ESModule ͱ CommonJS • Stream / Event Emitter ͱ Promise / WHATWG Stream
2016-2018 • 2016: Leftpad ࣄ͕݅ൃੜ • Npm ͕উखʹϥΠϒϥϦΛফ͢ • ౖͬͨ࡞ऀ͕શͯͷϥΠϒϥϦΛফ͢
• Leftpad ͱ͍͏ϥΠϒϥϦ͕ webpack ͕͍ͬͯͨΓɺ babel ͷҰ෦ͰΘΕ͍ͯͨΓͱ৭ΜͳॴͰϥΠϒϥϦ͕յΕΔ • ͔͜͜ΒɺʮࢲୡɺϥΠϒϥϦґଘ͗͢͠͡ΌͶʁʯ͍ͬͯ͏งғ ؾ͕ྲྀΕΔɻ
2016-2018 • 2018: npm ࢿۚͰ৭ʑͱ͕͠ग़ͯ͘Δ • ϨΠΦϑ͕͋ͬͨΓͱք۾͕͟Θͭ͘ • Ұ୴ github
ͱ౷߹͞Εͯམͪண͘ (2020)
2016-2018 • 2017: Node.js ͕ CommonJS ͱ ESM ͷํΛ૬ ޓޓੑΛอͬͨ··ղܾ͢Δͱ͍͏ํ๏Λ࣮
ɺ֦ுࢠʹΑΔΓํ͕ΛݺͿ • 2017: React Vue.js Ͱ SSR ͢Δͱ͍͏ํ๏͕Ұ ఆͷྲྀߦͷஹ͠ΛݟͤΔɺ͜ͷࠒ Next.js ͕ϦϦʔ ε͞ΕΔɺΫΤϦʔύϥϝʔλͰ͔͠ routing Ͱ͖ͳ͔ͬͨͷͰ͋Μ·Γྲྀߦͬͯͳ͔ͬͨ
2016-2018 • 2016: TypeScript ͕ @types ͳͲͷΈΛ Ҿͬఏ͛ͯܕͷࢀরΛղܾ͢ΔखஈΛఏڙ͠ɺ VS Code
ͳͲͷΤσΟλͱͱʹਐԽ • 2018: Deno ͕ jsconf.eu Ͱൃද͞ΕΔɻ10 Λܦͯ Ryan ͔Β࠶ͼͷൃදɻಛʹ TypeScript native αϙʔτͳͲͷηϯεྲྀੴɻ
ݱ(2019-2023)
ݱ • 2019: Node.js 10पɺࠓޙͷϩʔυϚοϓͱͯ͠ ESM ڧԽɺ fetchɺ single executable
appsɺ TS ͱͷੑ্ͳͲͷ deno Λҙࣝͨ͠ײ͡ʹͳΔɻ • 2020: deno v1.0 ϦϦʔε • 2021: Node.js ʹ web standard ͱͷੑΛڧԽ͢Δ͕૿͑ Δɺ atob / btoa ͱ͔URLͱ͔ͷػೳ͕૿͍͑ͯ͘ • 2021: Node.js Promise Λओମʹͨ͠APIʹมΘΔ
ݱ • 2022: WINTER CG ൃɺ Node.js, Deno, Bun ͳͲͷϒϥβҎ֎ͷϥϯλΠϜͷͨΊ
ͷ༷Խஂମ • Fetch ͷ minimum spec ͱ͔ ৭ʑܾ·ͬͨ
Ұ୴͜͜·ͰͰৼΓฦΓ
ྲྀߦͱڝ૪ • npmҰ࣌ظࢿ͕͕ۚ͋ͬͨɺ GitHub ʹΑΔ ౷߹ͰҰ୴ղܾ͞Εͨ • TypeScript VS
CodeͳͲͷπʔϧपΓ͕ਐԽ ͯ͠ɺେྲྀߦ • Next.js ͕େྲྀߦɺ Vercel ͳͲͷେ͖ͳελʔ τΞοϓ͕ੜ·Εͨ
ྲྀߦͱڝ૪ • ྲྀߦʹΑΓɺ݈શͳڝ૪͕૿͖͑ͯͨΑ͏ʹ ײ͡Δ • Node.js vs Deno vs Bun
Έ͍ͨͳ • ݈શͳڝ૪ͱޓੑͱ༷Խͱ͍͏ਐԽΤ ϯυϢʔβʔʹҰ൪རΛͨΒͯ͘͠ΕΔ ͱࢥ͑Δ
ྲྀߦͱڝ૪ • Node.jsίϛϡχςΟͷ͕ओಋ͞ΕΔɺྲྀߦͬͨͭΛޙ͔ΒऔΓೖΕ͍ͯ͘ํ • Test ͷΈ͕ೖͬͨ • Permission ͕αϙʔτ͞Εͨ •
