PHP: Extending The Core - Why You Should Learn It

Have you ever thought about to be a contributor of the PHP core? Have you ever want to build a driver to access a hardware or even adding a new feature in the language? In this talk you will not only learn how to build your own PHP extension, but also change your way of programming, dissecting the language internals.

Presented at PHP Conference Brazil 2017.

Transcript

1. Lucas Mendes | Software Architect | @devsdmf PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE WHY YOU SHOULD LEARN IT
2. $ whoami
3. PHP AT THE CORE UNDER THE HOOD…
4. OVERVIEW
5. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE OVERVIEW ▸ Written in C Ansi ▸ Interpreted, imperative, procedural, object-oriented ▸ Dynamic typed ▸ Made for the web, used anywhere ▸ Extensible ▸ Powerful
6. ARCHITECTURE
7. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE
8. ZEND ENGINE
9. EXTENSIONS
11. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE EXTENSIONS ▸ Adds functionality ▸ Replaces functionality ▸ Change behavior ▸ Performance optimization ▸ Security improvement ▸ Link against an external library ▸ and many more…
12. CORE 
 EXTENSIONS
13. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PHP CORE EXTENSIONS ▸ ext/standard ▸ ext/date ▸ ext/ereg ▸ ext/pcre ▸ ext/reflection ▸ ext/spl
14. INTERNAL 
 EXTENSIONS
15. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PHP INTERNAL EXTENSIONS bcmath curl date gd ftp shmop iconv dom hash mysqli json intl pcntl mbstring soap xsl zlib Everything in ext/ folder
16. EXTERNAL 
 EXTENSIONS
17. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PECL: PHP EXTENSION COMMUNITY LIBRARY ▸ Too many extensions for various interesting (and odd things) ▸ Installed with PECL tool ▸ Successor of the Siberia ▸ pecl.php.net
18. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE EXTENSIONS - EXTERNAL EXTENSIONS tk mongo imagick mcrypt binpack radius jsonc handlebars inotify solr apc libevent ev opengl tidy gender archive too many others…
19. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE EXTENSIONS OVERVIEW
20. STATIC VS SHARED
 (EXTENSIONS)
21. PHP EXTENSIONS
 VS ZEND EXTENSIONS
22. EXTENSIONS 
 LIFETIME
23. EXTENSIONS LIFETIME
24. PHP REQUEST LIFECYCLES
25. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PHP REQUEST LIFECYCLE - BASICS
26. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PHP REQUEST LIFECYCLES - PROCESS-BASED MODEL
27. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PHP REQUEST LIFECYCLES - THREAD-BASED MODEL
28. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PHP REQUEST LIFECYCLES - EXECUTION
29. MEMORY MANAGEMENT
30. ZMM
 (ZEND MEMORY MANAGER)
31. REQUEST-BOUND VS PERMANENT (MEMORY ALLOCATION)
32. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE REQUEST-BOUND MEMORY ALLOCATION ▸ Must only be performed when PHP is treating a request (not before, not after) ▸ Must use ZMM memory allocation API ▸ Most part of the extensions uses just request-bound memory management ▸ Are tracked by ZMM, you’ll be notified about leaking ▸ Respects the user land INI "memory_limit"
33. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PERMANENT MEMORY ALLOCATION ▸ Should not be performed while PHP is treating a request (not forbidden, but a bad idea) ▸ Uses standard libc memory allocation API (not ZMM) ▸ Should be pretty rare in an extension
34. THE INTERNALS LOOKING TO THE GEARS…
35. HOW MANY DATA TYPES DOES PHP HAVE ?
36. JUST ONE.
37. ZVAL typedef struct _zval_struct { zvalue_value value; union { struct { ZEND_ENDIAN_LOHI_4( zend_uchar type, zend_uchar type_flags, zend_uchar cosnt_flags, zend_uchar reserved) } v; uint32_t type_info; } u1; union {…} u2; } zval;
38. ZVALUE_VALUE typedef union _zvalue_value { zend_long lval; double dval; zend_refcounted *counted; zend_string *str; zend_array *arr; zend_resource *res; zend_object *obj; zend_class_entry *ce; zend_function *func; } zvalue_value;
39. VALUE TYPES Type Storage IS_NULL none IS_TRUE or IS_FALSE none IS_LONG zend_long lval IS_DOUBLE double dval IS_STRING zend_string *str IS_ARRAY zend_array *arr IS_OBJECT zend_object *obj IS_RESOURCE zend_resource *res
40. HANDLING VALUES zval *zv_ptr = /* ... */; if (Z_TYPE_P(zv_ptr) == IS_LONG) { php_printf("%ld\n”, Z_LVAL_P(zv_ptr)); } else /* ... */
41. HASH TABLES
42. HASH TABLE STRUCTURE typedef struct _hashtable { uint32_t nTableSize; uint32_t nTableMask; uint32_t nNumOfElements; zend_long nNextFreeElement; ... } HashTable
43. ZEND_ARRAY
44. OBJECTS
45. A SIMPLE CLASS zend_class_entry *ce_Example; zend_function_entry php_example_methods[] = { PHP_FE_END }; PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(example) { zend_class_entry ce_example_local; INIT_CLASS_ENTRY(ce_example_local, “Example”, php_example_methods); ce_Example = zend_register_internal_class(&ce_example_local TSRMLS_CC); return SUCCESS; }
46. ZEND_OBJECT struct _zend_object { zend_refcounted_h gc; zend_class_entry *ce; const zend_object_handlers *handlers; HashTable *properties; zval properties_table[1]; } zend_object;
47. RESOURCES
48. ZEND_RESOURCE struct _zend_resource { zend_refcounted_h gc; int type; void *ptr; } zend_resource;
49. DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
50. REQUIREMENTS
51. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ▸ gcc ▸ libc-dev ▸ make ▸ autoconf ▸ automake ▸ libtool ▸ bison (generates the parser) ▸ re2c (generates the lexer)
52. BUILDING THE PHP
53. DO NOT USE PREBUILT PACKAGES!
54. BUILD FROM SOURCE CODE.
55. EXTENSION DEVELOPMENT
56. EXTENSION SKELETON
57. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE EXTENSION SKELETON ▸ config.m4 ▸ config.w32 ▸ hello.c ▸ php_hello.c ▸ tests/*
58. BUILD SYSTEM
59. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE CONFIG.M4
60. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE CONFIG.W32
61. REGISTERING THE EXTENSION
62. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE REGISTERING THE EXTENSION
63. EXTENSION HOOKS
64. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE MODULE INITIALIZATION
65. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE MODULE SHUTDOWN
66. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE REQUEST INITIALIZATION
67. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE REQUEST SHUTDOWN
68. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE MODULE INFORMATION
69. EXTENSION FUNCTIONS
70. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE A SIMPLE FUNCTION
71. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE HANDLING ARGUMENTS
72. INSTALLING
73. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE PREPARING THE EXTENSION
74. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE CONFIGURING THE BUILD
75. PHP: EXTENDING THE CORE INSTALLING
76. QUESTIONS ?
77. THANK YOU! Lucas Mendes
 Software Architect at Tienda Nube
 about.me/devsdmf We're hiring, join the crew! 
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