Tips and Treats for New Developers

Transcript

1. Tips and tricks for new developers
2. David Padilla @dabit
3. @micheladaio
7. Tips and tricks for new developers
8. A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away
9. 2009
12. Solving the Riddle of Search: Using Sphinx with Rails The more complex your search queries becomes, the uglier your SQL statements get, even with ActiveRecord's helpful magic. Reclaim some clarity in your code by using the Sphinx search engine, a powerful tool that lets you search across your models in fast and complex ways.
13. Webrat: Rails Acceptance Testing Evolved Webrat, a Ruby DSL for interacting with Web applications, helps you write expressive, maintainable acceptance tests while sidestepping the issues traditionally associated with in-browser approaches like Selenium and Watir. We'll look at how you can use Webrat to develop a robust acceptance test suite to ensure your app stays working as you refactor mercilessly.
14. Smacking Git Around - Advanced Git Tricks Much of the Ruby and Rails community is now using Git, but there are a number of fun things that are a bit more difficult to get the hang of that are incredibly helpful to know when using Git. This session will go over some advanced Git usage for the casual or intermediate Git user.
16. Git is an open source, distributed version control system implemented as a directed acyclic graph of commit objects pointing to snapshots of content, with all data saved in it's own custom content addressable filesystem by the SHA-1 checksum hash of each objects data. Branches are simply pointers into this directed graph of commits, identifying entry points that designate the latest work on that branch, allowing Git to traverse the pointers, determining a coherent history. This makes branching cheap and easy, and merging simple, encouraging non-linear development styles and frictionless context switching while facilitating distributed development, cryptographic integrity and late decision making. Nearly all commands run locally with no network latency overhead and it is implemented mainly in C, making it incredibly fast and efficient even for very large projects. There are several large open source projects using it, not to mention the 100,000 open source repositories maintained by the 80,000 developers on GitHub alone. https://gist.github.com/schacon/111475
17. Mongrel 8080 8082 8083 8084 8085 8081
19. N G I N X
20. H A P R O X Y
21. we need talks for beginners
22. This talk is for beginners
23. let’s begin
24. config files
25. rails new railsconf
27. config/database.yml $ cp config/database.yml config/database.sample.yml $ echo "config/database.yml" >> .gitignore
28. config/secrets.yml $ cp config/secrets.yml config/secrets.sample.yml $ echo "config/secrets.yml" >> .gitignore
29. config/payments.yml development: stripe_key: ABCXYZ test: stripe_key: ABCXYZ production: stripe_key: <%= ENV['STRIPE_KEY'] %>
30. config/payments.yml # Rails.application.config_for(:payments)['stripe_key'] => "ABCXYZ"
31. config/that_api.yml # Rails.application.config_for(:that_api)
32. wherever there’s a string or an integer
33. you probably want a constant or a setting
34. if registered_at < 30.minutes.ago # ... end
35. use a constant REGISTRATION_LIMIT = 30 if registered_at < REGISTRATION_LIMIT.minutes.ago # ... end
36. use a configuration file if registered_at < Rails.application.config_for(:registration)['limit'].minutes.ago # ... end
37. Database
38. Do not ignore db/schema.rb
39. You should always be able to restore db state with: $ rails db:setup or $ rails db:reset
40. Don’t change data in db migrations
41. Be careful when you change data in db migrations
42. def self.up add_column :companies, :zip_code, :integer add_column :companies, :name, :string Company.find(:all).each do |company| name, zip_code = company.code.split('-') company.update_attributes(name: name, zip_code: zip_code) end remove_column :companies, :code end
43. not future proof
44. def self.up add_column :companies, :zip_code, :integer add_column :companies, :name, :string Company.find(:all).each do |company| name, zip_code = company.code.split('-') company.update_attributes(name: name, zip_code: zip_code) end remove_column :companies, :code end
45. def self.up add_column :companies, :zip_code, :integer add_column :companies, :name, :string Company.find(:all).each do |company| name, zip_code = company.code.split('-') company.update_attributes(name: name, zip_code: zip_code) end remove_column :companies, :code end
46. Longer deploy times
47. def self.up add_column :companies, :zip_code, :integer add_column :companies, :name, :string Company.find(:all).each do |company| name, zip_code = company.code.split('-') company.update_attributes(name: name, zip_code: zip_code) end remove_column :companies, :code end
