Linux 102 - Installing Linux from scratch on VirtualBox under Mac OS or Windows 7, 8, 8.1 or 10 by Brian Byrne Gamesys, February 2020

Linux 102 - Installing Linux from scratch on VirtualBox under
Mac OS or Windows 7, 8, 8.1 or 10 by Brian Byrne Gamesys, February 2020 Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email:[email protected]

Teams and pairs Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:
@BrianLinuxing Email:[email protected]

Teams Please, please work in teams, seriously. Teams. There is
a lot of information to take in, it's best done in pairs or as a team. Please do write things down and help each other. I talk a lot, in paragraphs. It is good if you help each other, plus more fun :) Questions? Please keep the questions until the end. Read the FAQs. Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email:[email protected]

Requirements: A laptop enabled for virtualisation (Hyper-V, if Windows) VirtualBox
6 installed. Download Peppermint Linux 10 (32 bit edition). Ideally 10+ Gb of free disk space. 4Gb or better of RAM. Mac, Windows 7 (64 bit when possible) or better. Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email:[email protected]

Media - USB sticks available Copies of VirtualBox 6 for
Mac OS (blue) and Windows (orange) are on USB sticks. Peppermint Linux 10 (32 bit edition) and Lubuntu 18.04 too. Please copy them to your desktop, then return the USB sticks and install where necessary. Peppermint Linux 10 (32 bit edition) https://peppermintos.com/ Lubuntu 18.04.4 LTS (Bionic Beaver) 32 bit desktop image http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/releases/18.04/release/ Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email:[email protected]

A word about hardware, VirtualBox and operating systems Linux 102
© Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email:[email protected]

A word about LTS and 32 bit LTS - Long
Term Support Ubuntu type releases come out every six months (April and October), but LTS versions are supported for 5 years, thus are preferable, 16.04, 18.04, etc Is 64 bit better than 32 bit? Not always, 32 bit Linux can work better with 64-bit host operating systems, if 64 bit doesn’t work for you then use 32 bit. Functionally, for our purposes, there is, little to, no difference between them. Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email:[email protected]

What is Peppermint Linux? And why use it? Peppermint Linux
10 is a derivative of Lubuntu 18.04 and uses the Ubuntu repositories. In terms of design it is slightly simpler and thus faster than standard Ubuntu, but in functional terms it is the equivalent. Any application that can be installed on standard Ubuntu 18.04 works on Peppermint 10 Linux, without any change. It has less hardware requirements and therefore is a bit faster. Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email:[email protected]

The key: your host operating system We are hosting Peppermint
Linux within VirtualBox, which in turn is hosted under your laptop’s main operating system. So the host operating systems and all of its bits have to work perfectly with VirtualBox. See section 8.0 and 9.0 of these slides for troubleshooting help. Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email:[email protected] 9

Got Windows? Are you running Windows? Is Hyper-V working? Is
virtualisation enabled? Check the UEFI/BIOS, etc? If not, then VirtualBox won’t work. See section 8.0 of these slides. Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email:[email protected] 10

Got MacOS? Peppermint Linux works under VirtualBox and that uses
MacOS. If you’re running MacOS then watch out for application security restrictions in later versions. See section 9.0 of these slides for help. Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email:[email protected] 11

What we are going to do: 1. Create a virtual
machine entry under VirtualBox 6. 2. Fix the settings for the virtual machine in VirtualBox 6. 3. Boot Linux (Peppermint 10, it’s a similar procedure for other distros). 4. Run the installer. 5. Install Peppermint Linux (from within a “live” copy of Linux). • Take the defaults and click on Continue 6. Shutdown the “live” Linux 7. Post installation VirtualBox tasks: • Remove the boot media. • Update from the repo, if time allows. • Guest Additions Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email:[email protected]

How are we going to do it? 1. I shall
walk you through each step. 2. Do not follow everything robotically, use common sense! 3. The graphics will vary slightly depending on if you installed VirtualBox on Linux, MacOS or Windows, but they are essentially the same. 4. We will look at a short description of the task, then I will take you through it via screenshots. 5. If you see any typos (I expect many!) please DM me on Twitter :), the slides are numbered. 6. Remember it is much, much easier than it looks :) Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email:[email protected] 13