Experimental Ͱ͋Δ͕ɺ module ղܾͷ default ͕ มߋͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨ ʢdefault Λ esm ʹม͍͑ͯ͜͏ͱͯ͠Δʣ • Single executable fi le ͕࡞ΕΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨ • Web Standard ͱͷੑΛ্͍͛ͯ͜͏ͱͯ͠Δʢnavigator͕ೖͬͨΓʣ • ࠓϚείοτΩϟϥΫλʔืूͯ͠Δͱͷ͜ͱ
ྲྀߦͱڝ૪ • Deno Node.js ͱͷ compat Λ্͍͖͍͛ͯͨํ • npm
support • ͦͷ্ͰπʔϧνΣΠϯɺಈ࡞ڥΛݩʹ։ൃશମΛ Γ্͍͛ͯ͘ • Deno Deploy • Deno fresh
ࠓޙͷ༧
ࠓޙ • Node.jsޓੑ্͕͕Γɺ Deno Bun ͳͲͱͷ ڝ૪͕ͬͱ૿͑Δ • ΤίγεςϜΛͲ͜·ͰࣗͷਞӦʹ࣋ͬͯ͜Ε
Δ͔উෛʹͳΓͦ͏ɻ • ޓੑ্͕͕ΕޙੑೳηΩϡϦςΟ։ൃ ऀମݧӡ༻҆ఆੑͳͲͷඇػೳཁ݅Ͱͷউෛʹ ͳΔ
ࠓޙ • Denoଆ͔ΒݟΔͱɺNode.jsΤίγεςϜͱͷੑ Λ্͛ͯɺԿʹૣ͘ Node.js ͷγΣΞΛୣ͑Δ͔ • Node.js ଆ͔ΒݟΔͱɺଞͷϥϯλΠϜͱͷػೳࠩΛ ແͯ͘͠ɺطଘγΣΞΛҡ࣋Ͱ͖Δ͔
• Bun ଆ͔ΒݟΔͱɺΤίγεςϜͷੑΛ্͛Δͱ ͱʹѹతͳύϑΥʔϚϯεͰੑೳࠩͰѹ͍ͨ͠
ࠓޙ • ࡾऀࡾ༷ • ͜͏͍͏݈શͳڝ૪͕͠Β͘ଓ͖ɺڝ૪ঢ় ଶͷ··ۉߧͦ͠͏ͳؾ͍ͯ͠Δɻ
ࠓޙ • ͜ͷଞͷํੑͱͯ͠: • ΤοδίϯϐϡʔςΟϯάํͰCDNͰಈ͘αʔ όαΠυܰྔJSͷྲྀߦ • ϑϧελοΫͳ JS ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͷོͱਐԽ
• Σϒ։ൃͷਐԽͱͱʹԼճΓΛࢧ͑Δπʔϧͱ ͯ͠ਐԽ͠ଓ͚ͦ͏
·ͱΊ
·ͱΊ • JavaScript Server Runtime ͷྺ࢙ΛৼΓฦͬͨɻ • ίϛϡχςΟͱྗΛ࣋ͬͨاۀ͕࿈ಈ͠ͳ͕Βൃల͖ͯͨ͠ ྺ࢙ͩͬͨΑ͏ʹײ͡Δɻ •
݈શͳڝ૪ʹΑΔػೳͱඇػೳͷࠩผԽ͕ܹԽͯ͠Δ • ҰํͰڞ௨ԽΛWinterCGΛத৺ʹߦΘΕ͍ͯΔ • ·ͩ·ͩൃల͍͖ͯͦ͠͏ɺ։ൃऀʹ༏͍͠ൃల͕ࠓޙ ·ΕΔ
12લʹͷਓੜΛม͑ͨΑ ͏ʹࠓͷ Ryan ͷൃදͰ୭ ͔ͷਓੜ͕มΘΔͱ͍͍ͳͱ ࢥ͍·͢ɻ
Thanks!!
ࢀߟࢿྉ • https://webdevelopmenthistory.com/1995-the-birth-of-javascript/ • https://webdevelopmenthistory.com/1996-javascript-annoyances-and- meeting-the-dom/ • https://dev.to/macargnelutti/server-side-javascript-a-decade-before-node-js- with-netscape-livewire-l72 •
https://philip.greenspun.com/wtr/livewire.html • http://sunsite.uakom.sk/sunworldonline/swol-08-1999/swol-08- webmaster.html • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node.js • https://yosuke-furukawa.hatenablog.com/entry/2022/04/08/111651