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Generate Conference, London, Sept 22 2016

bruce lawson
September 22, 2016

Generate Conference, London, Sept 22 2016

World Wide Web, not Wealthy Western Web

bruce lawson

September 22, 2016
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  1. My pledge to the Web ▪ Never gonna give you

    up ▪ Never gonna let you down ▪ Never gonna run around and desert you ▪ Never gonna make you cry ▪ Never gonna say goodbye ▪ Never gonna tell a lie and hurt you (Words and music Stock Aitken Waterman)
  2. ICT access by population Total 
 global population ~7.4 billion

    High-speed
 internet 1.1 billion Total 
 internet users 3.2 billion Mobile phones 5.2 billion Within mobile coverage 7 billion Source: World Bank, Digital Dividends.
  3. The world’s offline population Total 
 internet users 3.2 billion

    High-speed
 internet 1.1 billion India 1.063 billion Countries outside of the top 20 China 755 million Indonesia 213 million Pakistan 165 million Bangladesh 148 million Nigeria 111 million Brazil 98 million Ethiopia 95 million Mexico 70 million Congo, Dem. Rep. 68 million Philippines 63 million Russian Federation 55 million Iran, Islamic Rep. 54 million Myanmar 53 million Vietnam 52 million United States 51 million Tanzania 49 million Thailand 48 million Egypt, Arab Rep. 42 million Turkey 41 million
  4. Total online retail spending in China reached $307 billion in

    2013 and is forecast to grow at a compound annual rate of nearly 20% until 2019, when it should exceed $1 trillion. “ $1 trillion by 2019 - China Online Retail Forecast Forrester
  5. in Indonesia 75% of users are on older 2G, or

    GSM/EDGE, networks,… more than half of Indonesian smartphone users said they experienced network problems daily. “ Indonesia - Measuring and improving network performance Ericsson, September 2014
  6. SEA to be the fastest growing internet market in the

    world (~480m users by 2020); Indonesia fastest growing nation in the world. “ Indonesia - eConomy SEA - Google / Temasec (2016)
  7. The Internet economy in SEA is expected to reach ~$200

    billion by 2025 (6.5x increase over 10 years) “ South East Asia - eConomy SEA - Google / Temasec (2016)
  8. August 2014 @brucel $1.50 - When a SIM Card Goes

    From $2,000 to $1.50 Bloomberg (29 Sept '14)
  9. we expect the number of Internet users to at least

    double, from 190 million in 2014 to 400 million in 2018 … We expect the Internet to contribute $200 billion to India’s GDP (5% of total GDP) by 2020. “ - Boston Consulting Group (BCG), 23 April 2015
  10. 56% in emerging economies saw themselves first and foremost as

    global citizens rather than national citizens. In Nigeria (73%), China (71%), Peru (70%) and India (67%) the data is particularly marked. “ - Globescan poll for BBC, April 2016
  11. Among the country’s roughly 690 million Internet users, 620 million

    now go online using a mobile device. “ China - MIT Technology Review (June 2016)
  12. 1. google.com 2. facebook.com 3. youtube.com 4. wikipedia.org 5. yahoo.com

    Top domains: USA 6. twitter.com 7. wellhello.com 8. addthis.com 9. wordpress.com 10. apple.com
  13. 1. Apple iPhone 2. Apple iPad 3. Samsung Galaxy S

    Duos 2 4. Samsung Galaxy S3 5. Samsung Galaxy Grand Prime Top handsets: USA 6. Samsung Galaxy Grand Neo Plus 7. Samsung Galaxy grand Neo GT 8. Nokia Asha 201 9. Samsung Galaxy Note III 10.TracFone LG 306G
  14. 1. facebook.com 2. google.com 3. google.co.id 4. wordpress.com 5. youtube.com

    Top domains: Indonesia 6. blogspot.co.id 7. wikipedia.org 8. indosat.com 9. liputan6.com 10. xl.co.id
  15. 1. Nokia X201 2. Nokia Asha 210 3. Nokia C3-00

    4. Generic WAP 5. Nokia Asha 205.1 Top handsets: Indonesia 6. Samsung Galaxy V SM-G313HZ 7. Nokia 215 8. Nokia X2-02 9. Samsung GTS5260 Star 2 10. Nokia 5130 XpressMusic
  16. 1. google.com.ng 2. facebook.com 3. google.com 4. naij.com 5. youtube.com