0. Starting VirtualBox for the first time Linux 102 ©
Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email:[email protected]

1. Create a virtual machine entry under VirtualBox The quick
way a. Start VirtualBox ->New->Name->"Ubuntu32a"->Version->Ubuntu (32-bit)->Next(Memory Size)->1792->Next->Create (create a virtual hard disk now) b. Next (VDI)->Next (dynamically allocated)->Create (10.00 GB) Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email:[email protected]

1a. Create a virtual machine entry under VirtualBox Linux 102
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1b. Fill in the details Linux 102 © Brian Byrne,
2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

1c. Memory size Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:
@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

1d. Hard disk Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:

1e. Storage on physical hard disk Linux 102 © Brian
Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

1f. File location and size Linux 102 © Brian Byrne,

1g. Return main screen of Oracle VM Virtual Manager Linux
102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

2. Fix the settings for the virtual machine in VirtualBox
a. Select <the name of your virtual instance> b. Settings->Storage->Controller: IDE->Empty (the disk symbol)->Live CD/DVD (tick)->Optical Drive->the disk symbol(select)->Choose Virtual Optical Disk File->(it opens the file manager-> select the Peppermint image->Open b. Check the Controller: IDE, does it have Peppermint-10, etc. there ? c. Click on OK, it returns to Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager. Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

2a. The basic entry for a virtual machine entry in
VirtualBox Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

2b. Fix the settings on a virtual machine entry in
VirtualBox Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

2c. Storage Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing
Email: [email protected]

2d. Storage->Controller: IDE->Empty Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:

2e. Connect the ISO to the IDE controller Linux 102
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2f. Watch out for the drop- down menu Linux 102

2g. Check the Controller: IDE, does it have Peppermint there?
Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

2h. Back to the Oracle VM VIrtualBox Manager Linux 102

3. Boot Linux (Peppermint 10) a. Select <the name of
your virtual instance) ->Start (click on green button). b. “Try Peppermint OS Live” and hit the return key. c. It will start up in console mode, ignore any minor error messages. d. Wait until you see the “live” Linux desktop. e. Problems? Kernel panics? Running Windows? See below. Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

3a. Boot it, from Start Linux 102 © Brian Byrne,

3b. Console Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing

3c. Starting up Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:

3d. Wait until you see the “live”Linux desktop Linux 102

4. Run the installer a. Select “Install Peppermint 10” and
hit the return key. b. Wait for the Welcome screen. c. Follow the instructions below. Also, see the first part of https://peppermintos.com/guide/7-oem-installation/ Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

4a. Select “Install Peppermint 10” and hit the return key
Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

5. Install Peppermint Linux (from within a “live” copy of
Linux) a. Install Peppermint 10 ->English->Continue->English(UK)->Continue->Normal installation-UNCLICK->Download updates while…->Continue b. Erase disk and Install Peppermint->Write the changes to disk?->Continue->Where are you->Continue c. Who are you (fill in)->Continue d. Installation complete->Continue Testing->Menu->Shutdown Icon (green)->Shutdown [see https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-install-ubuntu-desktop#2 and https://peppermintos.com/guide/7-oem-installation/ ] Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

5a. Welcome Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing

5.1 Installation notes Take all sensible defaults, except the “Download
updates while…” Just keep doing Continue after you have fully read the screens. There are only six simple steps: a) Welcome b) Keyboard layout c) Updates and other software (take care here) d) Installation type (and write changes) e) Where are you? f) Who are you? It installs, it says so and then we shutdown via the Menu. Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

5b. Keyboard layout Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:

5c. Updates and other software Linux 102 © Brian Byrne,

5d. Installation type Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:

5e. Installation type - write changes Linux 102 © Brian

5f. Where are you? Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020
Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

5g. Who are you? Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020

5h. Who are you? Filling in Linux 102 © Brian

5i. It installs Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:

Break time Typically, installing Peppermint Linux takes anywhere from 20
to 45 minutes to install, depending on the speed and age of your hardware. Time for a quick cuppa! Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