48. def self.up add_column :companies, :zip_code, :integer add_column :companies, :name, :string Company.find(:all).each do |company| name, zip_code = company.code.split('-') company.update_attributes(name: name, zip_code: zip_code) end remove_column :companies, :code end
49. Risk down time
50. def self.up add_column :companies, :zip_code, :integer add_column :companies, :name, :string Company.find(:all).each do |company| name, zip_code = company.code.split('-') company.update_attributes(name: name, zip_code: zip_code) end remove_column :companies, :code end
51. Prefer SQL over Ruby
52. def self.up add_column :companies, :zip_code, :integer add_column :companies, :name, :string execute <<EOS UPDATE companies SET name = SPLIT_PART(code, '-', 1), zip_code = SPLIT_PART(code, '-', 2) EOS remove_column :companies, :code end
53. def self.up add_column :companies, :zip_code, :integer add_column :companies, :name, :string execute <<EOS UPDATE companies SET name = SPLIT_PART(code, '-', 1), zip_code = SPLIT_PART(code, '-', 2) EOS remove_column :companies, :code end
54. gem 'rails-data-migrations'
55. $ rake -T data rake data:migrate # Apply pending data migrations rake data:migrate:down # Revert single data migration using VERSION rake data:migrate:pending # List pending migrations rake data:migrate:skip # Skip single data migration using VERSION rake data:migrate:up # Apply single data migration using VERSION
56. class AddActiveToAuthors < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.1] def change add_column :authors, :active, :boolean Author.update_all(active: true) end end
57. class AddActiveToAuthors < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.1] def change add_column :authors, :active, :boolean Author.update_all(active: true) end end
58. $ rails g data_migration set_authors_active create db/data_migrations/20170420185616_set_authors_active.rb
59. $ rails g data_migration set_authors_active create db/data_migrations/20170420185616_set_authors_active.rb
60. class SetAuthorsActive < ActiveRecord::DataMigration def up Author.update_all(active: true) end end
61. class AddActiveToAuthors < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.1] def change add_column :authors, :active, :boolean Author.update_all(active: true) end end
64. Background jobs
65. Do not pass objects to background jobs
66. class BigBadJob def perform(order, user) order.assign_to(user) # ... end end
67. class BigBadJob def perform(order_id, user_id) order = Order.find(order_id) user = User.find(user_id) order.assign_to(user) # ... end end
68. Deliver your email later
69. # # Rails 4 # class OrderMailer < ActionMailer::Base def confirmation(order, user) # ... end end
70. # # Rails 4 # class OrderMailer < ActionMailer::Base def confirmation(order_id, user_id) @order = Order.find(order_id) @user = User.find(user_id) # ... end end
71. # # Sidekiq or Delayed Job # OrderMailer.delay.confirmation(order_id, user_id)
72. # # Active Job # OrderMailer.confirmation(order_id, user_id).deliver_later
73. Be RESTful ALL THE TIME
74. REST
75. show new create edit update delete index
76. class ProductsController < ApplicationController def deactivate # ... end end # # config/routes.rb # Rails.application.routes.draw do resources :products do get :deactivate end end
77. class ProductStatesController < ApplicationController def update # ... end end # # config/routes.rb # Rails.application.routes.draw do resources :products do resource :status, only: :update, controller: :product_statuses end end
78. class CartsController < ApplicationController def apply_coupon # ... end end # # config/routes.rb # Rails.application.routes.draw do resource :cart do get :apply_coupon end end
79. class DiscountsController < ApplicationController def create # ... end end # # config/routes.rb # Rails.application.routes.draw do resource :cart do resource :discount, only: :create, controller: :cart_discounts end end
80. class ContactsController < ApplicationController def search # ... end end # # config/routes.rb # Rails.application.routes.draw do resources :contacts do get :search end end
81. class Contacts::SearchesController < ApplicationsController def show # ... end end # # config/routes.rb # Rails.application.routes.draw do resources :contacts namespace :contacts do resource :search, only: :show end end
82. show new create edit update delete index
83. gems you must
84. rubocop
85. rubocop --auto-gen-config
86. .rubocop_todo.yml
87. # # .rubocop.yml # inherit_from: .rubocop_todo.yml
89. $ echo "inherit_from: .rubocop_todo.yml" >> .rubocop.yml
91. # # .rubocop.yml # Metrics/LineLength: Max: 130
92. # # .rubocop_todo.yml # Style/Documentation: Exclude: - 'spec/**/*' - 'test/**/*' - 'app/controllers/application_controller.rb' - 'app/helpers/application_helper.rb' - 'app/mailers/application_mailer.rb' - 'app/models/application_record.rb' - 'config/application.rb'
93. # # .rubocop.yml # Style/Documentation: Enabled: false
