Rails 3 @ RS on Rails 2010

Carlos Antonio @cantoniodasilva
blog.plataformatec.com.br
Rails 3
Sunday, November 6, 11

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blog twitter
ID
Rails 3

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Quem sou eu?
• Carlos Antonio da Silva
• Desenvolvedor Ruby e Rails há mais de 2 anos
• Engenheiro da Plataforma Tecnologia a 1 ano

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Desenvolvimento de
aplicações em Rails
Consultoria
Coaching em
Rails e Agile

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Rails 3

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Como tudo começou?

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Vantagens do Rails 3

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Performance

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Performance
Modularidade

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Performance
Modularidade
Agnosticismo

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Arquitetura
ActionDispatch
ActiveSupport
Rails

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Arquitetura
ActionDispatch
ActiveSupport
Rails
Todo o resto são
Railties!

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Arquitetura
ActionDispatch
ActiveSupport
Rails
Todo o resto são
Railties!
ActiveRecord
ActionMailer
ActionController
ActionView
outros...

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Como o Rails 3
muda o modo como
desenvolvemos?

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rails command
Rails 2.3 Rails 3
rails blog rails new blog

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rails command
ruby script/server
ruby script/console
ruby script/generate
ruby script/dbconsole
rails console
rails generate
rails dbconsole
rails server
Rails 2.3 Rails 3

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rails command
rails server
rails console
rails generate
rails dbconsole
rails c
rails g
rails db
rails s
Rails 3 Shortcuts!

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blog/conﬁg.ru
require ::File.expand_path('../config/environment', __FILE__)
run Blog::Application

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blog/conﬁg/application.rb
require File.expand_path('../boot', __FILE__)
require 'rails/all'
Bundler.require(:default, Rails.env) if defined?(Bundler)
module Blog
class Application < Rails::Application
config.encoding = "utf-8"
config.filter_parameters += [:password]
end
end

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require 'rails/all'
module Blog
end
end
uma Rack App!

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O que é uma Rack App?

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O que é uma Rack App?
Qualquer objeto que responde ao método call,
retornando um array com três parâmetros: o
response status, os headers e o body, que por
sua vez deve responder ao método each.
Rack App!
lambda { |env| [ 200, {“Content-Type” => “plain/text”}, ["Hello!"] ] }

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require 'rails/all'
module Blog
end
end
uma Rack App!

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require 'rails/all'
module Blog
end
end

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blog/conﬁg/boot.rb
require 'rubygems'
# Set up gems listed in the Gemfile.
gemfile = File.expand_path('../../Gemfile', __FILE__)
begin
ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'] = gemfile
require 'bundler'
Bundler.setup
rescue Bundler::GemNotFound => e
STDERR.puts e.message
STDERR.puts "Try running `bundle install`."
exit!
end if File.exist?(gemfile)

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Bundler
Router
ActionMailer
ActiveModel
ActiveRecord
Responders
Unobtrusive Javascript
XSS Protection

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Biblioteca para gerenciamento de
dependências

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rsrails$ gem dependency actionpack -v="2.3.5"
Gem actionpack-2.3.5
activesupport (= 2.3.5, runtime)
rack (~> 1.0.0, runtime)
rsrails$ gem dependency thin
Gem thin-1.2.7
daemons (>= 1.0.9, runtime)
eventmachine (>= 0.12.6, runtime)
rack (>= 1.0.0, runtime)
Rubygems
Resolução de dependências

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Rubygems
require "rubygems"
require "thin"
gem "actionpack", "2.3.5"
Gems instaladas do rack:
* rack (1.0.1)
* rack (1.1.0)

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Rubygems
require "rubygems"
require "thin"
BOOM!!!
* rack (1.0.1)
* rack (1.1.0)

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Rubygems
require "rubygems"
require "thin"
can't activate rack (~> 1.0.0, runtime) for
["actionpack-2.3.5"], already activated rack-1.1.0 for
["thin-1.2.7"] (Gem::LoadError)
* rack (1.0.1)
* rack (1.1.0)

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Bundler: Gemﬁle
# Gemfile
gem "thin"