5j. The installation finishes Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020

6a. Shutting down Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:

6b. Back to the Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager Linux 102

Success! Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email:
[email protected]

6.1 Explaining it all and the post installation VirtualBox tasks
We have distilled the contents of the ISO Linux image into a file structure under VirtualBox that pretends to be a real disk. We have set-up this new Peppermint Linux disk with the defaults you typed in. There are three minor tasks to complete then everything will be ready! 1. We must remove the live boot media. Or when it reboots it would return to the installation media, instead of the newly installed system. 2. Then we should always update the system before installing anything else. 3. Thirdly, install the Guest Additions (permits resizing of the screen, etc) Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

7. Post installation VirtualBox tasks 1. Remove the boot media.
2. Update from the repo, if time permits. 3. Add the Oracle Guest Additions, which allow for bigger fonts and screen resizing. Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

7.1 Remove the boot media Ensure the virtual instance is
powered down. Go to the Settings->Storage->Controller: IDE->Peppermint->Live CD/DVD (untick)->Optical Drive->the disk symbol(select)->Remove Disk from Virtual Drive->OK Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

7.1a Remove the “live” media Linux 102 © Brian Byrne,

7.1b Settings Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing

7.1c Settings->Storage Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing

7.1d Settings->Storage-Peppermint image Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:

7.1e Settings->Storage->Peppermint image->Attributes Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:

7.1f Back to the Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager Linux 102

7.2 Update from the repo, if time allows A system
update and upgrade must be run before installing any more applications, whenever possible. The first update of Peppermint Linux after a clean installation can take 25-30 minutes depending on the network speed and the capacity of the laptop. It must not be interrupted or will, potentially, ruin the new setup. In this case it is best done at home or later on. Full details in Linux 103. Let’s boot and start using it. Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

7.3 Guest Additions - the quick way 1. Select and
boot your Linux virtual machine up, wait until fully booted 2. Outside of the VirtualBox, look at the top menu: File Machine View Input Devices Help 3. Select Devices->Insert Guest Additions CD Image 4. Bring up a terminal 5. Find the virtual CD device with the command, df -h 6. E.g. cd /media/brian/VBox_GAs_6.0.14 7. Check the drive is ok with the command, ls 8. Then if OK execute the command, sudo ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run 9. Enter your password and then, eventually reboot Linux when done. 10. NB: Be patient :) Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

7.3a Troubleshooting Guest Additions You might need to install some
packages: apt-get update && apt-get install build-essential gcc make perl dkms linux-headers-$(uname -r) Useful links: https://helpdeskgeek.com/linux-tips/install-virtualbox-guest-additions-in-ubuntu/ https://help.ubuntu.com/community/VirtualBox/GuestAdditions https://www.tecmint.com/install-virtualbox-guest-additions-in-ubuntu/ Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

8.0 Windows issues and fixes Windows has various assorted problems
with VirtualBox. None of them are insurmountable, but they do take work. Two things that you should ensure are working: 1. Virtualisation 2. Hyper-V Without these VirtualBox may not fully function. Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

8.1 Virtualisation Firstly, enable virtualisation in the BIOS. Enter your
laptop’s BIOS/UEFI setup, then using the manufacturer's instructions change the settings to enable virtualisation. The precise method varies from laptop to laptop, use Google to assist. This link works for many ThinkPads but not all laptops, please check your own model’s documentation. https://support.lenovo.com/gb/en/solutions/ht500006 Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

8.1a Links on virtualisation BCE’s Enabling Virtualization in your PC
BIOS https://bce.berkeley.edu/enabling-virtualization-in-your-pc-bios.html Fedora documentation https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/Virtualization_Guide/sect-Virtualization-Troubleshooting-Enabli ng_Intel_VT_and_AMD_V_virtualization_hardware_extensions_in_BIOS.html Virtualization (VT-x/AMD-V)... https://2nwiki.2n.cz/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=75202968 Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

