[SydPHP] HTTP2 and Asynchronous APIs

HTTP/2 (H2) is coming, and along with it a whole new way of communicating over the web. Connection re-use, prioritization, multiplexing, and server push are just some of the features in H2.

In this talk we'll look at the HTTP/2 protocol, and at how we can use asynchronous request now with HTTP/1.x. We will also look at what asychronous requests and H2 mean for your API and clients in the future.

Transcript

1. H T T P/ 2 A N D A SY N C H R O N O U S A P I S
   

   View Slide

2. D AV E Y S H A F I K
   • Author of Zend PHP 5 Certification
   Study Guide, Sitepoints PHP
   Anthology: 101 Essential Tips, Tricks &
   Hacks & PHP Master: Write Cutting
   Edge Code
   • A contributor to Zend Framework 1 &
   2, phpdoc, & PHP internals
   • Original creator of PHAR/
   PHP_Archive
   • @dshafik
   

   View Slide

3. h tt p : / /d e v e l o p e r. a k a m a i .co m
   

   View Slide

4. Let’s start a conversation about
   mental health in tech
   mhprompt.org/support
   

   View Slide

5. H T T P/ 2
   A KA : H 2
   

   View Slide

6. N OT: H T T P/ 2 . 0 O R H T T P 2 . 0
   

   View Slide

7. W H AT I S H T T P/ 2 ?
   CC-BY:
   

   View Slide

8. R F C 7 5 4 0
   H Y P E RT E XT T R A N S F E R P R OTO CO L V E RS I O N 2
   

   View Slide

9. R F C 7 5 4 1
   H PA C K - H E A D E R CO M P R E SS I O N FO R H T T P/ 2
   

   View Slide

10. –J O H N N Y A P P L E S E E D
    CC-BY:
    1991 1996 1999
    HTTP/0.9
    HTTP/1.0
    HTTP/1.1
    2015
    HTTP/2
    2009
    SPDY
    

    View Slide

11. B I N A R Y I N ST E A D O F T E XT
    CC-BY:
    

    View Slide

12. F U L LY M U LT I P L E X E D
    CC-BY:
    I N S T E A D O F O R D E R E D A N D B L O C K I N G
    

    View Slide

13. C A N US E O N E CO N N E CT I O N 

    FO R PA R A L L E L R E Q U E STS
    CC-BY: Alosh Bennett
    

    View Slide

14. U S E S H E A D E R CO M P R E SS I O N
    CC-BY-SA:
    R E D U C E S O V E R H E A D
    

    View Slide

15. S E R V E R P U S H
    I S S U P E R CO O L ( N O R E A L LY )
    CC-BY-SA:
    

    View Slide

16. S E R V E R P U S H
    • Allows the server to proactively push assets like stylesheets and
    images to the client without them needing to parse the HTML page
    and make subsequent requests
    • Done by pushing the assets into the client cache, avoiding the
    roundtrip necessary to pull them up once the client makes the
    request
    

    View Slide

17. W H AT D O E S H T T P/ 2 M E A N F O R M Y
    A P P L I C AT I O N ?
    

    View Slide

18. T R A N S PA R E N T
    CC-BY-SA:
    H A N D L E D B Y N G I N X / A PA C H E
    

    View Slide

19. S O W H AT ’ S T H E P O I N T ?
    

    View Slide

20. R E M E M B E R T H I S ?
    CC-BY:
    C A N US E O N E CO N N E CT I O N 

    FO R PA R A L L E L R E Q U E STS
    

    View Slide

21. U P LO A D I N G M U LT I P L E I M A G E S
    CC-BY:
    

    View Slide

22. S E R I A L U P LO A D S
    ! " 
    $
    $
    $
    $
    $
    $
    

    View Slide

23. CO N CU R R E N T
    ! " 
    $
    $
    $
    $
    $
    $
    

    View Slide

24. M U LT I P L E X E D
    ! " 
    $
    $
    $
    $
    $
    $
    

    View Slide

25. F E TC H I N G A B LO G P O ST + CO M M E N TS
    CC-BY:
    

    View Slide

26. ! "
    

    View Slide

27. ! "
    GET /post/1
    

    View Slide

28. ! "
    GET /post/1
    200 OK application/json
    

    View Slide

29. {
    "type": "post",
    "id": "1",
    "title": "JSON API paints my bikeshed!",
    "tags": ["json", "api", “relationships"],
    "author": "http://example.com/posts/1/author",
    "comments": "http://example.com/posts/1/comments"
    }
    

