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[SydPHP] HTTP2 and Asynchronous APIs

Davey Shafik
September 08, 2015

[SydPHP] HTTP2 and Asynchronous APIs

HTTP/2 (H2) is coming, and along with it a whole new way of communicating over the web. Connection re-use, prioritization, multiplexing, and server push are just some of the features in H2.

In this talk we'll look at the HTTP/2 protocol, and at how we can use asynchronous request now with HTTP/1.x. We will also look at what asychronous requests and H2 mean for your API and clients in the future.

Davey Shafik

September 08, 2015
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  1. H T T P/ 2 A N D A SY N C H R O N O U S A P I S

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  2. D AV E Y S H A F I K
    • Author of Zend PHP 5 Certification
    Study Guide, Sitepoints PHP
    Anthology: 101 Essential Tips, Tricks &
    Hacks & PHP Master: Write Cutting
    Edge Code
    • A contributor to Zend Framework 1 &
    2, phpdoc, & PHP internals
    • Original creator of PHAR/
    PHP_Archive
    • @dshafik

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  3. h tt p : / /d e v e l o p e r. a k a m a i .co m

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  4. Let’s start a conversation about
    mental health in tech
    mhprompt.org/support

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  5. H T T P/ 2
    A KA : H 2

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  6. N OT: H T T P/ 2 . 0 O R H T T P 2 . 0

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  7. W H AT I S H T T P/ 2 ?
    CC-BY:

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  8. R F C 7 5 4 0
    H Y P E RT E XT T R A N S F E R P R OTO CO L V E RS I O N 2

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  9. R F C 7 5 4 1
    H PA C K - H E A D E R CO M P R E SS I O N FO R H T T P/ 2

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  10. –J O H N N Y A P P L E S E E D
    CC-BY:
    1991 1996 1999
    HTTP/0.9
    HTTP/1.0
    HTTP/1.1
    2015
    HTTP/2
    2009
    SPDY

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  11. B I N A R Y I N ST E A D O F T E XT
    CC-BY:

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  12. F U L LY M U LT I P L E X E D
    CC-BY:
    I N S T E A D O F O R D E R E D A N D B L O C K I N G

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  13. C A N US E O N E CO N N E CT I O N 

    FO R PA R A L L E L R E Q U E STS
    CC-BY: Alosh Bennett

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  14. U S E S H E A D E R CO M P R E SS I O N
    CC-BY-SA:
    R E D U C E S O V E R H E A D

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  15. S E R V E R P U S H
    I S S U P E R CO O L ( N O R E A L LY )
    CC-BY-SA:

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  16. S E R V E R P U S H
    • Allows the server to proactively push assets like stylesheets and
    images to the client without them needing to parse the HTML page
    and make subsequent requests
    • Done by pushing the assets into the client cache, avoiding the
    roundtrip necessary to pull them up once the client makes the
    request

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  17. W H AT D O E S H T T P/ 2 M E A N F O R M Y
    A P P L I C AT I O N ?

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  18. T R A N S PA R E N T
    CC-BY-SA:
    H A N D L E D B Y N G I N X / A PA C H E

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  19. S O W H AT ’ S T H E P O I N T ?

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  20. R E M E M B E R T H I S ?
    CC-BY:
    C A N US E O N E CO N N E CT I O N 

    FO R PA R A L L E L R E Q U E STS

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  21. U P LO A D I N G M U LT I P L E I M A G E S
    CC-BY:

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  22. S E R I A L U P LO A D S
    ! " 
    $
    $
    $
    $
    $
    $

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  23. CO N CU R R E N T
    ! " 
    $
    $
    $
    $
    $
    $

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  24. M U LT I P L E X E D
    ! " 
    $
    $
    $
    $
    $
    $

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  25. F E TC H I N G A B LO G P O ST + CO M M E N TS
    CC-BY:

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  26. ! "

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  27. ! "
    GET /post/1

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  28. ! "
    GET /post/1
    200 OK application/json

