axe-con.pdf

Whose web is it, anyway? Sir Uncle Timbo (Tim Berners-Lee to you) famously designed the web for all people, whatever their hardware, software, language, location, or ability. As mobile devices become ubiquitous, yet controlled by a de facto duopoly, how can we ensure that the web remains open, affordable, and accessible for our 3 billion neighbours who are as yet unconnected?

Transcript

1. @brucel, www.brucelawson.co.uk
   

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2. @brucel
   §
   

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3. • mucking about with the web since 2002
   
   
   • accessibility of web for people with disabili
   ti
   es
   
   
   • a Consultant, working on expanding web to be truly
   world-wide
   
   
   • previously, deputy for CTO at Opera So
   ft
   ware (a browser)
   

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4. @brucel
   

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5. @brucel
   

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6. @brucel
   

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7. @brucel
   

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8. @brucel
   

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9. @brucel
   

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10. @brucel
    

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11. • MEDIAN DESKTOP
    
    • 2324.8 KB
    
    • ▲397.1%
    
    • MEDIAN MOBILE
    
    • 2037.3 KB
    
    • ▲1307.0%
    Web pages keep getting bigger
    https://httparchive.org/reports/state-of-the-web#bytesTotal
    

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12. https://www.indeed.com/career/web-developer/salaries (cited https://toot.cafe/@slightlyo
    ff
    /109875900164719668)
    

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13. US median household income $69,021
    
    
    • https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/INC110221#INC110221
    

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14. Most U.S. users don’t have fast devices
    https://toot.cafe/@slightlyo
    ff
    /109875900164719668
    

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21. https://themarkup.org/still-loading/2022/10/19/dollars-to-megabits-you-may-be-paying-400-times-as-much-as-your-neighbor-for-internet-service
    

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29. Gapminder Foundation http://www.gapminder.org
    

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30. 4 levels
    • Level 1 is made up of people who earn less than $2 a day and
    live in extreme poverty.
    
    • At Level 2, people earn between $2 and $8 a day. Almost half
    the world’s population lives at this income level.
    
    • Level 3 is made up of people who live on between $8 – $32
    per day.
    
    • The richest billion people on earth live at Level 4, where their
    income is more than $32 a day
    
    https://www.gapminder.org/fw/income-levels/
    

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36. @brucel
    The Internet economy in SEA is
    expected to reach ~$200 billion by 2025
    (6.5x increase over 10 years)
    “
    South East Asia
    - eConomy SEA - Google / Temasec (2016)
    

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37. @brucel
    By 2025, all SEA countries will have an
    eCommerce market worth >$5bn;
    Indonesia expected to reach $46 billion
    “
    E-commerce
    - eConomy SEA - Google / Temasec (2016)
    

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39. the highest average cost is 30,000% more
    than the cheapest average price
    
    https://www.visualcapitalist.com/cost-of-mobile-data-worldwide/
    

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40. Android majority
    median UK speed is 28.51 Mbps, USA is 54.99 Mbps, and Hong Kong is 112.32 Mbps
    Android %age Download speed (Mbps)
    Rwanda 80% 0.81
    Cambodia 60% 1.29
    India 96% 4.09
    Indonesia 92% 1.88
    Laos 83% 1.99
    Philippines 87% 2.05
    Thailand 74% 14.90
    Vietnam 68% 16.39
    Connection speed data: https://www.fastmetrics.com/internet-connection-speed-by-country.php
    Android stats: statcounter https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/mobile/worldwide
    

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41. Downloading a typical app with 20 MB
    APK can take more than 30 minutes on a
    2G network, and the download is likely to
    fail before completion, due to the flaky
    nature of the network.
    “
    - How we built Facebook Lite for every Android phone and network
    Facebook Lite
    

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42. Twitter
    “Twitter Lite is network resilient. To reach every person on the
    planet, we need to reach people on slow and unreliable networks …
    Twitter Lite is interactive in under 5 seconds over 3G on most
    devices. Most of the world is using 2G or 3G networks; a fast initial
    experience is essential.”
    
    https://blog.twitter.com/engineering/en_us/topics/open-source/2017/how-we-built-twitter-lite.html
    

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44. Best-selling device last year
    https://www.gsmarena.com/samsung_galaxy_a12-10604.php
    

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46. 
    
    
    
    
    
    Howdy
    
    
    Hello, world!
    
    
    (77 bytes)
    48 KB, after minifying,
    optimising and gzipping
    

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47. https://medium.com/walmartglobaltech/the-bene
    fi
    ts-of-server-side-rendering-over-client-side-rendering-5d07
    ff
    2cefe8
    

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55. https://medium.com/walmartglobaltech/the-bene
    fi
    ts-of-server-side-rendering-over-client-side-rendering-5d07
    ff
    2cefe8
    

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58. https://careers.twitter.com
    

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59. https://twitter.com/aardrian/status/1629269332856373250
    

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60. React accessibility
    Nothing inherently inaccessible, if
    
    ▪ you choose the right components, eg one that produces
    rather than
    
    ▪ you manage focus if making a Single Page Application
    

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61. React Native
    

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63. From the vendor
    "we found that React Native APIs provide strong support for accessibility.
    However, we also found many core components do not yet fully utilize
    platform accessibility APIs and support is missing for some platform specific
    features."
    