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Bundler: Gemﬁle
# Gemfile
gem "thin"
rsrails$ bundle list
Gems included by the bundle:
* actionpack (2.3.5)
* activesupport (2.3.5)
* daemons (1.0.10)
* eventmachine (0.12.10)
* rack (1.0.1)
* thin (1.2.7)

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Rubygems
$LOAD_PATH

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rsrails$ gem list
*** LOCAL GEMS ***
bundler (0.9.25)
rake (0.8.7, 0.8.5)
rdoc (2.5.8)
thor (0.13.6)
} Filesystem

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rsrails$ gem list
*** LOCAL GEMS ***
bundler (0.9.25)
rake (0.8.7, 0.8.5)
rdoc (2.5.8)
thor (0.13.6)
} Filesystem
# Rubygems
gem “rake”, “0.8.5”
} Gemﬁle

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rsrails$ gem list
*** LOCAL GEMS ***
bundler (0.9.25)
rake (0.8.7, 0.8.5)
rdoc (2.5.8)
thor (0.13.6)
} Filesystem
# Rubygems
gem “rake”, “0.8.5”
} Gemﬁle
bundler (0.9.25)
rake (0.8.7, 0.8.5)
rdoc (2.5.8)
thor (0.13.6)
} $LOAD_PATH

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Bundler
Lock no $LOAD_PATH

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Esqueci de colocar no conﬁg.gem!

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rsrails$ gem list
*** LOCAL GEMS ***
bundler (0.9.25)
rake (0.8.7, 0.8.5)
rdoc (2.5.8)
thor (0.13.6)
} Filesystem

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rsrails$ gem list
*** LOCAL GEMS ***
bundler (0.9.25)
rake (0.8.7, 0.8.5)
rdoc (2.5.8)
thor (0.13.6)
} Filesystem
# Gemfile - Bundler
gem “rake”, “0.8.5”
} Gemﬁle

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rsrails$ gem list
*** LOCAL GEMS ***
bundler (0.9.25)
rake (0.8.7, 0.8.5)
rdoc (2.5.8)
thor (0.13.6)
} Filesystem
# Gemfile - Bundler
gem “rake”, “0.8.5”
} Gemﬁle
rake-0.8.5
} $LOAD_PATH

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rsrails$ gem list
rake (0.8.7, 0.8.5)
thor (0.13.6)

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# Gemfile
gem "rake"
rsrails$ gem list
rake (0.8.7, 0.8.5)
thor (0.13.6)

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# Gemfile
gem "rake"
# test_load_path_lock.rb
require "rubygems"
require "bundler"
Bundler.setup
require "rake"
require "thor"
rsrails$ gem list
rake (0.8.7, 0.8.5)
thor (0.13.6)

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# Gemfile
gem "rake"
require "rubygems"
require "bundler"
Bundler.setup
require "rake"
require "thor"
rsrails$ gem list
rake (0.8.7, 0.8.5)
thor (0.13.6)
Lock no $LOAD_PATH

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# Gemfile
gem "rake"
require "rubygems"
require "bundler"
Bundler.setup
require "rake"
require "thor"
rsrails$ gem list
rake (0.8.7, 0.8.5)
thor (0.13.6)
rsrails$ ruby test_load_path_lock.rb
test_load_path_lock.rb:6:in `require': no such ﬁle to load -- thor (LoadError)

from test_load_path_lock.rb:6
Lock no $LOAD_PATH

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Packaging System
OMG!

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Bundler
Router
ActionMailer
ActiveModel
ActiveRecord
Responders
XSS Protection

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Nova API
Router

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Rotas root
Rails 2.3
Rails 3
map.root :controller => "welcome"
root :to => "welcome#index"

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Rotas comuns
Rails 2.3
Rails 3
map.connect "products/:id", :controller=> "catalog", :action => "view"
match 'products/:id' => 'catalog#view'

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Rotas nomeadas
Rails 2.3
Rails 3
map.purchase "products/:id/purchase", :controller => "catalog",
:action => "purchase"
match "products/:id/purchase" => 'catalog#purchase',
:as => :purchase

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Resources com member e
collection
Rails 2.3
Rails 3
map.resources :products, :member => { :short => :get,
:toggle => :post }, :collection => { :sold => :get }
resources :products do
member do
get :short
post :toggle
end
get :sold, :on => :collection
end

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Router e Rack FTW!

