Open Science session DGHM/VAAM 2017

"Open Science and its implementation" session/workshop at the 5th Joint Conference of the DGHM & VAAM (http://www.microbiology-infection.de/) on the 7th of March 2017.

This talk is a short introduction into Open Science from a life scientist's perspective. It should serve as a collection of Open Science ideas and resources, as well as serve a thought-provoking purpose.

Authors:
Andreas Leimbach, University of Münster, Institute of Hygiene
Konrad Förstner, University of Würzburg, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB)

Talk licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Source links for pictures with non-CC0 licenses are given. Non-licensed are the UKM logo and University of Würzburg seal.

Transcript

1. Open Science session DGHM/VAAM 2017 Konrad Förstner Andreas Leimbach @konradfoerstner @aleimba The opinions expressed here represent our own and not those of our affiliations. Talk licensed under CC-BY. Source links for pictures with non-CC0 licenses are given. Non-licensed are the UKM logo and University of Würzburg seal.
2. Resources • Twitter handle: #OSdghmvaam • Slides available at: https://speakerdeck.com/aleimba/vaam-2017 or http://bit.ly/2lIbmaH • Etherpad for collaborative note taking (OpenScienceSession_DGHM-VAAM2017): https://etherpad.gwdg.de/p/OpenScienceSession_DGHM-VAAM2017 or http://bit.ly/2lvTi4e pad slides
3. Outline 1. Short introduction to Open Science 2. Collecting ideas with the audience 3. Summary 4. What can you do right now?
4. Scientific progress relies on sharing of both scientific ideas and scientific methodology “If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants” -- Isaac Newton 1676 Robert Koch Fanny Angelina Hesse
5. Research cycle
6. What is Open Science? • Open science is the concept of making all aspects of scientific research publicly accessible, to allow others to follow the process and collaborate/discuss – Transparency in methods, data, and analyses – Public availability and reusability of scientific data • Open science promotes – Integrity and quality of research – Reproducibility – Reusability – Open communication CC-BY https://github.com/OKScienceDE/AG_Open_Science_Logo/ blob/master/AG_Open_Science_Logo.png published hidden
7. What is Open Science? • Open science is the concept of making all aspects of scientific research publicly accessible, to allow others to follow the process and collaborate/discuss – Transparency in methods, data, and analyses – Public availability and reusability of scientific data • Open science promotes – Integrity and quality of research – Reproducibility – Reusability – Open communication published hidden Good scientific practice CC-BY https://github.com/OKScienceDE/AG_Open_Science_Logo/ blob/master/AG_Open_Science_Logo.png
8. Open Science’s purpose? Make science great (again)!!!! CC-BY-SA https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_(TheDon).png
9. Open science intents to lower barriers • Many barriers for scientific advancement: – Economic: Paywalls – Cultural: Peer review delays – Methodological: incomplete methods description – Systemic: Incentives to hide data and methods • Value of reuse
10. Why are scientists not doing Open Science? • Cost of sharing • Lack of training and conservatism of practice • No incentives (no metrics for evaluation) • Reputation “game” • Commercial interests (publishers) • Minimal accountability John R. McKiernan CC-BY http://whyopenresearch.org
11. Reproducibility crisis • Foremost psychology, e.g. about two thirds of 100 high-impact studies non- reproducible: http://go.nature.com/1JBe4Yo • “Arsenic-life” bacterium GFAJ-1 – Wolfe-Simon F. et al. (2011) “A bacterium that can grow by using arsenic instead of phosphorus”. Science 332(6034): 1163-1166. • STAP cells (Stimulus-Triggered Acquisition of Pluripotency) – Obokata H. et al. (2014) "Stimulus-triggered fate conversion of somatic cells into pluripotency". Nature 505(7485): 641-647. – Obokata H. et al. (2014) "Bidirectional developmental potential in reprogrammed cells with acquired pluripotency". Nature 505(7485): 676-680. • Plant scientist Olivier Voinnet – 8 retractions, 17 corrections – Science, PNAS, EMBO Journal etc. – EMBO gold medal revoked • etc.