    Top domains: Nigeria 6. bbc.com 7. opera.com 8. wikipedia.org 9. goal.com 10. waptrick.com
  17. 1. Nokia Asha 200 2. Nokia Asha 210 3. Nokia

    X2-01 4. Nokia C3-00 5. TECNO P5 Top handsets: Nigeria 6. Nokia Asha 205 7. Nokia Asha 201 8. TECNO M3 9. Infinix Hot Note X551 10. Infinix Hot 2 X510
  18. Progressive Web Apps ▪ “install” to the home screen ▪

    have their own icon (defined by the web developer) ▪ can launch full-screen, portrait or landscape ▪ but “live” on the Web
  19. Most installed apps are not used often. The average app

    user has 36 apps installed on his or her smartphone. Only one in four of those apps are used daily, while 1 in 4 apps are never used. “ Native Apps take up space - How Consumers Really Find and Use Your Apps (Google research, May 2015)
  20. Downloading a typical app with 20 MB APK can take

    more than 30 minutes on a 2G network, and the download is likely to fail before completion, due to the flaky nature of the network. “ - How we built Facebook Lite for every Android phone and network
  21. 
 
 With space this limited, the user is comparing

    their personal photo collection with the adoption of a new app on their phone. “ - Mobile App Developers Are Suffering
  22. we didn’t stand a chance as we were fighting with

    both our competitors and other apps for a few more MB of room inside people’s phones. “ Birdly - Why you shouldn’t bother creating a mobile app
  23. Manifest file stores metadata for your web app: icons, description,

    colors, and related info that lets browsers create high-quality experiences for the launcher icon, task switcher, and splash screen.
  24. { "name": "Simple web app demo", "short_name": "Demo", "icons": [

    { "src": "icon-medium.png", "sizes": "96x96" },{ "src": "icon-large.png", "sizes": "192x192" } ], "theme_color": "#3F51B5", "background_color": "#F5F5F5", "display": "standalone", "orientation": "portrait", "start_url": "/simple-demo/?home=true" }
  25. { "name": "Simple web app demo", "short_name": "Demo", "icons": [

    { "src": "icon-medium.png", "sizes": "96x96" },{ "src": "icon-large.png", "sizes": "192x192" } ], "theme_color": "#3F51B5", "background_color": "#F5F5F5", "display": "fullscreen", "orientation": "portrait", "start_url": "/simple-demo/?home=true" }
  26. { "name": "Air Horner", "short_name": "Air Horner", "icons": [ {

    "src": "icon-medium.png", "sizes": "96x96" },{ "src": "icon-large.png", "sizes": "192x192" } ], "theme_color": "#2196F3", "background_color": "#2196F3", "display": "fullscreen", "orientation": "portrait", "start_url": "/?home=true" }
  27. { "name": "Simple web app demo", "short_name": "Demo", "icons": [

    { "src": "icon-medium.png", "sizes": "96x96" },{ "src": "icon-large.png", "sizes": "192x192" } ], "theme_color": "#990000", "background_color": "#DFCFAF", "display": "fullscreen", "orientation": "landscape", "start_url": "/inbox-attack/?home=true" } https://andreasbovens.github.io/inbox-attack/
  28. { "name": "Simple web app demo", "short_name": "Demo", "icons": [

    { "src": "icon-medium.png", "sizes": "96x96" },{ "src": "icon-large.png", "sizes": "192x192" } ], "theme_color": "#3F51B5", "background_color": "#F5F5F5", "display": "standalone", "orientation": "portrait", "start_url": "/simple-demo/?home=true" }
  29. Flipkart Lite ▪ 40% returning visitors week over week
 ▪

    +63% conversions from Home screen visits
 ▪ 3x time spent on FlipKart Lite
  30. We want Flipkart Lite available on every phone over every

    flaky network in India “ Engagement + Reach - Amar Nagaram (Flipkart engineering)
  31. Progressive Web Apps ▪ live on the server so no

    update distribution lag
 ▪ require no app store or gatekeeper
 ▪ are a normal website on browsers such as Opera Mini, Safari, Windows phones
 ▪ searchable, indexable, linkable
 ▪ can work offline
  32. ▪ <picture> ▪ srcset attribute ▪ x descriptor ▪ w

    descriptor ▪ sizes attribute Video, tutorials New HTML thingies
  33. Average Bytes per Page by Content Type Total 2296 kB