8.2 Hyper-V on Windows The method for fixing Hyper-V on
Windows varies depending on the version you have installed. It needs a 64 bit version of Windows. It will not necessarily work on Windows 10 Home, see https://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-10-tip-how-to-enable-hyper-v-and-create-virtual-machines/ The slides below provide basic information on Hyper-V and: Windows 7 Windows 8 and 8.1 Windows 10 Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

8.2.1 Install Hyper-V on Windows 7 Pro a) Download or
obtain the Remote Server Administration Tools (RAST) for Windows 7 with Service Pack 1 (SP1) b) Control Panel->Programs->Turn Windows feature on or off->Remote Server-enable->Server Manager-enable->Role Admin-Hyper-V-enable->Remote Desktop Service Tool-Enable c) Verify by: Windows Start Menu->Search programs and files d) Enter “Hyper-V”, wait a minute and Hyper-V Manager should come up, and so it should work. e) See https://www.microsoft.com/en-gb/download/details.aspx?id=7887 https://technogecko.net/msft/how-to-install-hyper-v-management-console-on-windows-7/ Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

8.2.2 Hyper-V on Windows 8 a) Typically, do Programs and
Features->Select Turn Windows Features on or off->Select Hyper-V and click OK. b) Various guides: Get started with Windows 8 Client Hyper-V the right way https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/windows-and-office/get-started-with-windows-8-client-hyper-v-the-right-w ay/ c) Hyper-V Support in Windows 8 https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2013/06/20/hyper-v-support-in-windows-8/ d) VirtualBox 6.0 - Use VirtualBox and Hyper-V at the same time thanks to the Hyper-V API https://us.informatiweb.net/tutorials/it/11-virtualization/281--virtualbox-6-0-use-virtualbox-and-hyper-v-at-the- same-time-thanks-to-the-hyper-v-api.html Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

8.2.3 Hyper-V on Windows 8.1 a) Typically, do Programs and
Features->Select Turn Windows Features on or off->Select Hyper-V and click OK. b) Various guides: Install Hyper-v on Windows 8.1 http://www.trainingtech.net/install-hyper-v-on-windows-8-1/ c) How to install Hyper-V on Windows 8.1 https://thesolving.com/virtualization/how-to-install-hyper-v-on-windows-8-1/ Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

8.2.4 Hyper-V and Windows 10 a) Extra care using these
links, V6 of VIrtualBox will use Hyper-V if installed, see Windows 7 link. b) Windows 10 tip: Find out if your PC can run Hyper-V https://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-10-tip-find-out-if-your-pc-can-run-hyper-v c) Please follow the guides below: d) https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/ITOps-Talk-Blog/Step-By-Step-Enabling-Hyper-V-for-use-on-Windows- 10/ba-p/267945 https://www.onmsft.com/how-to/how-to-install-a-virtual-machine-on-windows-10-using-hyper-v-now-even-easi er-with-quick-create https://www.petri.com/workaround-finding-missing-hyper-v-tools-windows-10 https://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-10-tip-quickly-create-a-virtual-machine-to-test-new-features/ e) Some fixes from the Web, use with care and at own risk, Windows 10 Version 1903 Hyper-V Is Currently Incompatible with Virtualbox 6.0.x https://www.sysnative.com/forums/threads/windows-10-version-1903-hyper-v-is-currently-incompatible-with-vi rtualbox-6-0-x.28466/ Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

9.0 MacOS Later versions of MacOS implemented changes to system
security and these restrictions may affect the installation of VirtualBox. These links should help: User-Approved Kernel Extension Loading https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/technotes/tn2459/_index.html Fixing ‘The Installation Failed’ VirtualBox Error on Mac High Sierra 14 https://medium.com/@DMeechan/fixing-the-installation-failed-virtualbox-error-on-mac-high-sierra-7c421362b5b5 VirtualBox Crashing on Mac after Update https://carleton.ca/scs/2019/virtualbox-crashing-on-mac-after-update/ Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

All done. Now take a break, then do the Linux
103 workshop or read the FAQs Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

