PHP: Extending The Core - Why You Should Learn It

Have you ever thought about to be a contributor of the PHP core? Have you ever want to build a driver to access a hardware or even adding a new feature in the language? In this talk you will not only learn how to build your own PHP extension, but also change your way of programming, dissecting the language internals.

Presented at The Developers Conference Porto Alegre 2017.

Transcript

1. Lucas Mendes | Software Architect | @devsdmf PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE WHY YOU SHOULD LEARN IT
2. $ whoami
3. PHP AT THE CORE UNDER THE HOOD…
4. OVERVIEW
5. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE OVERVIEW ▸ Written in C Ansi ▸ Interpreted, imperative, procedural, object-oriented ▸ Dynamic typed ▸ Made for the web, used anywhere ▸ Extensible ▸ Powerful
6. ARCHITECTURE
7. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE
8. EXTENSIONS
10. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE EXTENSIONS ▸ Adds functionality ▸ Replaces functionality ▸ Change behavior ▸ Performance optimization ▸ Security improvement ▸ Link against an external library ▸ and many more…
11. CORE 
 EXTENSIONS
12. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PHP CORE EXTENSIONS ▸ ext/standard ▸ ext/date ▸ ext/ereg ▸ ext/pcre ▸ ext/reflection ▸ ext/spl
13. INTERNAL 
 EXTENSIONS
14. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PHP INTERNAL EXTENSIONS bcmath curl date gd ftp shmop iconv dom hash mysqli json intl pcntl mbstring soap xsl zlib Everything in ext/ folder
15. EXTERNAL 
 EXTENSIONS
16. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PECL: PHP EXTENSION COMMUNITY LIBRARY ▸ Too many extensions for various interesting (and odd things) ▸ Installed with PECL tool ▸ Successor of the Siberia ▸ pecl.php.net
17. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE EXTENSIONS - EXTERNAL EXTENSIONS tk mongo imagick mcrypt binpack radius jsonc handlebars inotify solr apc libevent ev opengl tidy gender archive too many others…
18. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE EXTENSIONS OVERVIEW
19. STATIC VS SHARED
 (EXTENSIONS)
20. PHP EXTENSIONS
 VS ZEND EXTENSIONS
21. EXTENSIONS 
 LIFETIME
22. EXTENSIONS LIFETIME
23. PHP REQUEST LIFECYCLES
24. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PHP REQUEST LIFECYCLE - BASICS
25. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PHP REQUEST LIFECYCLES - PROCESS-BASED MODEL
26. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PHP REQUEST LIFECYCLES - THREAD-BASED MODEL
27. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PHP REQUEST LIFECYCLES - EXECUTION
28. MEMORY MANAGEMENT
29. ZMM
 (ZEND MEMORY MANAGER)
30. REQUEST-BOUND VS PERMANENT (MEMORY ALLOCATION)
31. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE REQUEST-BOUND MEMORY ALLOCATION ▸ Must only be performed when PHP is treating a request (not before, not after) ▸ Must use ZMM memory allocation API ▸ Most part of the extensions uses just request-bound memory management ▸ Are tracked by ZMM, you’ll be notified about leaking ▸ Respects the user land INI "memory_limit"
32. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PERMANENT MEMORY ALLOCATION ▸ Should not be performed while PHP is treating a request (not forbidden, but a bad idea) ▸ Uses standard libc memory allocation API (not ZMM) ▸ Should be pretty rare in an extension
33. THE INTERNALS LOOKING TO THE GEARS…
34. HOW MANY DATA TYPES DOES PHP HAVE ?
35. JUST ONE.
36. ZVAL typedef struct _zval_struct { zvalue_value value; union { struct { ZEND_ENDIAN_LOHI_4( zend_uchar type, zend_uchar type_flags, zend_uchar cosnt_flags, zend_uchar reserved) } v; uint32_t type_info; } u1; union {…} u2; } zval;
37. ZVALUE_VALUE typedef union _zvalue_value { zend_long lval; double dval; zend_refcounted *counted; zend_string *str; zend_array *arr; zend_resource *res; zend_object *obj; zend_class_entry *ce; zend_function *func; } zvalue_value;
38. VALUE TYPES Type Storage IS_NULL none IS_TRUE or IS_FALSE none IS_LONG zend_long lval IS_DOUBLE double dval IS_STRING zend_string *str IS_ARRAY zend_array *arr IS_OBJECT zend_object *obj IS_RESOURCE zend_resource *res
39. HANDLING VALUES zval *zv_ptr = /* ... */; if (Z_TYPE_P(zv_ptr) == IS_LONG) { php_printf("%ld\n”, Z_LVAL_P(zv_ptr)); } else /* ... */
40. HASH TABLES
41. HASH TABLE STRUCTURE typedef struct _hashtable { uint32_t nTableSize; uint32_t nTableMask; uint32_t nNumOfElements; zend_long nNextFreeElement; ... } HashTable
42. ZEND_ARRAY
43. OBJECTS
44. A SIMPLE CLASS zend_class_entry *ce_Example; zend_function_entry php_example_methods[] = { PHP_FE_END }; PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(example) { zend_class_entry ce_example_local; INIT_CLASS_ENTRY(ce_example_local, “Example”, php_example_methods); ce_Example = zend_register_internal_class(&ce_example_local TSRMLS_CC); return SUCCESS; }
45. ZEND_OBJECT struct _zend_object { zend_refcounted_h gc; zend_class_entry *ce; const zend_object_handlers *handlers; HashTable *properties; zval properties_table[1]; } zend_object;
46. RESOURCES
47. ZEND_RESOURCE struct _zend_resource { zend_refcounted_h gc; int type; void *ptr; } zend_resource;
48. DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
49. REQUIREMENTS
50. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ▸ gcc ▸ libc-dev ▸ make ▸ autoconf ▸ automake ▸ libtool ▸ bison (generates the parser) ▸ re2c (generates the lexer)
51. BUILDING THE PHP
52. DO NOT USE PREBUILT PACKAGES!
53. BUILD FROM SOURCE CODE.
54. EXTENSION DEVELOPMENT
55. EXTENSION SKELETON
56. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE EXTENSION SKELETON ▸ config.m4 ▸ config.w32 ▸ hello.c ▸ php_hello.c ▸ tests/*
57. BUILD SYSTEM
58. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE CONFIG.M4
59. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE CONFIG.W32
60. REGISTERING THE EXTENSION
61. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE REGISTERING THE EXTENSION
62. EXTENSION HOOKS
63. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE MODULE INITIALIZATION
64. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE MODULE SHUTDOWN
65. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE REQUEST INITIALIZATION
66. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE REQUEST SHUTDOWN
67. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE MODULE INFORMATION
68. EXTENSION FUNCTIONS
69. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE A SIMPLE FUNCTION
70. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE HANDLING ARGUMENTS
71. INSTALLING
72. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PREPARING THE EXTENSION
73. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE CONFIGURING THE BUILD
74. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE INSTALLING
75. THANK YOU! Lucas Mendes
 Software Architect at Tienda Nube
 about.me/devsdmf We're hiring, join the crew! 
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