    View Slide

30. ! "
    GET /posts/1/comments
    200 OK application/json
    

    View Slide

31. [
    "http://example.org/post/1/comment/1",
    "http://example.org/post/1/comment/2",
    "http://example.org/post/1/comment/3",
    "http://example.org/post/1/comment/4"
    ]
    

    View Slide

32. ! "
    

    View Slide

33. ! "
    GET /post/example/comments/1
    

    View Slide

34. ! "
    GET /post/example/comments/
    200 OK application/json
    1
    

    View Slide

35. 2
    ! "
    GET /post/example/comments/
    200 OK application/json
    1
    

    View Slide

36. 2
    3
    ! "
    GET /post/example/comments/
    200 OK application/json
    1
    

    View Slide

37. 2
    3
    4
    ! "
    GET /post/example/comments/
    200 OK application/json
    1
    

    View Slide

38. {
    "type": "comment",
    "id": "1",
    "title": "FIRST!",
    "author": "http://example.com/post/1/comment/1/author"
    }
    

    View Slide

39. 6
    requests
    (possibly connections)
    

    View Slide

40. 14
    requests
    (possibly connections)
    

    View Slide

41. M U LT I P L E X E D
    ! "
    GET /post/example/comments/1
    GET /post/example/comments/2
    GET /post/example/comments/3
    GET /post/example/comments/4
    

    View Slide

42. CSS /J S M I N I F I C AT I O N I S U N E C E SS A R Y
    CC-BY:
    

    View Slide

43. CO D E
    

    View Slide

44. $numRequests = 378;
    

    View Slide

45. H T T P/ 1 . 1 : SY N C H R O N O US
    $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-%d.png';
    for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) {
    $ch = curl_init();
    $conf[CURLOPT_URL] = sprintf($url, $i);
    curl_exec($ch);
    curl_close($ch);
    }
    

    View Slide

46. 4 7 . 6 7 

    s e co n d s
    CC-BY:
    

    View Slide

47. H T T P/ 2 : SY N C H R O N O US
    $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-%d.png';
    for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) {
    $ch = curl_init();
    $conf[CURLOPT_URL] = sprintf($url, $i);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION, HTTP_VERSION_2_0);
    curl_exec($ch);
    curl_close($ch);
    }
    

    View Slide

48. 6 2 . 1 9 

    s e co n d s
    CC-BY-NC:
    

    View Slide

49. H T T P/ 1 . 1 : CO N CU R R E N T
    $mh = curl_multi_init();

    $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-%d.png';

    for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) {
    $handles[] = $ch = curl_init();
    $conf[CURLOPT_URL] = sprintf($url, ‘%d');
    curl_multi_add_handle($mh, $ch);
    }
    

    View Slide

50. H T T P/ 1 . 1 : CO N CU R R E N T ( CO N T. )
    do {
    $execReturnValue = curl_multi_exec($mh, $runningHandles);
    } while ($execReturnValue == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);
    while ($runningHandles && $execReturnValue == CURLM_OK) {
    $numberReady = curl_multi_select($mh);
    if ($numberReady != -1) {
    do {
    $execReturnValue = curl_multi_exec($mh, $runningHandles);

    } while ($execReturnValue == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);
    }
    }
    

    View Slide

51. 8 . 6 6 

    s e co n d s
    

    View Slide

52. H T T P/ 1 . 1 : CO N CU R R E N T
    $mh = curl_multi_init();

    curl_multi_setopt(

    $mh,

    CURLMOPT_PIPELINING,
    CURLPIPE_MULTIPLEX
    );
    $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-%d.png';

    for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) {
    $handles[] = $ch = curl_init();
    $conf[CURLOPT_URL] = sprintf($url, '%d');
    curl_multi_add_handle($mh, $ch);
    }
    

    View Slide

53. H T T P/ 2 : CO N CU R R E N T ( CO N T. )
    do {
    $execReturnValue = curl_multi_exec($mh, $runningHandles);
    } while ($execReturnValue == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);
    while ($runningHandles && $execReturnValue == CURLM_OK) {
    $numberReady = curl_multi_select($mh);
    if ($numberReady != -1) {
    do {
    $execReturnValue = curl_multi_exec($mh, $runningHandles);

