The elegance of Kotlin

Transcript

1. 
 The elegance of Kotlin Bob Dahlberg

2. Bob Dahlberg Isotop - Team Lead Mobile
 Challenge Accepted -

   Founder Who’s Bob?
 - Building software
 - CrossFit Instructor
 - Father
 - Loves challenges!

3. Background Android development Kotlin since late 2015 Studied Java 5

   in School
 Developed Android with Java 6
 Found Scala..
 Found Kotlin!
 Still stuck on Java 6 in Android

4. Let’s see some code!

5. I’t might be null The java code // Not to

   unusual java-style snippet public boolean hasQuality(Stream stream) { boolean quality = false; if (stream != null && stream.getUri() != null){ String query = stream.getUri().getQuery(); if (query != null) { quality = query.contains("quality"); } } return quality; }

6. I’t might be null The java code - auto convert

   to kotlin // Automatically converted to Kotlin fun hasQuality(stream: Stream?): Boolean { var quality = false if (stream != null && stream.uri != null) { val query = stream.uri!!.query if (query != null) { quality = query.contains("quality") } } return quality }

7. I’t might be null The java code - auto convert

   to kotlin - use the nullable type // Manually improved to use the nullable type fun hasQuality(stream: Stream?): Boolean { var quality = false val query: String? = stream?.uri?.query if (query != null) { quality = query.contains(“quality”) } return quality }

8. I’t might be null The java code - auto convert

   to kotlin - use the nullable type - if as expression // If as an expression fun hasQuality(stream: Stream?): Boolean { val query: String? = stream?.uri?.query return if(query != null) { query.contains(“quality”) } else false }

9. I’t might be null The java code - auto convert

   to kotlin - use the nullable type - if as expression - no explicit null-checks // No explicit null-checks fun hasQuality(stream: Stream?): Boolean { return stream?.uri?.query?.contains(“quality”) ?: false }

10. I’t might be null The java code - auto convert

    to kotlin - use the nullable type - if as expression - no explicit null-checks - three styles of the function // 1. Regular function fun hasQuality(stream: Stream?): Boolean { return stream?.uri?.query?.contains(“quality”) ?: false } // 2. The return type us inferred from the expression fun hasQuality(stream: Stream?) = stream?.uri?.query?.contains(“quality”) == true // 3 Extension function fun Stream.hasQuality() = uri?.query?.contains(“quality”) == true myStream?.hasQuality()

11. Next example

12. If ifs and buts.. The java code public Grade parse(Object

    from) { if (from instanceof Integer) { if ((int) from <= 5 && (int) from > 0) { return new Grade((int) from); } } else if (from instanceof Character) { if ((char) from <= 'f' && (char) from >= 'a') { return new Grade((char) from); } } else if (from == "G" || from == "VG" || from == "MVG"){ return new Grade((String) from); } return Grade.FAIL; }

13. If ifs and buts.. The java code - translated fun

    parse(from: Any): Grade { if (from is Int) { if (from as Int <= 5 && from as Int > 0) { return Grade(from as Int) } } else if (from is Char) { if (from as Char <= 'f' && from as Char >= 'a') { return Grade(from as Char) } } else if (from == "G" || from == "VG" || from == "MVG"){ return Grade(from as String) } return Grade.FAIL }

14. If ifs and buts.. The java code - translated -

    smart cast fun parse(from: Any): Grade { if (from is Int) { if (from <= 5 && from > 0) { return Grade(from) } } else if (from is Char) { if (from <= 'f' && from >= 'a') { return Grade(from) } } else if (from == "G" || from == "VG" || from == "MVG"){ return Grade(from as String) } return Grade.FAIL }

15. If ifs and buts.. The java code - translated -

    smart cast - ranges fun parse(from: Any): Grade { if (from is Int) { if (from in 1..5) { return Grade(from) } } else if (from is Char) { if (from in 'a'..’f’) { return Grade(from) } } else if (from == "G" || from == "VG" || from == "MVG"){ return Grade(from as String) } return Grade.FAIL }

16. If ifs and buts.. The java code - translated -

    smart cast - ranges - when fun parse(from: Any): Grade { return when (from) { is Int -> if (from in 1..5) Grade(from) else Grade.FAIL is Char -> if (from in ‘a'..’f’) Grade(from) else Grade.FAIL “G”, “VG”, “MVG" -> Grade(from as String) else -> Grade.FAIL }

17. If ifs and buts.. The java code - translated -

    smart cast - ranges - when - done fun parse(from: Any) = when (from) { in 1..5 -> Grade(from as Int) in ‘a’..’f’ -> Grade(from as Char) “G”, “VG”, “MVG" -> Grade(from as String) else -> Grade.FAIL }

18. Next example

19. Delegation The java code class Module extends Controller implements Dispatcher

    { private final Dispatcher _dispatcher; public Module(Dispatcher dispatcher { _dispatcher = dispatcher; } @Override public void addListener(Listener listener) { _dispatcher.addListener(listener); } @Override public void removeListener(Listener listener) { _dispatcher.removeListener(listener); } @Override public void dispatchEvent(Event event) { _dispatcher.dispatchEvent(event); } }

20. Delegation The java code - kotlin class delegation class Module(

    private val dispatcher: Dispatcher ): Controller(), Dispatcher by dispatcher

21. Delegation The java code - kotlin class delegation - delegation

    properties class Module { val firstAccess by lazy { System.currentTimeMillis() } }

22. Next example

23. Less is more The java code public class Person {

    private final String name; private final int age; public Person(String name, int age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } public int getAge() { return age; } public String getName() { return name; } @Override public boolean equals(Object other) { /*check equality*/ } @Override public int hashCode() { /*generate unique hash*/ } @Override public String toString() { return "Person("+name+", "+age+")"; } }

24. Less is more The java code - the data class

    data class Person(val name: String, val age: Int)

25. Less is more The java code - the data class

    - copy data class Person(val name: String, val age: Int) val bob = Person("Bob", 33) val workingBob = bob.copy() val agingBob = bob.copy(age=66)

26. Less is more The java code - the data class

    - copy - deconstructing data class Person(val name: String, val age: Int) val bob = Person("Bob", 33) val workingBob = bob.copy() val agingBob = bob.copy(age=66) val (_,age) = bob

27. Less is more The java code - the data class

    - copy - deconstructing - operation overloading data class Person(val name: String, val age: Int) operator fun Person.plus(extra:String) = copy(“$name $extra”) val bob = Person("Bob", 33) val fullNameBob = bob + “Dahlberg”

28. Thank you

29. Bob Dahlberg @mr_bob - twitter @dahlberg.bob - medium.com dahlberg.bob@gmail.com Thanks!