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Router e Rack FTW!
match "posts/:echo", :to => "posts#show"

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Router e Rack FTW!
match "posts/:echo", :to => PostsController.action(:show)
Rack App!

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Router e Rack FTW!
match "/posts/:echo" => redirect("/foo/%{echo}")
Rack App!

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Router e Rack FTW!
match "posts/:echo" => lambda { |env| [ 200, {“Content-Type” =>
“plain/text”}, ["Echo!"] ] }
Rack App!

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Router e Rack FTW!
match "posts/:echo" => MySinatraBlog
match "posts/:echo" => lambda { |env| [ 200, {“Content-Type” =>
“plain/text”}, ["Echo!"] ] }
Rack App!

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100% compatível
com Rack
OMG!

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Bundler
Router
ActionMailer
ActiveModel
ActiveRecord
Responders
XSS Protection

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ActionMailer
rsrails$ ls -lp app/
controllers/
helpers/
mailers/
models/
views/
rsrails$ rails g mailer Notifier signup_notification
create app/mailers/notifier.rb
invoke erb
create app/views/notifier
create app/views/notifier/signup_notification.text.erb
invoke test_unit
create test/functional/notifier_test.rb

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ActionMailer
rsrails$ ls -lp app/
controllers/
helpers/
mailers/
models/
views/
rsrails$ rails g mailer Notifier signup_notification
create app/mailers/notifier.rb
invoke erb
create app/views/notifier
create app/views/notifier/signup_notification.text.erb
invoke test_unit
create test/functional/notifier_test.rb
mailers com diretório próprio

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ActionMailer
Nova API

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TMail

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TMail
Mail

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class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base
default :from => "[email protected]"
def signup_notification(recipient)
@account = recipient
attachments['image.jpg'] = File.read("image.jpg")
mail(:to => recipient.email) do |format|
format.html
format.text
end
end
end
ActionMailer nova API

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format.html
format.text
end
end
end
Defaults

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format.html
format.text
end
end
end
Variáveis
de
instância
Defaults

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format.html
format.text
end
end
end
Variáveis
de
instância Attachments tipo
cookies
Defaults

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format.html
format.text
end
end
end
Variáveis
de
instância Attachments tipo
cookies
mail tipo respond_to do |format|
Defaults

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ActionMailer::Base ActionController::Base
ActionController::Metal
AbstractController::Base

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Menos coisas para
lembrar
OMG!

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Bundler
Router
ActionMailer
ActiveModel
ActiveRecord
Responders
XSS Protection

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ActiveModel

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• Google Summer of Code 2009:
ActiveModel

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• Extrair a lógica comum entre ActiveRecord e
ActiveResource
ActiveModel

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ActiveResource
• Hoje
ActiveModel

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ActiveResource
• Hoje
• Desempenha papel no agnosticismo de ORM
ActiveModel

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ActiveResource
• Hoje
• Desempenha papel no agnosticismo de ORM
• Permite a criação de models à la ActiveRecord
ActiveModel

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ActiveResource::Base +
ActiveModel
module ActiveResource
...
class Base
extend ActiveModel::Naming
include CustomMethods, Observing, Validations
include ActiveModel::Conversion
include ActiveModel::Serializers::JSON
include ActiveModel::Serializers::Xml
end
end

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ActiveRecord::Base +
ActiveModel
Base.class_eval do
...
extend ActiveModel::Naming
...
include ActiveModel::Conversion
include Validations
...
include ActiveModel::MassAssignmentSecurity
include Callbacks, ActiveModel::Observing, Timestamp
end
end

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MyApp + ActiveModel
class Person
include ActiveModel::Validations
attr_accessor :name, :age
validates_presence_of :name, :age
end
>> p = Person.new
=> #
>> p.valid?
=> false
>> p.errors.full_messages
=> ["Name can't be blank", "Age can't be blank"]

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Agnosticismo de ORM

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ActiveModel Rails::Railtie
Agnosticismo de ORM
Agnosticismo de ORM