    } while ($execReturnValue == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);
    }
    }
    

    View Slide

54. 2 . 1 4 

    s e co n d s
    CC-BY:
    

    View Slide

55. S E R V E R P U S H
    CC-BY:
    

    View Slide

56. ! "
    

    View Slide

57. ! "
    GET /post/1
    

    View Slide

58. ! "
    GET /post/1
    200 OK application/json
    

    View Slide

59. GET /post/1/comments
    ! "
    GET /post/1
    200 OK application/json
    

    View Slide

60. GET /post/1/comments
    GET /post/1/comment/1
    ! "
    GET /post/1
    200 OK application/json
    

    View Slide

61. ! "
    GET /post/1/comments
    GET /post/1/comment/1
    

    View Slide

62. ! "
    GET /post/1/comment/2
    GET /post/1/comment/3
    GET /post/1/comment/4
    GET /post/1/comments
    GET /post/1/comment/1
    

    View Slide

63. ! "
    GET /post/1/comment/2
    GET /post/1/comment/3
    GET /post/1/comment/4
    GET /post/1/comment/1/author
    GET /post/1/comment/2/author
    GET /post/1/comment/3/author
    GET /post/1/comment/4/author
    GET /post/1/comments
    GET /post/1/comment/1
    

    View Slide

64. ! "
    GET /post/1/comment/2
    GET /post/1/comment/3
    GET /post/1/comment/4
    GET /post/1/comment/1/author
    GET /post/1/comment/2/author
    GET /post/1/comment/3/author
    GET /post/1/comment/4/author
    GET /post/1/comment/1/author/avatar.png
    GET /post/1/comment/2/author/avatar.png
    GET /post/1/comment/3/author/avatar.png
    GET /post/1/comment/4/author/avatar.png
    GET /post/1/comments
    GET /post/1/comment/1
    

    View Slide

65. G U ZZ L E S U P P O RT
    

    View Slide

66. G U ZZ L E S U P P O RT
    • Some support
    • Doesn’t handle lack of http2 support in libcurl
    • Doesn’t handle multiplexing
    • Untested (but should be OK, as libcurl itself is tested)
    • Details: http://daveyshafik.com/guzzle-http2
    

    View Slide

67. CO D E
    CC-BY:
    

    View Slide

68. H T T P/ 2 : SY N C H R O N O US
    use GuzzleHttp\Client;
    

    $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-
    %d.png';

    $client = new Client(['version' => 2]);
    for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) {
    $client->get(sprintf($url, $i));
    }
    

    View Slide

69. H T T P/ 2 : M U LT I P L E X E D ( P O SS I B L E A P I )
    use GuzzleHttp\Client;
    

    $url = 'https://http2.akamai.com/demo/tile-%d.png';

    $client = new Client(['version' => 2]);
    for ($i = 0; $i <= $numRequests; $i++) {
    $promises[] = $client->getAsync(

    sprintf($url, $i)

    );
    }
    $results = Promise\unwrap($promises);
    

    View Slide

70. H T T P/ 2 : M U LT I P L E X E D F I L E U P LO A D
    $stack = \GuzzleHttp\HandlerStack::create();
    

    $handler = new \Akamai\NetStorage\Handler
    \Authentication();

    $handler->setSigner((new \Akamai\NetStorage
    \Authentication())->setKey($key, $keyName));
    $client = new Akamai\Edgegrid\Open\Client([
    'handler' => $stack, 

    'version' => 2
    ]);
    

    View Slide

71. H T T P/ 2 : M U LT I P L E X E D F I L E U P LO A D ( CO N T. )
    $url = "http://example.akamaihd.net/cpCode/%s";

    foreach ($_FILES as $file) {
    $fileName = Ramsey\Uuid\Uuid::uuid4();
    $promises = $client->putAsync(

    sprintf($url, $filename), 

    [
    'body' => fopen($file['tmp_name'], 'r+')
    ]
    );
    }

    $results = Promise\unwrap($promises);
    

    View Slide

72. I N S U M M A R Y
    

    View Slide

73. H T T P / 2 I S A W E S O M E !
    CC-BY-SA:
    

    View Slide

74. F E E D B A C K & Q U E S T I O N S
    Twitter:
    Email:
    Slides:
    @dshafik
    me@daveyshafik.com
    http://daveyshafik.com/slides
    

    View Slide