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  29. {
    "type": "post",
    "id": "1",
    "title": "JSON API paints my bikeshed!",
    "tags": ["json", "api", “relationships"],
    "author": "http://example.com/posts/1/author",
    "comments": "http://example.com/posts/1/comments"
    }

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  30. ! "
    GET /posts/1/comments
    200 OK application/json

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  31. [
    "http://example.org/post/1/comment/1",
    "http://example.org/post/1/comment/2",
    "http://example.org/post/1/comment/3",
    "http://example.org/post/1/comment/4"
    ]

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  32. ! "

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  33. ! "
    GET /post/example/comments/1

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  34. ! "
    GET /post/example/comments/
    200 OK application/json
    1

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  35. 2
    ! "
    GET /post/example/comments/
    200 OK application/json
    1

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  36. 2
    3
    ! "
    GET /post/example/comments/
    200 OK application/json
    1

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  37. 2
    3
    4
    ! "
    GET /post/example/comments/
    200 OK application/json
    1

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  38. {
    "type": "comment",
    "id": "1",
    "title": "FIRST!",
    "author": "http://example.com/post/1/comment/1/author"
    }

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  39. 6
    requests
    (possibly connections)

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  40. 14
    requests
    (possibly connections)

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  41. M U LT I P L E X E D
    ! "
    GET /post/example/comments/1
    GET /post/example/comments/2
    GET /post/example/comments/3
    GET /post/example/comments/4

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  42. CSS /J S M I N I F I C AT I O N I S U N E C E SS A R Y
    CC-BY:

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  43. CO D E

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  44. $numRequests = 378;

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  45. H T T P/ 1 . 1 : SY N C H R O N O US
    $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-%d.png';
    for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) {
    $ch = curl_init();
    $conf[CURLOPT_URL] = sprintf($url, $i);
    curl_exec($ch);
    curl_close($ch);
    }

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  46. 4 7 . 6 7 

    s e co n d s
    CC-BY:

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  47. H T T P/ 2 : SY N C H R O N O US
    $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-%d.png';
    for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) {
    $ch = curl_init();
    $conf[CURLOPT_URL] = sprintf($url, $i);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION, HTTP_VERSION_2_0);
    curl_exec($ch);
    curl_close($ch);
    }

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  48. 6 2 . 1 9 

    s e co n d s
    CC-BY-NC:

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  49. H T T P/ 1 . 1 : CO N CU R R E N T
    $mh = curl_multi_init();

    $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-%d.png';

    for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) {
    $handles[] = $ch = curl_init();
    $conf[CURLOPT_URL] = sprintf($url, ‘%d');
    curl_multi_add_handle($mh, $ch);
    }

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  50. H T T P/ 1 . 1 : CO N CU R R E N T ( CO N T. )
    do {
    $execReturnValue = curl_multi_exec($mh, $runningHandles);
    } while ($execReturnValue == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);
    while ($runningHandles && $execReturnValue == CURLM_OK) {
    $numberReady = curl_multi_select($mh);
    if ($numberReady != -1) {
    do {
    $execReturnValue = curl_multi_exec($mh, $runningHandles);

    } while ($execReturnValue == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);
    }
    }

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  51. 8 . 6 6 

    s e co n d s

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  52. H T T P/ 1 . 1 : CO N CU R R E N T
    $mh = curl_multi_init();

    curl_multi_setopt(

    $mh,

    CURLMOPT_PIPELINING,
    CURLPIPE_MULTIPLEX
    );
    $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-%d.png';

    for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) {
    $handles[] = $ch = curl_init();
    $conf[CURLOPT_URL] = sprintf($url, '%d');
    curl_multi_add_handle($mh, $ch);
    }

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  53. H T T P/ 2 : CO N CU R R E N T ( CO N T. )
    do {
    $execReturnValue = curl_multi_exec($mh, $runningHandles);
    } while ($execReturnValue == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);
    while ($runningHandles && $execReturnValue == CURLM_OK) {
    $numberReady = curl_multi_select($mh);
    if ($numberReady != -1) {
    do {
    $execReturnValue = curl_multi_exec($mh, $runningHandles);