12. If you could start the scientific discovery enterprise from scratch, how would you imagine it?
13. Idea collection
14. Facets of Open Science
15. What can you do right now? • Use/promote – open access journals – preprint servers (and publish freely accessible post-prints, e.g. http://dissem.in) – data repositories for your research data • Document and release code • Use the reviewing process to promote open science (e.g. “The Open Science Peer Review Oath”) • Interact with colleagues and public via social media (blogs, Twitter etc.) • Integrate Open Science in your classes (e.g. “The Open Science and Reproducible Research course”) – Do replication studies with students: Data available?, Code available and usable?, Methods detailed enough? • Organize Trainings: Software/Data/Library Carpentry, Hackathons etc. • Abandon the broken "journal prestige" system to influence university administration on matters of research evaluation and tenure (e.g. Felix Schönbrodt University of Munich, http://www.nicebread.de/open-science-hiring-practices/), and on grant panels and editorial boards
16. What can you do right now? • Use/promote – open access journals – preprint servers (and publish freely accessible post-prints, e.g. http://dissem.in) – data repositories for your research data • Document and release code • Use the reviewing process to promote open science (e.g. “The Open Science Peer Review Oath”) • Interact with colleagues and public via social media (blogs, Twitter etc.) • Integrate Open Science in your classes (e.g. “The Open Science and Reproducible Research course”) – Do replication studies with students: Data available?, Code available and usable?, Methods detailed enough? • Organize Trainings: Software/Data/Library Carpentry, Hackathons etc. • Abandon the broken "journal prestige" system to influence university administration on matters of research evaluation and tenure (e.g. Felix Schönbrodt University of Munich, http://www.nicebread.de/open-science-hiring-practices/), and on grant panels and editorial boards Create a reward system that promotes openness and has incentives to share results
17. You can get involved OKF (Open Knowledge foundation) Open Science Working Group: http://science.okfn.org/ German Speaking Open Science group of the OKF: https://www.ag-openscience.de/ Do we need an Open Science working group in the DGHM/VAAM? CC-BY https://github.com/OKScienceDE/AG_Open_Science_Logo/ blob/master/AG_Open_Science_Logo.png
18. Watson M (2015) When will ‘open science’ become simply ‘science’? Genome Biol. 16(1): 101. CC-BY https://github.com/OKScienceDE/AG_Open_Science_Logo/ blob/master/AG_Open_Science_Logo.png
19. Further information/References (1) Background links • Open Research Glossary: https://figshare.com/articles/Open_Research_Glossary/1482094 • Prof. Titus C. Brown “What is open science?”: http://ivory.idyll.org/blog/2016-what-is-open-science.html • Dr. Graziella DiRenzo "Open science: why is everyone talking about it?": http://grazielladirenzo.weebly.com/bayes-the-way/open-science-why-is-everyone-talking-abou t-it • Prof. Dan Gezelter “What, exactly, is Open Science?”: http://www.openscience.org/blog/?p=269 • F1000 blog Eva Amsen “What is open science?”: https://blog.f1000.com/2014/11/11/what-is-open-science/
20. Further information/References (2) Background Publications • McKiernan EC et al. 2016. How open science helps researchers succeed. eLife 5:e16800. • Fang FC, Casadevall A. 2015. Competitive science: is competition ruining science? Infect Immun 83:1229–1233. • Edwards MA, Roy S. 2017. Academic Research in the 21st Century: Maintaining Scientific Integrity in a Climate of Perverse Incentives and Hypercompetition. Environ Eng Sci 34:51–61. • Munafò MR et al. 2017. A manifesto for reproducible science. Nature Human Behaviour 1:21. • Barone L et al. 2017. Unmet Needs for Analyzing Biological Big Data: A Survey of 704 NSF Principal Investigators. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/108555 • McKiernan EC. 2017. Imagining the “open” university: Sharing science to improve research and education. e2711v1. PeerJ Preprints. • Markowetz F. 2015. Five selfish reasons to work reproducibly. Genome Biol 16:274.