    Stylesheets 76 kB HTML 66 kB Images 1,457 kB Other 4 kB Video 203 kB Fonts 126 kB Scripts 358 kB Data: httparchive.org, 15 April 2016 (Alexa Top 1,000,000 Sites)
  34. While cellular networks have improved… smartphone users are still facing

    issues as frequently as they did in 2013. “ Networks Notworks - Experience shapes mobile customer loyalty - Ericsson Consumer Labs (August 2016)
  35. Opera Mini consumes on an average 14% less battery and

    89% less data when compared to other mobile browsers. “ Testing in India - Cigniti Technologies (Chrome, UC browser, CM browser and UC Mini on WiFi, 2G and 3G networks in India, March April 2015)
  36. A third of Indian citizens, especially in the rural parts

    of the country remains without power, as does 6% of the urban population. During peak hours the shortage was 9.8 percent. “ Battery life matters - Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (2012)
  37. Nearly 30 per cent of our annual smartphone unit sales

    have power banks bundled in, "Two years ago, less than 1 per cent of our annual smartphone sales had power banks bundled in." “ Battery life matters 2 - Business Insider (October 2015) (The Mobile Store, India's largest cellphone retailer.)
  38. In India, only 96k of the 736k cell towers are

    3G enabled ... only 35k of those towers have a fiber optic connection to the backbone, “ Single connection - India's mobile Internet: The revolution has begun Avdendus (2013)
  39. Everything happens on the server ▪ Everything needs user interaction

    ▪ Everything needs a server roundtrip ▪ JS on page load runs for 5 seconds ▪ JS-only APIs do NOT work More: Opera Mini and JavaScript.
  40. Design won't always be preserved ▪ No CSS rounded corners

    or gradients ▪ Animations (CSS/ SVG) show only first frame ▪ No web fonts ▪ Don't use icon fonts; use SVG Make SVG icons (even more!) responsive.
  41. we've launched our first Holy Grail app into production! …

    It looks exactly the same as the app it replaced, however initial pageload feels drastically quicker “ Holy Grail App - AirBnB
  42. because we serve up real HTML instead of waiting for

    the client to download JavaScript before rendering. Plus, it is fully crawlable by search engines. … It feels 5x faster. “ Holy Grail App #2 - AirBnB
  43. India emerged as the world's third largest smartphone market after

    the U.S. and China. Total smartphone shipments are expected to increase to reach more than 150 million units in 2018. “ - Busiess Korea (8 May '15)
  44. Smartphone shipments to the Middle East and Africa saw unprecedented

    year-on-year growth of 83% in 2014… Feature phones have been hit hard … with shipments down 4.5% year on year in 2014. “ - International Data Corporation (IDC) (26 Apr '15)
  45. Smartphone growth? ▪ Global smartphone shipments fell 3 percent annually

    from 345.0 million units in Q1 2015 to 334.6 million in Q1 2016. Strategy Analytics (28 April 2016) ▪ According to IDC, the market grew by 0.2 per cent year-on- year to 334.9 million units, marking “the smallest ever year-on- year growth on record”. Mobile World Live, 28 April 2016
  46. Smartphone sales last Q Q2 2016 also “relatively flat”, up

    0.3% from 2Q15 and up 3.1% from 333.1 million in the first quarter of 2016. IDC Worldwide Quarterly Mobile Phone Tracker, July 2016
  47. Despite the fact that Africa has the lowest income per

    capita of any region, affordability was only identified as the most important barrier in one out of 13 markets in our survey. 
 “ Africa: not just affordability - GSMA Consumer barriers to mobile internet adoption in Africa - July 2016
  48. Network coverage was not perceived as an issue in most

    countries, reflecting the increasing availability of mobile networks. However, mobile broadband (3G or 4G) coverage remains low in most parts of Africa. 
 “ Africa: not just networks - GSMA Consumer barriers to mobile internet adoption in Africa - July 2016
  49. A lack of awareness and locally relevant content was considered

    the most important barrier to internet adoption in North Africa and the second biggest barrier in Sub-Saharan Africa. 
 “ Lack of awareness/ content. - GSMA Consumer barriers to mobile internet adoption in Africa - July 2016
  50. A lack of digital skills was identified as the biggest

    barrier to internet adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa and the second biggest in North Africa. 
 “ Lack of digital skills - GSMA Consumer barriers to mobile internet adoption in Africa - July 2016
  51. A lack of awareness and locally relevant content was the