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Agnosticismo de ORM
Agnosticismo de ORM
Provê uma API para que o
ActionPack possa conversar com o
ORM

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Agnosticismo de ORM
Agnosticismo de ORM
Integração do ORM com o Rails
Provê uma API para que o
ActionPack possa conversar com o
ORM

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Callbacks
Serialization
Validations
Data Mapper MongoDB
ActiveRecord MeuModel
ActiveModel

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ActiveModel::Lint::Tests

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module ActiveModel
module Lint
module Tests
def test_to_key; end
def test_to_param; end
def test_valid?; end
def test_persisted?; end
def test_model_naming; end
def test_errors_aref; end
def test_errors_full_messages; end
end
end
end

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ActiveRecord-like
http://github.com/plataformatec/mail_form
Ótimo exemplo de uso do ActiveModel

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Menos hacks!
Reusabilidade
OMG!

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Bundler
Router
ActionMailer
ActiveModel
ActiveRecord
Responders
XSS Protection

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Nova API
select
where
order
limit
offset
from
joins
includes
group
having
lock
readonly

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Nova API
Post.find(:all, :order => "published_at desc", :limit => 10)
Rails 2.3
Rails 3
Post.order("published_at desc").limit(10)

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Nova API
Rails 2.3
Rails 3
Post.all(:conditions => ["published_at <= ?", Time.now],
:include => :comments)
Post.where("published_at <= ?", Time.now).includes(:comments)

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Lazy loading
Job.find(:all, :conditions => {:published => true})
Job.where(:published => true)
Faz um query no DB imediatamente e retorna um array de Jobs
Não faz query no DB, retorna um ActiveRecord::Relation
Rails 2.3
Rails 3

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Lazy loading
# app/controllers/jobs_controller.rb
class JobsController < ApplicationController
def index
@jobs = Jobs.where(:published => true).order("created_at DESC")
end
end
# app/views/jobs/index.html.erb
<% cache do %>
<% @jobs.each do |job| %>
...
<% end %>
<% end %>

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Lazy loading
def index
end
end
<% cache do %>
...
<% end %>
<% end %>
Não realiza query no DB

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Lazy loading
def index
end
end
<% cache do %>
...
<% end %>
<% end %>
Só aqui que será feito a query no DB

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Lazy loading
def index
end
end
<% cache do %>
...
<% end %>
<% end %>
Só aqui que será feito a query no DB
Se estiver cacheado, a query
não é disparada!

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Chainability:
it “quacks” like named_scope
cars = Car.where(:colour => 'black')
black_fancy_cars = cars.order('cars.price DESC').limit(10)
black_cheap_cart = cars.order('cars.price ASC').limit(10)

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Chainability:
ActiveRecord::Relation

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Chainability:
ActiveRecord::Relation
Reaproveitar uma Relation
e encadear mais ﬁnders

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Falando em named_scope...
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :comments
scope :published, where('posts.published_at is not null')
scope :recent, published.order("posts.published_at desc").limit(10)
end
class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :post
scope :from_published_posts, joins(:post) & Post.published
end

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Falando em named_scope...
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :comments
scope :published, where('posts.published_at is not null')
scope :recent, published.order("posts.published_at desc").limit(10)
end
class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :post
scope :from_published_posts, joins(:post) & Post.published
end
DRY

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Mas e sobre o ARel
que tanto se fala?

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ARel == Relational Algebra
ARel != ActiveRecord::Relation

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Código mais limpo
OMG!

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Bundler
Router
ActionMailer
ActiveModel
ActiveRecord
Responders
XSS Protection

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def index
@users = User.all
respond_to do |format|
format.html # index.html.erb
format.xml { render :xml => @users }
end
end
Rails 2.3

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Rails 3.0
respond_to :html, :xml
def index
@users = User.all
respond_with(@users)
end

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3 variáveis
Formato do request
Verbo HTTP
Status do recurso

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def create
@user = User.new(params[:user])
respond_to do |format|
if @user.save
format.html { redirect_to @user, :notice => 'User was
successfully created' }
format.xml { render :xml => @user, :status
=> :created, :location => @user }
else
format.html { render :action => "new" }
format.xml { render :xml => @user.errors, :status
=> :unprocessable_entity }
end
end
end
Rails 2.3