21. Further information/References (3) General • Open Science Radio: http://www.openscienceradio.de/ • Center for Open Science (COS): http://centerforopenscience.org/ • Mozilla Science Lab: https://www.mozillascience.org/ • Open source/data licenses: https://choosealicense.com/ • F1000 Research “Guide to open science publishing”: http:// f1000.com/resources/F1000R_Guide_OpenScience.pdf • Innovations in Scholarly Communication: https://101innovations.wordpress.com/ Alternative measures of impact • Leiden manifesto for research Metrics: http://www.leidenmanifesto.org/ • San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA): http://www.ascb.org/dora/ • Unique Researcher ID for all research output, ORCID: http://orcid.org/ • Contributorship badges/CRediT taxonomy: – https://badges.mozillascience.org/ – http://dictionary.casrai.org/Contributor_Roles • Altmetric: http://www.altmetric.com • Impactstory: https://impactstory.org
22. Further information/References (4) Open Access • open-access.net: https://www.open-access.net/DE-EN/germany-english/ • Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ): https://doaj.org/ • Raphaël Lévy (2015) “Where to Publish Our Next Paper? – Letter to a Group Member” JUnQ, 5, 1 • Schloss PD. 2017. Preprinting Microbiology. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/110858 • Preprint server: – bioRxiv: http://biorxiv.org/ – arXiv: http://arxiv.org/ – PeerJ preprints: https://peerj.com/preprints/ • Journal preprint/post-print policies: – SHERPA/RoMEO rchiveit wrapper: http://rchive.it/ – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_academic_journals_by_preprint_policy
23. Further information/References (5) Open Data • Publish the whole research cycle: – Open Science Framework (OSF): https://osf.io/ – Research Ideas and Outcomes (RIO) Journal: http://riojournal.com/ • DataONE Best Practices Database for Data/Open Data: https://www.dataone.org/best-practices • Data repositories: – Dryad: http://datadryad.org/ – Zenodo: http://www.zenodo.org/ – Figshare: http://figshare.com/ – Treebase: http://treebase.org/treebase-web/home.html – re3data.org – Registry of Research Data Repositories: http://www.re3data.org/ • Data journals (later publication in a “normal” journal still possible): – NPG’s Scientific Data: http://www.nature.com/sdata/ – GigaScience (“Big Data” Journal): http://www.gigasciencejournal.com/
24. Further information/References (6) Open Source • Code repositories/collaborative coding: – GitHub: http://github.com/ – Bitbucket: http://bitbucket.org/ – SourceForge: http://sourceforge.net/ • Get a citable DOI (digital object identifier) for your source code with: – Figshare: http://figshare.com/ – Zenodo: http://www.zenodo.org/
25. Further information/References (7) Open Peer Review • Aleksic J et al. 2015. An Open Science Peer Review Oath. F1000Research 3:271. • Open Peer Review Journals: – The EMBO Journal: http://emboj.embopress.org/ – PeerJ: http://peerj.com – GigaScience: http://www.gigasciencejournal.com/ – etc. • Post-publication peer review – F1000 Research: http://f1000research.com/ – ScienceOpen: https://www.scienceopen.com/ • Discuss published articles: – PubPeer: https://pubpeer.com/ – RetractionWatch: http://retractionwatch.com/ – PubMed Commons: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedcommons/ – Blogs etc. • Take credit for Peer Review – Publons: http://publons.com/
26. Further information/References (8) Open Educational resources • Data Carpentry: http://datacarpentry.org/ • Software Carpentry: https://software-carpentry.org/ • Rosalind: http://rosalind.info/ • Dr. Christie Bahlai “The Open Science and Reproducible Research course” (for organismal ecologists, but generally applicable): https://github.com/cbahlai/OSRR_course • Massive open online courses (MOOCs): – MIT OpenCourseWare: http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm – Udacity: https://www.udacity.com/ – edX: https://www.edx.org/ – Coursera: https://www.coursera.org/ – etc. Open Notebook • OpenWetWare: http://openwetware.org/ • Jupyter Notebook: https://jupyter.org/ • R Markdown: http://rmarkdown.rstudio.com/