    most commonly cited barrier to internet adoption: 72% of non-internet users across the six survey markets felt this was a barrier. 
 “ Asia - GSMA Consumer barriers to mobile internet adoption in Asia - January 2016
  52. 50% of websites worldwide are in English, a language spoken

    by only 10% of speakers in the survey countries. By way of contrast, only 2% of websites worldwide are in Mandarin and less than 0.1% are in Hindi. 
 “ Asia - GSMA Consumer barriers to mobile internet adoption in Asia - January 2016
  53. In Africa, 7 in 10 people who do not use

    the internet say they just don’t know how to use it, and almost 4 in 10 say they do not know what the internet is. 
 In high-income Poland and the Slovak Republic, one- fifth of adults cannot use a computer. “ Digital illiteracy? - World Bank
  54. 41% do not use the internet at all, 53% do

    not have broadband access at home, and 23% do not use cell phones. “ American seniors - Older Adults and Technology Use (Pew Research Centre, April 2014)
  55. Digital Divide: Africa 2011-12 Individuals who use the internet (%)

    0 5 10 15 20 25 Bottom Upper
 40% 60% Mature Young
 (45+) (15-24) Rural Urban Women Men
 Gender Location Age Income distribution
 (household)
  56. Rural mobile internet users grew by a staggering 93% between

    December 2014-Dec 2015, yet only nine per cent of the hinterland has access to the technology. In comparison, 53% of urban areas had mobile internet connectivity and grew at 71% during the same period. “ Digital Divide (India) - Times of India, 3 Feb 1016
  57. In Nigeria, the data needed to watch just 2 minutes

    of online video a day can cost more than sending a child to school for a month. “ Nigeria - How To Make Internet Affordable
  58. Digital products are taxed as luxury goods Import tariffs (%)

    0 5 10 15 20 C uba C am bodia Argentina Brazil C am eroon C entral 
 African R ep. C had C ongo, D em . 
 R ep. G abon Liberia Belarus M adagascar Sam oa M ozam bique C hile Computers Laptops Computers and laptops
  59. Digital products are taxed as luxury goods Import tariffs (%)

    0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Fiji Pakistan Sam oa D om inican 
 R epublic C abo Verde Bangladesh Zim babw e Antigua and
 Barbuda Barbados Belize D om inica G renada G uyana Jam aica Mobile phones Mobile phones
  60. • Settle on fair and transparent ICT taxes. • Get

    governments and donors to step up efforts. • Agree on “affordability”: 1 GB for 2% • Invest in public access solutions. • Make getting women online a top priority. Fast Africa
  61. Online work can prove particularly beneficial for women, youth, older

    workers, and the disabled, who may prefer the flexibility of working from home or working flexible hours. “ Online work
  62. In India… women are 62% less likely to use the

    internet than men. Many of the underlying reasons for this – affordability, skills and content – are the same as for men; they are simply felt more acutely by women. “ Gender divide - GSMA Consumer barriers to mobile internet adoption in Africa - July 2016
  63. Rural Internet users are today almost exclusively male (98%) “

    Rural India’s gender divide - Boston Consulting Group - The Rising Connected Consumer in Rural India July 2016
  64. Women 25% Men 75% Total nonagricultural employment Women 44% Men

    56% Online work (Elance) Web empowers women
  65. Online work: Most important advantages Able to earn extra money

    Higher chances of getting higher earnings than in jobs offline Able to work from home 
 and work flexible hours Reduce time and 
 cost for job search Provide access to the 
 job market which 
 was limited before Higher chances of 
 getting a job that matches 
 my skills and interests 0 10 20 30 40 50 Men Women Percent of respondents
  66. Online work: Most important disadvantages Payment is not 
 good

    enough Friends and family 
 do not understand 
 what I am doing Do not have any 
 social benefits Require access to an 
 online payment system Require access to internet Require internet and 
 computer skills The job is temporary, 
 and it is not for a 
 long-term career 0 10 20 30 40 Men Women Percent of respondents
  67. The government of the Indian state of Kerala set up

    the Kudumbashree project to outsource information technology services to cooperatives of women from poor families; 90 percent of the women had not previously worked outside the home. “ “Prosperity of the family”
  68. ▪ Progressive Enhancement! ▪ Feature detection ▪ Compress images, use

    responsive images ▪ Performance matters! ▪ Consider a Progressive Web App ▪ Test in Opera Mini What can YOU do?
  69. Opera Mini: modes ▪ High mode: WebView (≈ 50% compression)