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Rails 3.0
def create
@user = User.new(params[:user])
flash[:notice] = 'User was successfully created' if @user.save
respond_with(@user)
end

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ActionController::Responder
Formato do request
Verbo HTTP
Status do recurso

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ActionController::Responder
to_code
Formato do request
Verbo HTTP
Status do recurso

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Responders Customizados

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github.com/plataformatec/responders

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FlashResponder: seta o ﬂash baseado no controller,
na action e no status do recurso

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HttpCacheResponder: adiciona o cabeçalho HTTP
Last-Modiﬁed para requests de API

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HttpCacheResponder: adiciona o cabeçalho HTTP
Last-Modiﬁed para requests de API
CollectionResponder: altera o redirecionamento
para a action :index ao criar/atualizar um recurso

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DRY
OMG!

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Bundler
Router
ActionMailer
ActiveModel
ActiveRecord
Responders
XSS Protection

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remote_form_for(@post)
Unobtrusive Javascript: Rails 2.3
link_to 'Destroy', post, :confirm => 'Are you sure?',:method => :delete

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onsubmit="new Ajax.Request('/posts', {asynchronous:true, evalScripts:true,
parameters:Form.serialize(this)}); return false;">

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onsubmit="new Ajax.Request('/posts', {asynchronous:true, evalScripts:true,
parameters:Form.serialize(this)}); return false;">
Destroy

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Unobtrusive Javascript: Rails 3
form_for(@posts, :remote => true)
method="post">

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Unobtrusive Javascript: Rails 3
link_to 'Destroy', post, :confirm => 'Are you sure?', :method => :delete
rel="nofollow">Destroy

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JS para todos os gostos
• Prototype: default
• jQuery: http://github.com/rails/jquery-ujs
• MooTools: http://mootools.net/forge/p/rails_3_driver
• Você pode fazer o seu!

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Javascript no Rails 3

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HTML 5 custom data attributes JS driver para cada framework
Agnosticismo de Javascript
Javascript no Rails 3

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• link_to_remote
• observe_ﬁeld
• form_remote_tag
• submit_to_remote
• periodically_call_remote
• remote_form_for
• observe_form
• button_to_remote
Helpers Deprecados no Rails 3
http://github.com/rails/prototype_legacy_helper

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Agnosticismo +
HTML 5
OMG! JQUERY!

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Bundler
Router
ActionMailer
ActiveModel
ActiveRecord
Responders
XSS Protection

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XSS protection
<%= @job.title %> <%= h @job.title %>
Rails 2.3: unsafe por default
safe
unsafe
<%= @job.title %> <%= raw @job.title %>
Rails 3: safe por default
safe unsafe

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Helpers que retornam HTML
module ApplicationHelper
def strong(content)
"#{h content}".html_safe
end
end

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def strong(content)
end
end
Dicas:
1. Certiﬁcar-se de que todo input está sendo escapado

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def strong(content)
end
end
Dicas:
1. Certiﬁcar-se de que todo input está sendo escapado
2. Chamar html_safe no output

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Segurança
OMG!

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Bundler
Router
ActionMailer
ActiveModel
ActiveRecord
Responders
XSS Protection

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Agora... como eu começo
a usar tudo isso que está
disponível no Rails 3?

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Para começar
rsrails$ gem install rails --pre
...
Successfully installed rails-3.0.0.rc
23 gems installed
rsrails$ rails -v
Rails 3.0.0.rc

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Para atualizar

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Para atualizar
• rails upgrade plugin:
• http://github.com/rails/rails_upgrade

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Para atualizar
• rails upgrade handbook:
• http://www.railsupgradehandbook.com/

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Para atualizar
• rails upgrade handbook:
• http://www.railsupgradehandbook.com/
• screencasts “Upgrading to Rails 3”:
• http://railscasts.com/, Episódios #225, #226 e #227

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http://github.com/plataformatec
Tem muito mais aqui!
?!

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blog twitter
ID
http://github.com/plataformatec
Tem muito mais aqui!
?!

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Rails 3 @ RS on Rails 2010

Rails 3 @ RS on Rails 2010

Carlos Antonio

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