94. # # .rubocop.yml # Metrics/MethodLength: Max: 10
95. .git/hooks/pre-push #!/bin/bash rubocop
96. annotate
99. # == Schema Information # # Table name: users # # id :integer not null, primary key # name :string # username :string # password :string # active :boolean # created_at :datetime not null # updated_at :datetime not null # class User < ApplicationRecord end
100. $ annotate --routes
101. # == Route Map # # Prefix Verb URI Pattern Controller#Action # contacts GET /contacts(.:format) contacts#index # POST /contacts(.:format) contacts#create # new_contact GET /contacts/new(.:format) contacts#new # edit_contact GET /contacts/:id/edit(.:format) contacts#edit # contact GET /contacts/:id(.:format) contacts#show # PATCH /contacts/:id(.:format) contacts#update # PUT /contacts/:id(.:format) contacts#update # DELETE /contacts/:id(.:format) contacts#destroy # contacts_search GET /contacts/search(.:format) contacts/searches#show # cart_discount POST /cart/discount(.:format) cart_discounts#create # new_cart GET /cart/new(.:format) carts#new # edit_cart GET /cart/edit(.:format) carts#edit # cart GET /cart(.:format) carts#show # PATCH /cart(.:format) carts#update # PUT /cart(.:format) carts#update # DELETE /cart(.:format) carts#destroy # POST /cart(.:format) carts#create # product_status PATCH /products/:product_id/status(.:format) product_statuses#update # PUT /products/:product_id/status(.:format) product_statuses#update # products GET /products(.:format) products#index # POST /products(.:format) products#create # new_product GET /products/new(.:format) products#new # edit_product GET /products/:id/edit(.:format) products#edit # product GET /products/:id(.:format) products#show # PATCH /products/:id(.:format) products#update # PUT /products/:id(.:format) products#update # DELETE /products/:id(.:format) products#destroy # Rails.application.routes.draw do resources :contacts namespace :contacts do resource :search, only: :show end resource :cart do resource :discount, only: :create, controller: :cart_discounts end resources :products do resource :status, only: :update, controller: :product_statuses end end
102. bullet
103. detects n+1 problem as it happens
104. # == Schema Information # # Table name: books # # id :integer not null, primary key # title :string # description :text # author_id :integer # created_at :datetime not null # updated_at :datetime not null # class Book < ApplicationRecord belongs_to :author has_many :comments end
105. # == Schema Information # # Table name: authors # # id :integer not null, primary key # name :string # created_at :datetime not null # updated_at :datetime not null # class Author < ApplicationRecord end
106. # == Schema Information # # Table name: comments # # id :integer not null, primary key # book_id :integer # user_id :integer # comment :text # created_at :datetime not null # updated_at :datetime not null # class Comment < ApplicationRecord belongs_to :user belongs_to :book end
108. class BooksController < ApplicationController def index @books = Book.all end end
110. Started GET "/books" for 127.0.0.1 at 2017-04-18 13:33:52 -0700 Processing by BooksController#index as HTML Rendering books/index.html.erb within layouts/application Book Load (0.3ms) SELECT "books".* FROM "books" Author Load (0.1ms) SELECT "authors".* FROM "authors" WHERE "authors"."id" = ? L Comment Load (0.1ms) SELECT "comments".* FROM "comments" WHERE "comments"."book_i User Load (0.1ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE "users"."id" = ? LIMIT ? Author Load (0.1ms) SELECT "authors".* FROM "authors" WHERE "authors"."id" = ? L Comment Load (0.1ms) SELECT "comments".* FROM "comments" WHERE "comments"."book_i CACHE User Load (0.0ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE "users"."id" = ? LIM CACHE Author Load (0.0ms) SELECT "authors".* FROM "authors" WHERE "authors"."id" Comment Load (0.1ms) SELECT "comments".* FROM "comments" WHERE "comments"."book_i CACHE User Load (0.0ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE "users"."id" = ? LIM CACHE Author Load (0.0ms) SELECT "authors".* FROM "authors" WHERE "authors"."id" Comment Load (0.1ms) SELECT "comments".* FROM "comments" WHERE "comments"."book_i CACHE User Load (0.0ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE "users"."id" = ? LIM Author Load (0.1ms) SELECT "authors".* FROM "authors" WHERE "authors"."id" = ? L Comment Load (0.1ms) SELECT "comments".* FROM "comments" WHERE "comments"."book_i CACHE User Load (0.0ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE "users"."id" = ? LIM Rendered books/index.html.erb within layouts/application (19.0ms) Completed 200 OK in 30ms (Views: 26.4ms | ActiveRecord: 1.5ms)