    Facebook, March 2021
    The Accessibility API for React and React Native enables you to make any
    React-powered experience usable by someone who may use assistive
    technology, like a screen reader for the blind and visually impaired.
    
    Facebook, November 2015
    
    

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64. https://github.com/facebook/react-native/projects/15
    

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65. https://github.com/facebook/react-native/issues/31820
    

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66. http://www.html5accessibility.com/index.html
    

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67. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/compliance/regulatory/o
    ff
    ering-section-508-vpats
    

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68. @brucel
    Progressive Web Apps
    • Web sites ++
    
    • Can save to home screen, open full-screen
    
    • Can work o
    ff
    l
    ine (using Service Workers)
    
    • Much smaller initial install, instant updates but
    only the changes
    
    • Twitter, Wordle, Farmbound web.dev/learn/pwa/
    

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69. @brucel
    

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70. Google PM
    https://twitter.com/b1tr0t/status/1364996531527380993
    

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71. Early progressive web apps in Asia & Africa
    

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72. https://twitter.com/ja
    ff
    athecake/status/1633837508697165824
    

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73. @brucel
    

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74. @brucel
    APIs not in Safari
    

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76. https://twitter.com/jonbretman/status/1363894427316596744
    

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77. @brucel
    Rule 2.5.6
    Apps that browse the web must use the
    appropriate WebKit framework and
    WebKit Javascript.
    
    https://developer.apple.com/app-store/review/guidelines/#software-requirements
    

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78. @brucel
    The illusion of competition
    

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80. @brucel
    

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81. @brucel
    open-web-advocacy.org
    

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82. @brucel
    

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83. @brucel
    

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84. @brucel
    Browsers are powered by an ‘engine,’ which is
    fundamental to browser performance.… Apple bans
    alternatives to its own browser engine on its mobile
    devices; a restriction that is unique to Apple.
    
    The CMA is concerned this severely limits the potential
    for rival browsers to di
    ff
    erentiate themselves from
    Safari (for example, on features such as speed and
    functionality) and limits Apple’s incentives to invest in
    its browser engine.
    
    This restriction also seriously inhibits the capability of
    web apps – apps that run on a browser rather than
    having to be individually downloaded – depriving
    consumers and businesses of the full bene
    fi
    ts of this
    innovative technology.
    
    https://www.gov.uk/government/news/cma-plans-market-investigation-into-mobile-browsers-and-cloud-gaming
    

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85. @brucel
    

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86. @brucel
    

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87. @brucel
    Gatekeepers can no longer:
    
    
    • rank their own products or services higher than those of
    others (self-preferencing)
    
    • reuse private data collected during a service for the purposes
    of another service
    
    • establish unfair conditions for business users
    
    • pre-install certain software applications
    
    • require app developers to use certain services (e.g. payment
    systems or identity providers) in order to be listed in app
    stores
    

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88. @brucel
    Browser engines
    each browser is built on a web browser engine, which is
    responsible for key browser functionality such as speed,
    reliability and web compatibility.
    
    When gatekeepers operate and impose web browser
    engines, they are in a position to determine the
    functionality and standards that will apply not only to their
    own web browsers, but also to competing web browsers
    and, in turn, to web software applications.
    

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89. @brucel
    Gatekeepers should therefore not use their position to require
    their dependent business users to use any of the services
    provided together with, or in support of, core platform
    services by the gatekeeper itself as part of the provision of
    services or products by those business users
    
    gatekeepers should also be prohibited from requiring end
    users to use such services
    

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90. @brucel
    Big teeth
    If a gatekeeper violates the rules
    laid down in the legislation, it
    risks a
    fi
    ne of up to 10% of its
    total worldwide turnover.
    
    For a repeat o
    ff
    ence, a
    fi
    ne of up
    to 20% of its worldwide
    turnover may be imposed.
    

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91. @brucel
    Apple employees are very sad :-(
    

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92. @brucel
    Set Safari free!
    

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93. @brucel
    Consider making a Progressive
    Web App next time, for cross-
    device joy, tasty HTML semantic
    goodness (h1 - h6!) and
    accessibility.
    
    Until the Apple Browser Ban is
    ended, use something like
    Capacitor.js to get it into App Store.
    
    Follow and support Open Web
    Advocacy.
    

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96. @brucel
    • [image of a crowd of people - terrible stock
    photo?]
    

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97. @brucel
    

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98. @brucel
    

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99. @brucel
    

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100. @brucel
     

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101. @brucel
     

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103. THANKS ’N’ SNOGS!
     brucelawson.co.uk
     @brucel
     Hire Me!
     * Other Bruce Lawsons are available.
     
     
     ** known to cause nausea in some jurisdictions.
     

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