FAQs Q1: What is Ubuntu Linux? And why use it?
Ubuntu is a very popular and widely supported version of Linux. It was developed by Canonical and is based on Debian. If any Windows or similar apps are ever released for Linux they will probably appear first under Ubuntu. That is why it is important on the desktop. Q2: Why then use Peppermint and not straight Ubuntu? A: Peppermint is slightly better for older machine and fully compatible with standard Ubuntu. Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Q3: Can I do this installation with other versions of
Linux? A: Yes, they are very similar. The overall procedure is comparable. Q4: Why use the 32 bit version here? Isn’t 64 bit better? A: The 32 bit versions of Linux are more likely to work under your existing 64 bit architecture with VirtualBox. 64 bit is often better, but in this instance the difference is negligible. Later on you can experiment with 64 bit Linux once you have master the theory and procedures relating to Linux and virtualization. Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Q5: Does the Linux touch my partition or existing hard
drive? Where are its disks and my files? A: No, it runs under VirtualBox which in turn runs under either Windows 7/8/8.1/10 or MacOS. Your VirtualBox files are there. They are the big file that you created at the start, everything is in there. See the instructions in section 1a. Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Q6: Why do “Try Peppermint 10” and not just start
the installer directly? A: Temporarily running the installer under its own version of Linux verifies the setup and shows if the operating system will run in this instance of VirtualBox. We are just being extra careful. Q7: Is that it? Have we finished? A: Yes, compared to many other operating systems Linux is comparatively trouble free during installation, but if they do occur most errors are minor and can be fixed with time. You will need to do the post-installation tasks and install any additional apps. Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Q8: What is the Linux kernel? How can I learn
more? It is the essence of the operating system, it interacts with the hardware, allowing apps to run and managing memory, among many other things. It is a very, very complex topic best look at the kernel mailing. https://lkml.org/ Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Q9: Linux boots but gives a fuzzy screen A: Try
these: 1. Install the Guest Additions and try again. 2. If that fails try Lubuntu. 3. If that fails use Lubuntu with the F6 option and toggle nomodeset 4. If that fails try another distro. Q10: I only have a 32 bit version of Windows. A: Use V5 of VirtualBox Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Q11: Is there any documentation on this? A: The main
Oracle documentation page: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Documentation Q12: Why not use just Hyper-V, instead of VirtualBox? Hyper-V runs on only Windows systems, these workshops are cross platform and focus on freely available software. Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Q13: What supported architectures does Ubuntu and Debian support? See
https://www.debian.org/releases/stretch/i386/ch02s01.html.en Q14: I am using a Chromebook, it is not working for me Chrome OS is *not* Linux, it is close but not really Linux. But have a look at: Set up Linux (Beta) on your Chromebook https://support.google.com/chromebook/answer/9145439?hl=en-GB Chrome OS devices/Crostini https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Chrome_OS_devices/Crostini Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Q15: What do the settings in Storage options mean? See
the VirtualBox documentation https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch03.html Q16: Is there any homework? Yes, at home, next to your router, do a full Linux update/upgrade and time it. See Linux 103 for more details on updating/upgrading Linux. Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Q17: The screen is really small, what can I do?
Install the Guest Additions, see section 7.3 and https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch04.html#additions-linux https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-install-virtualbox-guest-additions-in-ubuntu/ https://www.linuxuprising.com/2019/01/manual-virtualbox-guest-additions.html Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Brian’s follow-up talks cover: ➢ The history of operating systems
since the Abacus. ➢ The installation of Linux from scratch on bare metal laptops. ➢ Installing Kali Linux with VirtualBox on MacOS or Windows 7/8/8.1 and 10. ➢ An introduction to the Linux Command Line Interface (CLI), post. installation tasks and software installation. ➢ [Coming soon] Building your own distro from scratch. Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Thank you for participating. If you enjoyed the presentation and
slides, then please leave a nice comment on Twitter. That would make me very happy. PS: All images herein are the copyright of their respective owners. Linux 102 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Linux 102 - Installing Linux from scratch on VirtualBox under Mac OS or Windows 7, 8, 8.1 or 10 by Brian Byrne Gamesys, February 2020

Linux 102 - Installing Linux from scratch on VirtualBox under Mac OS or Windows 7, 8, 8.1 or 10 by Brian Byrne Gamesys, February 2020

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