[SydPHP] HTTP2 and Asynchronous APIs

HTTP/2 (H2) is coming, and along with it a whole new way of communicating over the web. Connection re-use, prioritization, multiplexing, and server push are just some of the features in H2.

In this talk we'll look at the HTTP/2 protocol, and at how we can use asynchronous request now with HTTP/1.x. We will also look at what asychronous requests and H2 mean for your API and clients in the future.

Transcript

1. H T T P/ 2 A N D A SY N C H R O N O U S A P I S
2. D AV E Y S H A F I K • Author of Zend PHP 5 Certification Study Guide, Sitepoints PHP Anthology: 101 Essential Tips, Tricks & Hacks & PHP Master: Write Cutting Edge Code • A contributor to Zend Framework 1 & 2, phpdoc, & PHP internals • Original creator of PHAR/ PHP_Archive • @dshafik
3. h tt p : / /d e v e l o p e r. a k a m a i .co m
4. Let’s start a conversation about mental health in tech mhprompt.org/support
5. H T T P/ 2 A KA : H 2
6. N OT: H T T P/ 2 . 0 O R H T T P 2 . 0
7. W H AT I S H T T P/ 2 ? CC-BY:
8. R F C 7 5 4 0 H Y P E RT E XT T R A N S F E R P R OTO CO L V E RS I O N 2
9. R F C 7 5 4 1 H PA C K - H E A D E R CO M P R E SS I O N FO R H T T P/ 2
10. –J O H N N Y A P P L E S E E D CC-BY: 1991 1996 1999 HTTP/0.9 HTTP/1.0 HTTP/1.1 2015 HTTP/2 2009 SPDY
11. B I N A R Y I N ST E A D O F T E XT CC-BY:
12. F U L LY M U LT I P L E X E D CC-BY: I N S T E A D O F O R D E R E D A N D B L O C K I N G
13. C A N US E O N E CO N N E CT I O N 
 FO R PA R A L L E L R E Q U E STS CC-BY: Alosh Bennett
14. U S E S H E A D E R CO M P R E SS I O N CC-BY-SA: R E D U C E S O V E R H E A D
15. S E R V E R P U S H I S S U P E R CO O L ( N O R E A L LY ) CC-BY-SA:
16. S E R V E R P U S H • Allows the server to proactively push assets like stylesheets and images to the client without them needing to parse the HTML page and make subsequent requests • Done by pushing the assets into the client cache, avoiding the roundtrip necessary to pull them up once the client makes the request
17. W H AT D O E S H T T P/ 2 M E A N F O R M Y A P P L I C AT I O N ?
18. T R A N S PA R E N T CC-BY-SA: H A N D L E D B Y N G I N X / A PA C H E
19. S O W H AT ’ S T H E P O I N T ?
20. R E M E M B E R T H I S ? CC-BY: C A N US E O N E CO N N E CT I O N 
 FO R PA R A L L E L R E Q U E STS
21. U P LO A D I N G M U LT I P L E I M A G E S CC-BY:
22. S E R I A L U P LO A D S ! "  $ $ $ $ $ $
23. CO N CU R R E N T ! "  $ $ $ $ $ $
24. M U LT I P L E X E D ! "  $ $ $ $ $ $
25. F E TC H I N G A B LO G P O ST + CO M M E N TS CC-BY:
26. ! "
27. ! " GET /post/1
28. ! " GET /post/1 200 OK application/json
29. { "type": "post", "id": "1", "title": "JSON API paints my bikeshed!", "tags": ["json", "api", “relationships"], "author": "http://example.com/posts/1/author", "comments": "http://example.com/posts/1/comments" }
30. ! " GET /posts/1/comments 200 OK application/json
31. [ "http://example.org/post/1/comment/1", "http://example.org/post/1/comment/2", "http://example.org/post/1/comment/3", "http://example.org/post/1/comment/4" ]
32. ! "
33. ! " GET /post/example/comments/1
34. ! " GET /post/example/comments/ 200 OK application/json 1
35. 2 ! " GET /post/example/comments/ 200 OK application/json 1
36. 2 3 ! " GET /post/example/comments/ 200 OK application/json 1
37. 2 3 4 ! " GET /post/example/comments/ 200 OK application/json 1
38. { "type": "comment", "id": "1", "title": "FIRST!", "author": "http://example.com/post/1/comment/1/author" }
39. 6 requests (possibly connections)
40. 14 requests (possibly connections)
41. M U LT I P L E X E D ! " GET /post/example/comments/1 GET /post/example/comments/2 GET /post/example/comments/3 GET /post/example/comments/4
42. CSS /J S M I N I F I C AT I O N I S U N E C E SS A R Y CC-BY:
43. CO D E
44. $numRequests = 378;
45. H T T P/ 1 . 1 : SY N C H R O N O US $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-%d.png'; for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) { $ch = curl_init(); $conf[CURLOPT_URL] = sprintf($url, $i); curl_exec($ch); curl_close($ch); }
46. 4 7 . 6 7 
 s e co n d s CC-BY:
47. H T T P/ 2 : SY N C H R O N O US $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-%d.png'; for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) { $ch = curl_init(); $conf[CURLOPT_URL] = sprintf($url, $i); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION, HTTP_VERSION_2_0); curl_exec($ch); curl_close($ch); }
48. 6 2 . 1 9 
 s e co n d s CC-BY-NC:
49. H T T P/ 1 . 1 : CO N CU R R E N T $mh = curl_multi_init();
 $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-%d.png';
 for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) { $handles[] = $ch = curl_init(); $conf[CURLOPT_URL] = sprintf($url, ‘%d'); curl_multi_add_handle($mh, $ch); }
50. H T T P/ 1 . 1 : CO N CU R R E N T ( CO N T. ) do { $execReturnValue = curl_multi_exec($mh, $runningHandles); } while ($execReturnValue == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM); while ($runningHandles && $execReturnValue == CURLM_OK) { $numberReady = curl_multi_select($mh); if ($numberReady != -1) { do { $execReturnValue = curl_multi_exec($mh, $runningHandles);
 } while ($execReturnValue == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM); } }
51. 8 . 6 6 
 s e co n d s
52. H T T P/ 1 . 1 : CO N CU R R E N T $mh = curl_multi_init();
 curl_multi_setopt(
 $mh,
 CURLMOPT_PIPELINING, CURLPIPE_MULTIPLEX ); $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-%d.png';
 for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) { $handles[] = $ch = curl_init(); $conf[CURLOPT_URL] = sprintf($url, '%d'); curl_multi_add_handle($mh, $ch); }
53. H T T P/ 2 : CO N CU R R E N T ( CO N T. ) do { $execReturnValue = curl_multi_exec($mh, $runningHandles); } while ($execReturnValue == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM); while ($runningHandles && $execReturnValue == CURLM_OK) { $numberReady = curl_multi_select($mh); if ($numberReady != -1) { do { $execReturnValue = curl_multi_exec($mh, $runningHandles);
 } while ($execReturnValue == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM); } }
54. 2 . 1 4 
 s e co n d s CC-BY:
55. S E R V E R P U S H CC-BY:
56. ! "
57. ! " GET /post/1
58. ! " GET /post/1 200 OK application/json
59. GET /post/1/comments ! " GET /post/1 200 OK application/json
60. GET /post/1/comments GET /post/1/comment/1 ! " GET /post/1 200 OK application/json
61. ! " GET /post/1/comments GET /post/1/comment/1
62. ! " GET /post/1/comment/2 GET /post/1/comment/3 GET /post/1/comment/4 GET /post/1/comments GET /post/1/comment/1
63. ! " GET /post/1/comment/2 GET /post/1/comment/3 GET /post/1/comment/4 GET /post/1/comment/1/author GET /post/1/comment/2/author GET /post/1/comment/3/author GET /post/1/comment/4/author GET /post/1/comments GET /post/1/comment/1
64. ! " GET /post/1/comment/2 GET /post/1/comment/3 GET /post/1/comment/4 GET /post/1/comment/1/author GET /post/1/comment/2/author GET /post/1/comment/3/author GET /post/1/comment/4/author GET /post/1/comment/1/author/avatar.png GET /post/1/comment/2/author/avatar.png GET /post/1/comment/3/author/avatar.png GET /post/1/comment/4/author/avatar.png GET /post/1/comments GET /post/1/comment/1
65. G U ZZ L E S U P P O RT
66. G U ZZ L E S U P P O RT • Some support • Doesn’t handle lack of http2 support in libcurl • Doesn’t handle multiplexing • Untested (but should be OK, as libcurl itself is tested) • Details: http://daveyshafik.com/guzzle-http2
67. CO D E CC-BY:
68. H T T P/ 2 : SY N C H R O N O US use GuzzleHttp\Client; 
 $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile- %d.png';
 $client = new Client(['version' => 2]); for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) { $client->get(sprintf($url, $i)); }
69. H T T P/ 2 : M U LT I P L E X E D ( P O SS I B L E A P I ) use GuzzleHttp\Client; 
 $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-%d.png';
 $client = new Client(['version' => 2]); for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) { $promises[] = $client->getAsync(
 sprintf($url, $i)
 ); } $results = Promise\unwrap($promises);
70. H T T P/ 2 : M U LT I P L E X E D F I L E U P LO A D $stack = \GuzzleHttp\HandlerStack::create(); 
 $handler = new \Akamai\NetStorage\Handler \Authentication();
 $handler->setSigner((new \Akamai\NetStorage \Authentication())->setKey($key, $keyName)); $client = new Akamai\Edgegrid\Open\Client([ 'handler' => $stack, 
 'version' => 2 ]);
71. H T T P/ 2 : M U LT I P L E X E D F I L E U P LO A D ( CO N T. ) $url = "http://example.akamaihd.net/cpCode/%s";
 foreach ($_FILES as $file) { $fileName = Ramsey\Uuid\Uuid::uuid4(); $promises = $client->putAsync(
 sprintf($url, $filename), 
 [ 'body' => fopen($file['tmp_name'], 'r+') ] ); }
 $results = Promise\unwrap($promises);
72. I N S U M M A R Y
73. H T T P / 2 I S A W E S O M E ! CC-BY-SA:
74. F E E D B A C K & Q U E S T I O N S Twitter: Email: Slides: @dshafik me@daveyshafik.com http://daveyshafik.com/slides