111. Started GET "/books" for 127.0.0.1 at 2017-04-18 13:33:52 -0700 Processing by BooksController#index as HTML Rendering books/index.html.erb within layouts/application Book Load (0.3ms) SELECT "books".* FROM "books" Author Load (0.1ms) SELECT "authors".* FROM "authors" WHERE "authors"."id" = ? L Comment Load (0.1ms) SELECT "comments".* FROM "comments" WHERE "comments"."book_i User Load (0.1ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE "users"."id" = ? LIMIT ? Author Load (0.1ms) SELECT "authors".* FROM "authors" WHERE "authors"."id" = ? L Comment Load (0.1ms) SELECT "comments".* FROM "comments" WHERE "comments"."book_i CACHE User Load (0.0ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE "users"."id" = ? LIM CACHE Author Load (0.0ms) SELECT "authors".* FROM "authors" WHERE "authors"."id" Comment Load (0.1ms) SELECT "comments".* FROM "comments" WHERE "comments"."book_i CACHE User Load (0.0ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE "users"."id" = ? LIM CACHE Author Load (0.0ms) SELECT "authors".* FROM "authors" WHERE "authors"."id" Comment Load (0.1ms) SELECT "comments".* FROM "comments" WHERE "comments"."book_i CACHE User Load (0.0ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE "users"."id" = ? LIM Author Load (0.1ms) SELECT "authors".* FROM "authors" WHERE "authors"."id" = ? L Comment Load (0.1ms) SELECT "comments".* FROM "comments" WHERE "comments"."book_i CACHE User Load (0.0ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE "users"."id" = ? LIM Rendered books/index.html.erb within layouts/application (19.0ms) Completed 200 OK in 30ms (Views: 26.4ms | ActiveRecord: 1.5ms)
112. gem 'bullet' config.after_initialize do Bullet.enable = true Bullet.console = true Bullet.rails_logger = true Bullet.add_footer = true end
115. class BooksController < ApplicationController def index @books = Book.includes(:author, comments: :user) end end
116. Started GET "/books" for 127.0.0.1 at 2017-04-18 13:42:06 -0700 Processing by BooksController#index as HTML Rendering books/index.html.erb within layouts/application Book Load (0.1ms) SELECT "books".* FROM "books" Author Load (0.2ms) SELECT "authors".* FROM "authors" WHERE "authors"."id" IN (1, Comment Load (0.2ms) SELECT "comments".* FROM "comments" WHERE "comments"."book_i User Load (0.2ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE "users"."id" = 1 Rendered books/index.html.erb within layouts/application (61.6ms) Completed 200 OK in 92ms (Views: 73.1ms | ActiveRecord: 3.5ms)
117. Started GET "/books" for 127.0.0.1 at 2017-04-18 13:42:06 -0700 Processing by BooksController#index as HTML Rendering books/index.html.erb within layouts/application Book Load (0.1ms) SELECT "books".* FROM "books" Author Load (0.2ms) SELECT "authors".* FROM "authors" WHERE "authors"."id" IN (1, Comment Load (0.2ms) SELECT "comments".* FROM "comments" WHERE "comments"."book_i User Load (0.2ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE "users"."id" = 1 Rendered books/index.html.erb within layouts/application (61.6ms) Completed 200 OK in 92ms (Views: 73.1ms | ActiveRecord: 3.5ms)
118. oink
119. detect memory leaks before its too late
120. Gemfile gem 'oink'
121. config/initializers/oink.rb Rails.application.middleware.use(Oink::Middleware, :logger => Rails.logger)
122. Started GET "/books" for 127.0.0.1 at 2017-04-18 13:46:08 -0700 (0.1ms) SELECT "schema_migrations"."version" FROM "schema_migrations" ORDER BY " Processing by BooksController#index as HTML Rendering books/index.html.erb within layouts/application Book Load (0.2ms) SELECT "books".* FROM "books" Author Load (0.1ms) SELECT "authors".* FROM "authors" WHERE "authors"."id" IN (1, Comment Load (0.1ms) SELECT "comments".* FROM "comments" WHERE "comments"."book_i User Load (0.1ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE "users"."id" = 1 Rendered books/index.html.erb within layouts/application (50.1ms) Completed 200 OK in 116ms (Views: 94.4ms | ActiveRecord: 2.6ms) Oink Action: books#index Memory usage: 2596436 | PID: 31331 Instantiation Breakdown: Total: 14 | Book: 5 | Comment: 5 | Author: 3 | User: 1 Oink Log Entry Complete
123. Started GET "/books" for 127.0.0.1 at 2017-04-18 13:46:08 -0700 (0.1ms) SELECT "schema_migrations"."version" FROM "schema_migrations" ORDER BY " Processing by BooksController#index as HTML Rendering books/index.html.erb within layouts/application Book Load (0.2ms) SELECT "books".* FROM "books" Author Load (0.1ms) SELECT "authors".* FROM "authors" WHERE "authors"."id" IN (1, Comment Load (0.1ms) SELECT "comments".* FROM "comments" WHERE "comments"."book_i User Load (0.1ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" WHERE "users"."id" = 1 Rendered books/index.html.erb within layouts/application (50.1ms) Completed 200 OK in 116ms (Views: 94.4ms | ActiveRecord: 2.6ms) Oink Action: books#index Memory usage: 2596436 | PID: 31331 Instantiation Breakdown: Total: 14 | Book: 5 | Comment: 5 | Author: 3 | User: 1 Oink Log Entry Complete
124. That’s all!
125. THANK YOU David Padilla @dabit david@michelada.io