    } while ($execReturnValue == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);
    }
    }

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  54. 2 . 1 4 

    s e co n d s
    CC-BY:

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  55. S E R V E R P U S H
    CC-BY:

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  56. ! "

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  57. ! "
    GET /post/1

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  58. ! "
    GET /post/1
    200 OK application/json

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  59. GET /post/1/comments
    ! "
    GET /post/1
    200 OK application/json

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  60. GET /post/1/comments
    GET /post/1/comment/1
    ! "
    GET /post/1
    200 OK application/json

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  61. ! "
    GET /post/1/comments
    GET /post/1/comment/1

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  62. ! "
    GET /post/1/comment/2
    GET /post/1/comment/3
    GET /post/1/comment/4
    GET /post/1/comments
    GET /post/1/comment/1

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  63. ! "
    GET /post/1/comment/2
    GET /post/1/comment/3
    GET /post/1/comment/4
    GET /post/1/comment/1/author
    GET /post/1/comment/2/author
    GET /post/1/comment/3/author
    GET /post/1/comment/4/author
    GET /post/1/comments
    GET /post/1/comment/1

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  64. ! "
    GET /post/1/comment/2
    GET /post/1/comment/3
    GET /post/1/comment/4
    GET /post/1/comment/1/author
    GET /post/1/comment/2/author
    GET /post/1/comment/3/author
    GET /post/1/comment/4/author
    GET /post/1/comment/1/author/avatar.png
    GET /post/1/comment/2/author/avatar.png
    GET /post/1/comment/3/author/avatar.png
    GET /post/1/comment/4/author/avatar.png
    GET /post/1/comments
    GET /post/1/comment/1

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  65. G U ZZ L E S U P P O RT

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  66. G U ZZ L E S U P P O RT
    • Some support
    • Doesn’t handle lack of http2 support in libcurl
    • Doesn’t handle multiplexing
    • Untested (but should be OK, as libcurl itself is tested)
    • Details: http://daveyshafik.com/guzzle-http2

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  67. CO D E
    CC-BY:

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  68. H T T P/ 2 : SY N C H R O N O US
    use GuzzleHttp\Client;

    $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-
    %d.png';

    $client = new Client(['version' => 2]);
    for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) {
    $client->get(sprintf($url, $i));
    }

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  69. H T T P/ 2 : M U LT I P L E X E D ( P O SS I B L E A P I )
    use GuzzleHttp\Client;

    $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-%d.png';

    $client = new Client(['version' => 2]);
    for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) {
    $promises[] = $client->getAsync(

    sprintf($url, $i)

    );
    }
    $results = Promise\unwrap($promises);

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  70. H T T P/ 2 : M U LT I P L E X E D F I L E U P LO A D
    $stack = \GuzzleHttp\HandlerStack::create();

    $handler = new \Akamai\NetStorage\Handler
    \Authentication();

    $handler->setSigner((new \Akamai\NetStorage
    \Authentication())->setKey($key, $keyName));
    $client = new Akamai\Edgegrid\Open\Client([
    'handler' => $stack, 

    'version' => 2
    ]);

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  71. H T T P/ 2 : M U LT I P L E X E D F I L E U P LO A D ( CO N T. )
    $url = "http://example.akamaihd.net/cpCode/%s";

    foreach ($_FILES as $file) {
    $fileName = Ramsey\Uuid\Uuid::uuid4();
    $promises = $client->putAsync(

    sprintf($url, $filename), 

    [
    'body' => fopen($file['tmp_name'], 'r+')
    ]
    );
    }

    $results = Promise\unwrap($promises);

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  72. I N S U M M A R Y

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  73. H T T P / 2 I S A W E S O M E !
    CC-BY-SA:

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  74. F E E D B A C K & Q U E S T I O N S
    Twitter:
    Email:
    Slides:
    @dshafik
    [email protected]
    http://daveyshafik.com/slides

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