Millisecond Pulsar Population

Invited review talk about current status of recycled millisecond pulsars (P_spin <10 ms) presented at the 11th Neutron Star Bonn Workshop on 11/12/2017.

Transcript

1. 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop on Formation and Evolution Of Neutron Stars 11/12/2017 Amruta Jaodand Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop COMPANY NAME MILLISECOND PULSAR POPULATION
2. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop 1. Millisecond Pulsars 2.Current Population 3.Applications 4.Future Prospects 4.1.Potential Science Questions Outline
3. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop Millisecond Pulsars 1 Introduction
4. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop DISCOVERY 1982, D. Backer, Millisecond Pulsar, PSR J1937+21 P < 10ms in this talk.
5. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop DISCOVERY 1982, D. Backer, Millisecond Pulsar, PSR J1937+21 RL=P*c/2π Radhakrishnan and Cooke, 1969 P < 10ms in this talk.
6. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop PULSAR RECYCLING Binary SN Low Mass X-ray Binary State Bill Saxton; NRAO/AUI/NSF Radio Millisecond Pulsar State Backer, Kulkarni et al. 1982 - Short period, small period derivative Alpar, Cheng, Ruderman & Shaham, A new class of radio pulsars, Nature, 300, 728, 1982 Radhakrishnan & Srinivasan 1982
7. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop Current Population
 Diverse Manifestations 2
8. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop CURRENT STATUS 105 yr 106 yr 107 yr 108 yr 109 yr 1010G 1011G 1012G 1013G 1014G 10 3 10 2 10 1 100 101 Period (s) 10 22 10 20 10 18 10 16 10 14 10 12 10 10 Period Derivative SGR/AXP Binary Radio-IR Emission ”Radio-Quiet” RRAT Pulsed Thermal X-ray SNR 1 Young Pulsars Double NS Magnetars 2 Normal pulsars 4 Millisecond Pulsars 2976 pulsars in total Made using Matt Pitkin's psrqpy package
9. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop CURRENT STATUS 105 yr 106 yr 107 yr 108 yr 109 yr 1010G 1011G 1012G 1013G 1014G 10 3 10 2 10 1 100 101 Period (s) 10 22 10 20 10 18 10 16 10 14 10 12 10 10 Period Derivative SGR/AXP Binary Radio-IR Emission ”Radio-Quiet” RRAT Pulsed Thermal X-ray SNR 1 Young Pulsars Double NS Magnetars 2 Normal pulsars 4 Millisecond Pulsars 2976 pulsars in total Made using Matt Pitkin's psrqpy package
10. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop CURRENT STATUS 105 yr 106 yr 107 yr 108 yr 109 yr 1010G 1011G 1012G 1013G 1014G 10 3 10 2 10 1 100 101 Period (s) 10 22 10 20 10 18 10 16 10 14 10 12 10 10 Period Derivative SGR/AXP Binary Radio-IR Emission ”Radio-Quiet” RRAT Pulsed Thermal X-ray SNR 1 Young Pulsars Double NS Magnetars 2 Normal pulsars 4 Millisecond Pulsars 10 7 yr 10 8 yr 10 9 yr 10 10 G 10 11 G 10 3 10 2 10 1 100 101 Period (s) 10 22 10 21 10 20 10 19 10 18 10 17 Period Derivative Binary Radio-IR Emission 2976 pulsars in total Made using Matt Pitkin's psrqpy package
11. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop CURRENT STATUS 105 yr 106 yr 107 yr 108 yr 109 yr 1010G 1011G 1012G 1013G 1014G 10 3 10 2 10 1 100 101 Period (s) 10 22 10 20 10 18 10 16 10 14 10 12 10 10 Period Derivative SGR/AXP Binary Radio-IR Emission ”Radio-Quiet” RRAT Pulsed Thermal X-ray SNR 1 Young Pulsars Double NS Magnetars 2 Normal pulsars 4 Millisecond Pulsars 10 7 yr 10 8 yr 10 9 yr 10 10 G 10 11 G 10 3 10 2 10 1 100 101 Period (s) 10 22 10 21 10 20 10 19 10 18 10 17 Period Derivative Binary Radio-IR Emission 308 millisecond pulsars (F0>100Hz) 18 millisecond pulsars (F0>500Hz) 2 millisecond pulsars (F0>700Hz) 2976 pulsars in total Made using Matt Pitkin's psrqpy package
12. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop PSR BOOM New telescopes, new backends, new algorithms - acceleration searches 2004-03-28 2004-07-27 2005-03-11 2005-05-21 2006-01-26 2006-05-09 2007-01-09 2007-11-22 2009-05-05 2010-05-07 2011-07-23 2012-05-17 2013-03-28 2013-07-04 2013-11-04 2014-03-17 2014-11-13 2015-03-13 2015-06-29 2015-11-10 2016-11-14 2017-03-17 Time (YY-MM-DD) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 No. of recycled MSPs More than double the MSPs! Sky surveys: Parkes Multi-Beam led the way! GBT-drift scan and North Celestial Cap surveys; Arecibo - 327 MHz drift-scan and ALFA survey; HTRU- Northern and Southern sky surveys Fermi Treasure Map
13. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop MIRUM LECTORUM Triple 1 Isolated 113 Binary 194 120 are in Globular Clusters, 116 Radio sources, 73 Gamma-ray sources, 51 X-ray sources MSP MANIFESTATIONS Diversity in MSPs (P< 10ms)
14. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop 30% MIRUM LECTORUM MSP BINARIES Black Widows “Black Widow” pulsar, B1957+20, Fruchter et al.(1988) Companion Mass, <0.01-0.1 M_sun Orbital Period, short <3.5 hrs Orbital evolution, peculiar, spin-orbit coupling Known Black Widows, 40
15. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop 30% MIRUM LECTORUM MSP BINARIES Redbacks “Redback” pulsars, Companion Mass, 0.15-0.4 M_sun Orbital periods, 4-15 hr Non-deterministic orbital 
 variations Almost Roche Lobe Filling, Breton et al.(2010) Known Redbacks, 22
16. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop MSP BINARIES PSR J1023+0038, (1.69 ms) Archibald et al. (2009) XSS J12270−4859, (1.69 ms) Bassa et al. (2014) PSR J1824–2452I (3.9 ms) Papitto et al. (2013) 3FGL J1544-1125 (?? ms) Bogdanov & Halpern (2015) Transitional Millisecond Pulsars Binary SN Low Mass X-ray Binary State Bill Saxton; NRAO/AUI/NSF Radio Millisecond Pulsar State
17. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop MSP BINARIES Triple MSP System PSR J0337+1715: 365.95 HZ Fig. : Jason Hessels See talk by Anne Archibald Ransom et al. 2014
18. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Spin frequency (Hz) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 No. of recycled MSPs OUTLIERS Spin frequency Distribution Observational bias or formation mechanism? Bassa et al 2017 - 707 Hz first galactic field MSP Plenius et al. 2017 - 411.89 Hz
19. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Spin frequency (Hz) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 No. of recycled MSPs OUTLIERS Spin frequency Distribution Observational bias or formation mechanism? Bassa et al 2017 - 707 Hz first galactic field MSP Plenius et al. 2017 - 411.89 Hz 56500 57000 57500 58000 Time(MJD) 2 1 0 1 2 3 ⌫ ⌫0 (10 7 Hz) Obs. 2 Obs. 3 Obs. 4-7 Obs. 8-10 Obs. 11-14 Spin down extrapolated from radio pulsar state Best-fit constant spin-down in LMXB state: Full Baseline Best-fit constant spin-down in LMXB state: Short Baseline Current spin-frequency measurements in LMXB state 10 5 0 5 10 P P0 (10 10 ms) Jaodand et al. 2016
20. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop OUTLIERS Redbacks Image from Papitto et al. 2014, arXiv:1310.7803 Black Widows Chen et al. 2013 PSR J2129−0429 PSR J1301+0833 Extreme Black Widows — Tidarreans: PSR J1301+0833, Companion Mass < 0.01 M_sun Redback at bifurcation — PSR J2129−0429, Companion Mass = 0.44 M_sun , P_orb=15.2 hr Romani et al. 2016 Bellm et al.2015
21. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop OUTLIERS Antoniadis et al. 2013, Antoniadis et al. 2016 Bimodal mass distribution: With low mass (1.39 M_sun) and high mass (1.8 M_sun) 1) Precise known mass 2) Known total mass 3) Known mass ratio PSR J0348+0432 : 2.01+/-0.04 ,M_sun MSPS DNS
22. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop Applications 3 Precise Timers & Strongly Self-Gravitating
23. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop PULSAR TIMING ARRAYS LIGO-VIRGO: gravitational waves (GWs) from BBHs and BNSs (GW170817) PTAs probe GWs in the nHz regime from: a) Cosmic strings b) Supermassive black hole merger - stochastic signal and merger event Sanidas et al. 2012, Jose J. Blanco-Pillado et al. 2017 Lentati et al. 2015, Verbiest et al. 2016, Mingarelli et al. 2017 Fig. : Christopher Berry See talk by H. Middleton
24. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop EQUATION OF STATE Review: Ozel and Freire 2016 Millisecond pulsar mass measurement: Fantastic timers, low orbital eccentricities 1. Pulsars in GCs - eccentricity due to interaction
 2. Shapiro delay measurement
 3. Spectroscopic measurement - Balmer lines 
 4. Stellar triples Ransom et al. 2005, Freire et al 2008 Jacoby et al. 2005, Demorest et al. 2010 Callanan et al. 1998, Antoniadis et al. 2012 Champion et al 2008, Ransom et al. 2014 Millisecond pulsar radius measurement: 1. Spectroscopic measurement 2. Timing Measurements See talk by N.U.Bastian for more details
25. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop OTHER APPLICATIONS Understanding of pulsar emission physics Galactic centre excess? See talks by: Stellar Evolution - John Antoniadis Inter stellar medium - Caterina Tiburzi Strong field tests of gravity - Shao and Archibald tMSPs are fantastic probes of low-level accretion onto neutron stars Accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars Review: Patruno and Watts 2012 Jaodand, Hessels & Archiabld 2017 Accretion Physics Bogdanov 2017
26. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop Future Prospects 4 New Means To Find MSPS & Holy Grails
27. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop INTERFEROMETRIC ERA Fig: M. Kramer
28. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop INTERFEROMETRIC ERA Higher instantaneous sensitivities for SKA, MeerKAT and pathfinders Fig: M. Kramer
29. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop INTERFEROMETRIC ERA Higher instantaneous sensitivities for SKA, MeerKAT and pathfinders SKA’s large field of view, collecting area, bandwidth Fig: M. Kramer
30. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop INTERFEROMETRIC ERA Higher instantaneous sensitivities for SKA, MeerKAT and pathfinders SKA’s large field of view, collecting area, bandwidth Millisecond pulsar yield : ~3000 MSPs, 1000 in globular clusters Fig: M. Kramer
31. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop INTERFEROMETRIC ERA Higher instantaneous sensitivities for SKA, MeerKAT and pathfinders SKA’s large field of view, collecting area, bandwidth Millisecond pulsar yield : ~3000 MSPs, 1000 in globular clusters Kramer (2004), SKA Science, Smits et al. (2008), Fig: M. Kramer
32. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop INTERFEROMETRIC ERA Higher instantaneous sensitivities for SKA, MeerKAT and pathfinders SKA’s large field of view, collecting area, bandwidth Millisecond pulsar yield : ~3000 MSPs, 1000 in globular clusters Kramer (2004), SKA Science, Smits et al. (2008), SKA science tome (2014), Kramer and Stappers (2015) Fig: M. Kramer
33. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop INTERFEROMETRIC ERA Higher instantaneous sensitivities for SKA, MeerKAT and pathfinders SKA’s large field of view, collecting area, bandwidth Millisecond pulsar yield : ~3000 MSPs, 1000 in globular clusters Kramer (2004), SKA Science, Smits et al. (2008), SKA science tome (2014), Kramer and Stappers (2015) Computational challenges: First we need to find PSRs Fig: M. Kramer
34. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop INTERFEROMETRIC ERA Higher instantaneous sensitivities for SKA, MeerKAT and pathfinders SKA’s large field of view, collecting area, bandwidth Millisecond pulsar yield : ~3000 MSPs, 1000 in globular clusters Kramer (2004), SKA Science, Smits et al. (2008), SKA science tome (2014), Kramer and Stappers (2015) Computational challenges: First we need to find PSRs and then we need to time the PSRs! Fig: M. Kramer
35. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop INTERFEROMETRIC ERA Higher instantaneous sensitivities for SKA, MeerKAT and pathfinders SKA’s large field of view, collecting area, bandwidth Millisecond pulsar yield : ~3000 MSPs, 1000 in globular clusters Kramer (2004), SKA Science, Smits et al. (2008), SKA science tome (2014), Kramer and Stappers (2015) Computational challenges: First we need to find PSRs and then we need to time the PSRs! MachineLearning: Eatough et al (2010), Lyon et al. 2016 Fig: M. Kramer
36. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop INTERFEROMETRIC ERA Higher instantaneous sensitivities for SKA, MeerKAT and pathfinders SKA’s large field of view, collecting area, bandwidth Millisecond pulsar yield : ~3000 MSPs, 1000 in globular clusters Kramer (2004), SKA Science, Smits et al. (2008), SKA science tome (2014), Kramer and Stappers (2015) Computational challenges: First we need to find PSRs and then we need to time the PSRs! MachineLearning: Eatough et al (2010), Lyon et al. 2016 Fig: M. Kramer Astron Hackathon
37. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop NEW SKY SURVEYS
38. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop NEW SKY SURVEYS •VLA Sky Survey (VLASS) - 3 epochs of high cadence observation (4504 hr, 34000 deg2, 6 sources at SNR of 10/deg2) •First epoch commenced in this year in Sep. •2-4GHz survey : Flat as well as modest spectrum sources VLASS white papers , Bhakta et al. 2017
39. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop NEW SKY SURVEYS •VLA Sky Survey (VLASS) - 3 epochs of high cadence observation (4504 hr, 34000 deg2, 6 sources at SNR of 10/deg2) •First epoch commenced in this year in Sep. •2-4GHz survey : Flat as well as modest spectrum sources VLASS white papers , Bhakta et al. 2017 •Lofar 2M Sky Survey (LoTSS) - Shimwell et al. 2016
40. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop NEW SKY SURVEYS •VLA Sky Survey (VLASS) - 3 epochs of high cadence observation (4504 hr, 34000 deg2, 6 sources at SNR of 10/deg2) •First epoch commenced in this year in Sep. •2-4GHz survey : Flat as well as modest spectrum sources VLASS white papers , Bhakta et al. 2017 •Lofar 2M Sky Survey (LoTSS) - Shimwell et al. 2016 •CHIME - Inaugrated this year, •250 deg2, 10 pulsars simultaneously, 700 pulsars a day •Cycle through all PTA pulsars in 10 days Ng et al. 2017
41. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop NEW SKY SURVEYS •VLA Sky Survey (VLASS) - 3 epochs of high cadence observation (4504 hr, 34000 deg2, 6 sources at SNR of 10/deg2) •First epoch commenced in this year in Sep. •2-4GHz survey : Flat as well as modest spectrum sources VLASS white papers , Bhakta et al. 2017 •Lofar 2M Sky Survey (LoTSS) - Shimwell et al. 2016 •CHIME - Inaugrated this year, •250 deg2, 10 pulsars simultaneously, 700 pulsars a day •Cycle through all PTA pulsars in 10 days Ng et al. 2017 •Low-frequency surveys (<200 MHz)- LOTAAS etc. steep spectrum sources Coenen et al. 2014, Bassa et al. 2017, Plenius et al.2017
42. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop NEW SKY SURVEYS •VLA Sky Survey (VLASS) - 3 epochs of high cadence observation (4504 hr, 34000 deg2, 6 sources at SNR of 10/deg2) •First epoch commenced in this year in Sep. •2-4GHz survey : Flat as well as modest spectrum sources VLASS white papers , Bhakta et al. 2017 •Lofar 2M Sky Survey (LoTSS) - Shimwell et al. 2016 •CHIME - Inaugrated this year, •250 deg2, 10 pulsars simultaneously, 700 pulsars a day •Cycle through all PTA pulsars in 10 days Ng et al. 2017 •High frequency (>5GHz)- flat spectrum sources •Low-frequency surveys (<200 MHz)- LOTAAS etc. steep spectrum sources Coenen et al. 2014, Bassa et al. 2017, Plenius et al.2017
43. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop NEW SKY SURVEYS •VLA Sky Survey (VLASS) - 3 epochs of high cadence observation (4504 hr, 34000 deg2, 6 sources at SNR of 10/deg2) •First epoch commenced in this year in Sep. •2-4GHz survey : Flat as well as modest spectrum sources VLASS white papers , Bhakta et al. 2017 •Lofar 2M Sky Survey (LoTSS) - Shimwell et al. 2016 •CHIME - Inaugrated this year, •250 deg2, 10 pulsars simultaneously, 700 pulsars a day •Cycle through all PTA pulsars in 10 days Ng et al. 2017 •High frequency (>5GHz)- flat spectrum sources •Low-frequency surveys (<200 MHz)- LOTAAS etc. steep spectrum sources Coenen et al. 2014, Bassa et al. 2017, Plenius et al.2017 •NICER Gendreau and Arzoumanian, Nature Astronomy 1, (2017)
44. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop HOLY GRAILS Formation Mechanisms? Specific observation strategies. Fantastic pulsars and how to find them?
45. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop HOLY GRAILS Sub-ms pulsars Formation Mechanisms? Specific observation strategies. Fantastic pulsars and how to find them?
46. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop HOLY GRAILS Ultracompact binaries? P_orb < 1hr Sub-ms pulsars Formation Mechanisms? Specific observation strategies. Fantastic pulsars and how to find them?
47. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop HOLY GRAILS Ultracompact binaries? P_orb < 1hr Sub-ms pulsars MSP-BH systems Formation Mechanisms? Specific observation strategies. Fantastic pulsars and how to find them?
48. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop HOLY GRAILS Ultracompact binaries? P_orb < 1hr Massive neutrons stars : M_NS > 2.5 M_Sun ? Sub-ms pulsars MSP-BH systems Formation Mechanisms? Specific observation strategies. Fantastic pulsars and how to find them?
49. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop HOLY GRAILS Ultracompact binaries? P_orb < 1hr Massive neutrons stars : M_NS > 2.5 M_Sun ? Sub-ms pulsars MSP-BH systems MSP with planets Formation Mechanisms? Specific observation strategies. Fantastic pulsars and how to find them?
50. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop SUMMARY •Population of MSPs has nearly doubled since 2010 •We expect a new burst in MSP discoveries with new 
 surveys such as SKA •New discoveries lead to diversity and diversity in pulsar 
 population translates to fantastic new probes of physics!
 •Extragalactic pulsars? 
 •Creative use of MSPs - scintillometry - •Open to new finds during MSP searches such as FRBs and 
 unknowns
51. Amruta Jaodand 11th Bonn Neutron Star Workshop Acknowledgments •Plots supported by Matt Pitkin's Psrqpy package •ATNF pulsar catalogue •P. Freire’s globular cluster catalogue •D. Lorimer’s Galactic MSP catalogue •A.Patruno's MSP catalogue •Jason Hessels for guidance! •Wonderful reviews Amruta Jaodand: amruta.jaodand@gmail.com Tweet: @amrutajaodand