Introduction to Perl 6 Native Call

Introductory information to write and use native libraries from Perl 6

Transcript

1. INTRODUCTION TO PERL 6 NATIVE CALL 2016-07-29 @Kichijoji.pm GitHub: @yowcow Twitter: @beaconsco
2. WHO I AM My name is Yoko Oyama Have GitHub @yowcow Work for Marketing Applications, Inc.
3. Recently created Perl 6 modules: D i g e s t : : M u r m u r H a s h 3 Murmurhash3 hashing for Perl 6 Uses native call! A l g o r i t h m : : B l o o m F i l t e r A bloom lter implementation with murmurhash3 hashing
4. THINGS TO BE DISCUSSED Perl 6 Native library call Compiling and building a native library Types in native call Pitfalls Creating a module with native call Why C now?
5. PERL 6
6. Perl 6 -- Many new features greatly advance our tradition of expressive and feature-rich programming http://perl6.org/
7. CHARACTERISTICS Object-oriented programming including generics, roles and multiple dispatch Functional programming primitives, lazy and eager list evaluation, junctions, autothreading and hyperoperators (vector operators) Parallelism, concurrency, and asynchrony including multi-core support De nable grammars for pattern matching and generalized string processing Optional and gradual typing
8. INSTALLATION http://perl6.org/downloads/ or through https://github.com/tadzik/rakudobrew
9. u s e v 6 ; u s e T e s t ; c l a s s M y C l a s s { o u r s u b a d d - a l l ( * @ n u m b e r s ) r e t u r n s I n t { [ + ] @ n u m b e r s ; } } m y I n t $ n u m b e r = 1 ; i s M y C l a s s : : a d d - a l l ( $ n u m b e r , 2 , 3 ) , 6 , ' 1 + 2 + 3 i s 6 ' ; d o n e - t e s t i n g ;
10. NATIVE LIBRARY CALL
11. Native libraries are -- -- platform-speci c library les, including . d l l , . s o Something reusable, and compiled down into platform- speci c machine code. Ref: http://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSAW57_8.0.0/com.ibm.websphere.nd.doc/info/ae/ae/tc
12. In Perl 6, we can call C library through N a t i v e C a l l . https://docs.perl6.org/language/nativecall
13. libhoge.c # i n c l u d e < s t d i n t . h > u i n t 3 2 _ t a d d _ u i n t 3 2 ( u i n t 3 2 _ t a , u i n t 3 2 _ t b ) { r e t u r n a + b ; } MyHoge.pm6 u s e v 6 ; u s e N a t i v e C a l l ; u n i t m o d u l e M y H o g e ; o u r s u b a d d ( u i n t 3 2 , u i n t 3 2 ) r e t u r n s u i n t 3 2 i s n a t i v e ( ' . / l i b h o g e . s o ' ) i s s y m b o l ( ' a d d _ u i n t 3 2 ' ) { * }
14. COMPILING AND BUILDING A NATIVE LIBRARY
15. CREATE A SHARED OBJECT WITH GCC Compile C code into object le g c c - O 2 - f P I C - c l i b h o g e . c - o l i b h o g e . o Link object into executable le g c c - O 2 - f P I C - s h a r e d l i b h o g e . o - o l i b h o g e . s o
16. GCC OPTIONS IN USE - O 2 : Optimize - f P I C : Create "Position Independent Code" - c : No linking - o : Output le - s h a r e d : Create shared object
17. TEST NATIVE CALL FROM PERL 6 test.p6 u s e v 6 ; u s e M y H o g e ; u s e T e s t ; i s M y H o g e : : a d d ( 1 , 2 ) , 3 , ' 1 + 2 i s 3 ' ; d o n e - t e s t i n g ; Run test: p r o v e - e " p e r l 6 - I . " t e s t . p 6 t e s t . p 6 . . o k A l l t e s t s s u c c e s s f u l . F i l e s = 1 , T e s t s = 1 , 0 w a l l c l o c k s e c s ( 0 . 0 1 u s r 0 . 0 1 s y s + 0 . 4 6 c u s r 0 . 0 5 R e s u l t : P A S S
18. AUTOMATION WITH MAKEFILE Create a Make le like: . P H O N Y : t e s t c l e a n C F L A G S = - f P I C - O 2 a l l : l i b h o g e . s o l i b h o g e . s o : l i b h o g e . o $ ( C C ) $ ( C F L A G S ) - s h a r e d l i b h o g e . o - o $ @ l i b h o g e . o : l i b h o g e . c $ ( C C ) $ ( C F L A G S ) - c l i b h o g e . c - o $ @ t e s t : l i b h o g e . s o p r o v e - e " p e r l 6 - I . " t e s t . p 6 c l e a n : - r m l i b h o g e . o l i b h o g e . s o and do: m a k e & & m a k e t e s t & & m a k e c l e a n
19. TYPES IN NATIVE CALL
20. AVAILABLE TYPES Ref: https://docs.perl6.org/language/nativecall#Passing_and_Returning_Values
21. STATIC TYPING When using native call... Explicitly declare variable types Pass a variable as a speci c type into C library Interpret what C library returns as a speci c type