    ▪ Extreme mode: Server (up to 90% compression)
 ▪ iOS defaults to High mode
 ▪ Android defaults to Extreme mode (except Poland, USA, Sweden, Norway, Russia and Germany, which default to High)
 ▪ WindowsPhone, Feature Phones: Extreme mode only
  70. the full benefits of the information and communications transformation will

    not be realized unless countries continue to improve their business climate, invest in people’s education and health, and promote good governance. “
  71. Developing countries are home to 94% of the global offline

    population. “ - State of Connectivity 2014, internet.org
  72. an increase in Internet maturity similar to the one experienced

    in mature countries over the past 5 years creates an increase in real GDP per capita of $500 on average during this period. “ Internet matters - The Net’s sweeping impact on growth, jobs, and prosperity (McKinsey Global Institute)
  73. It took the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century 50

    years to produce the same result. “ Internet matters - The Net’s sweeping impact on growth, jobs, and prosperity (McKinsey Global Institute)
  74. Resources ▪ World Bank, Digital Dividends report http://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2016 ▪ Population

    forecast video by Hans Rosling (raw data from United Nations) https://www.gapminder.org/videos/dont-panic-the- facts-about-population/ ▪ More than half of humanity lives within this circle (Washington Post)) https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/ 2013/05/07/map-more-than-half-of-humanity-lives-within-this-circle/ ▪ Hours worked for 500MB data plan 360.here.com/2015/06/03/offline-navigation-really-matters-500mb-data-costs-week-wages/ ▪ By 2011, 56% of Bangladeshi households had access to a mobile phone mhealth.jmir.org/article/viewFile/mhealth_v3i1e24/2 ▪ Indonesia: social media capital of the world Indonesia #3 nation on Twitter, #4 on Facebook https://ondeviceresearch.com/blog/ indonesia-social-media-capital-world ▪ Myanmar: When a SIM Card Goes From $2,000 to $1.50 www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2014-09-29/myanmar-opens-its- mobile-phone-market-cuing-carrier-frenzy ▪ Population and GDP figures from CIA World Fact Book https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ ▪ Stats on page size/ images ratio from httparchive.org ▪ Opera’s work to reduce Chromium’s memory use https://dev.opera.com/blog/reducing-memory-use/ ▪ GSMA report on Africa (https://www.gsmaintelligence.com/research/2016/07/consumer-barriers-to-mobile-internet-adoption-in- africa/568/) Asia (https://www.gsmaintelligence.com/research/2016/06/consumer-barriers-to-mobile-internet-adoption-in-asia/ 559/) ▪ Fast Africa: How Do We Get FAST Internet? (Policy Advice) https://webwewant.org/fast-africa/toolkit/get-fast-internet-policy- advice/ ▪ McKinsey report www.mckinsey.com/insights/high_tech_telecoms_internet/internet_matters
  75. Picture sources ▪ Me by HTML sign in Tokyo by

    Doug Schepers (@shepazu), used with permission. All rights reserved. ▪ World Development Report 2016: Digital Dividends www.worldbank.org/en/ publication/wdr2016 ▪ “Is Google usable” video - clubinternet.co; used with permission. All rights reserved. https://vimeo.com/116787124 ▪ Opera's Blink commits cake photographed by Andreas Bovens. All rights reserved. ▪ Overloaded truck, monks buying phones, packed tuk-tuk, Bangkok cables, Cambodian selfie boy Bruce Lawson. All rights reserved. ▪ Putri photo used with Putri's permission; all rights reserved. ▪ Proxy browser market share graph by Scentia Mobile, used with permission. http://data.wurfl.io/MOVR/ pdf/2016_q1/MOVR_2016_q1.pdf
  76. Maps ▪ True size of Africa by Kai Krause (Public

    Domain) ▪ Map of Indonesia Single Color by FreeVectorMaps.com ▪ Map of India Single Color by FreeVectorMaps.com ▪ Map of Bangladesh Single Color by FreeVectorMaps.com ▪ Map of Myanmar Single Color by FreeVectorMaps.com ▪ Map of China Single Color by FreeVectorMaps.com ▪ Map of Africa Single Color by FreeVectorMaps.com ▪ Map of Asia Single Color by FreeVectorMaps.com