22. ARRAYS Use class C A r r a y [ t y p e ] for C array. i n t 3 2 _ t a d d _ a l l ( i n t 3 2 _ t n u m b e r s [ ] , u i n t 3 2 _ t s i z e ) { u i n t 3 2 _ t i ; i n t 3 2 _ t s u m = 0 ; f o r ( i = 0 ; i < s i z e ; i + + ) { s u m + = n u m b e r s [ i ] ; } r e t u r n s u m ; } s u b a d d - a l l ( C A r r a y [ i n t 3 2 ] , u i n t 3 2 ) r e t u r n s i n t 3 2 i s n a t i v e ( ' . / l i b h o g e . s o ' ) i s s y m b o l ( ' a d d _ a l l ' ) { * } m y @ n u m b e r s : = C A r r a y [ u i n t 3 2 ] . n e w ; @ n u m b e r s [ 0 ] = 1 ; @ n u m b e r s [ 1 ] = 2 ; @ n u m b e r s [ 3 ] = 3 ; i s a d d - a l l ( @ n u m b e r s , @ n u m b e r s . e l e m s ) , 6 ;
23. STRUCT t y p e d e f s t r u c t p e r s o n { u i n t 3 2 _ t i d ; c h a r * n a m e ; } P e r s o n ; P e r s o n * P e r s o n _ c r e a t e ( u i n t 3 2 _ t i d , c h a r * n a m e ) { P e r s o n * p = m a l l o c ( s i z e o f ( P e r s o n ) ) ; p - > i d = i d ; p - > n a m e = n a m e ; r e t u r n p ; }
24. Use type C S t r u c t for struct object. c l a s s P e r s o n r e p r ( ' C S t r u c t ' ) { h a s u i n t 3 2 $ . i d ; h a s S t r $ . n a m e ; s u b c r e a t e ( u i n t 3 2 , S t r ) r e t u r n P e r s o n i s n a t i v e ( . / l i b h o g e . s o ' ) i s s y m b o l ( ' P e r s o n _ c r e a t e ' ) { * } m e t h o d n e w ( I n t : $ i d , S t r : $ n a m e ) { c r e a t e ( $ i d , $ n a m e ) } } m y P e r s o n $ p = P e r s o n . n e w ( i d = > 1 2 3 , n a m e = > ' h o g e ' ) ; i s $ p . i d , 1 2 3 ; i s $ p . n a m e , ' h o g e ' ;
25. Memory is managed by Perl 6. When the last reference to a struct object goes away, GC will free the memory. Except when struct-based type is used. Object members are not in "containers" Assigning a value to a member will not work t y p e d e f s t r u c t l i n e { P o i n t * p 1 , P o i n t * p 2 } L i n e ; / / M u s t f r e e b y y o u r s e $ ! i d = 1 2 3 4 ; # C a n n o t a s s i g n t o a n i m m u t a b l e v a l u e
26. PITFALLS
27. USE BINDING : = FOR C-ARRAY Write either: m y @ a r r a y : = C A r r a y [ u i n t 3 2 ] . n e w ; or m y $ a r r a y = C A r r a y [ u i n t 3 2 ] . n e w ; and not m y @ a r r a y = C A r r a y [ u i n t 3 2 ] . n e w ; Ref https://docs.perl6.org/language/nativecall#Arrays
28. UNSIGNED INT BECOMES SIGNED IN C-ARRAY Type u i n t 3 2 works for scalar... # i n c l u d e < s t d i n t . h > u i n t 3 2 _ t b i g _ u i n t 3 2 ( ) { r e t u r n s U I N T 3 2 _ M A X ; } u s e v 6 ; u s e N a t i v e C a l l ; s u b b i g _ u i n t 3 2 ( ) r e t u r n u i n t 3 2 i s n a t i v e ( ' . . . ' ) { * } s a y b i g _ u i n t 3 2 ( ) ; # 4 2 9 4 9 6 7 2 9 5
29. But when it's CArray... v o i d b i g _ u i n t 3 2 _ a r r a y ( u i n t 3 2 _ t n u m b e r s [ ] ) { n u m b e r s [ 0 ] = U I N T 3 2 _ M A X ; } u s e N a t i v e C a l l ; s u b b i g _ u i n t 3 2 _ a r r a y ( C A r r a y [ u i n t 3 2 ] ) i s n a t i v e ( ' . . . ' ) { * } m y @ n u m : = C A r r a y [ u i n t 3 2 ] . n e w ; @ n u m [ 0 ] = 0 ; b i g _ u i n t 3 2 _ a r r a y ( @ n u m ) ; s a y @ n u m [ 0 ] ; # - 1
30. What I did in D i g e s t : : M u r m u r H a s h 3 ... c o n s t a n t U I N T 3 2 _ M A X = 4 2 9 4 9 6 7 2 9 5 ; o u r s u b f i x - s i g n - b i t ( I n t : D $ v - - > I n t ) { $ v . s i g n = = - 1 ? ? $ v + 1 + U I N T 3 2 _ M A X ! ! $ v ; }
31. CREATING A MODULE WITH NATIVE CALL
32. Install App::Mi6 LibraryMake and see https://github.com/skaji/perl6-librarymake-example
33. APP::MI6 Perl 5's Minilla-like module skelton generator, and builder Does basic M E T A 6 . j s o n management and build R E A D M E . m d from POD
34. LIBRARYMAKE Helps compiling and building a native library Generates a M a k e f i l e from a template M a k e f i l e . i n Derives appropriate native library extension . s o , . d l l , or . d y l i b for a platform
35. SEE ALSO Important information on module authoring Helpful tools when developing a module https://docs.perl6.org/language/modules#Distributing_Modu https://docs.perl6.org/language/modules-extra
36. OTHER USEFUL RESOURCES
37. LEARN C THE HARD WAY http://c.learncodethehardway.org/book/
38. K AND R BOOK The C Programming Language
39. WHY C NOW? C language is old. Today, "Go" and other languages are taking its position. But C still brings us a good opportunity to learn. How programs are compiled, linked, and ran How memory is allocated, used, and freed How to resolve realworld problems with primitive functions and libraries
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