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Accessibility tips & tricks for CSS developers
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Marco Solazzi
March 25, 2016
Programming
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Accessibility tips & tricks for CSS developers
Marco Solazzi
March 25, 2016
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Transcript
Accessibility tips & tricks for CSS developers Marco Solazzi -
@dwightjack CSS Day 2016 - cssday.it
About me - Senior Front-end @ AQuest - Co-founder Frontenders
Verona
HTML semantics Progressive enhancement Mobile first Responsive UX
“ … enabling as many people as possible to use
Web sites, even when those people's abilities are limited in some way. ” Accessibility https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility
“ … enabling as many people as possible to use
Web sites, even when those people's abilities are limited in some way. ” Accessibility - https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility
If you follow best practices you’re already providing some accessibility
- vision impairments - limited fine motor control - cognitive
disabilities - hearing impairments - older people (ourselves tomorrow) For whom?
Because we have to. Goverments are enforcing accessibility by legislation.
Why? - US: List of Web Accessibility-Related Litigation and Settlements (http://bit.ly/1n1JkQl) - IT: Legge Stanca (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legge_Stanca)
Because we should. Why?
“I’m going to do the website that way. If people
can’t use it they can go f**k themselves!” Everyday rant... - random world class designer / developer
“I’m going to put stairs here. If people can’t climb
them they can go f**k themselves!” What if... - random world class architect
Websites are like shops, restaurants and theatres: if you leave
me out you don’t deserve my money.
- unreadable beauty - table syndrome - outline dilemma -
out of sight... How?
Unreadable beauty
- blindness - low vision - color blindness Unreadable beauty
Unreadable beauty award-winning flash site, mid 2000
Unreadable beauty award-winning flash site, mid 2000
Unreadable beauty award-winning HTML site, mid 2010
Unreadable beauty award-winning HTML site, mid 2010
1. set html font-size to 100% 2. use rem fonts
and em media queries 3. high-contrast optional theme Unreadable beauty
1. set html font-size to 100% 2. use rem fonts
and em media queries 3. high-contrast optional theme Bonus: Use currentColor for flexible theming Unreadable beauty
Unreadable beauty
Unreadable beauty
Table syndrome
Every tag has its place in the world document.
Every tag has its place in the world document. …
even <ruby> - https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/ruby
<table>s are evil! Let’s use <div>s … and display: table
Table syndrome
<table>s are evil! Let’s use <div>s … and display: table
Problems: 1. not semantic 2. unannounced by screen-readers Table syndrome
<button>s are ugly! Let’s use <span>s and <a>s with JS
Table syndrome
<button>s are ugly! Let’s use <span>s and <a>s with JS
Problems: 1. missing focus 2. different/missing keyboard interactions Table syndrome
Table syndrome
Table syndrome
Outline dilemma
“ … provides visual feedback for links that have "focus"
when navigating a web document using the TAB key (or equivalent). ” Outline dilemma - http://www.outlinenone.com
“ … provides visual feedback for links that have "focus"
when navigating a web document using the TAB key (or equivalent). ” - http://www.outlinenone.com Outline dilemma
default outlines are ugly! - http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/reset200802.css Outline dilemma
default outlines are ugly! - http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/reset200802.css Outline dilemma
Outline dilemma
Outline dilemma
Outline dilemma
If you really can’t stand outline, remove it just for
mouse / touch interactions. Outline dilemma - https://github.com/lindsayevans/outline.js - https://www.paciellogroup.com/blog/2012/04/how-to-remove-css-outlines-in-an- accessible-manner/
Out of sight
How many ways to hide something? 1. opacity: 0 2.
visibility: hidden 3. display: none Out of sight
How many ways to hide something? 1. opacity: 0 2.
visibility: hidden 3. display: none ← accessibility friendly Out of sight
Options for element transitions: 1. display: none onComplete 2. tabindex=”-1”
for every link / button Out of sight
Don’t speak bonus:
Don’t speak
Don’t speak Warning: totally unreliable!
Don’t speak Always prefer SVGs (even for icons)
I want more! Resources - http://a11yproject.com/ - https://www.paciellogroup.com/ - http://webaim.org/
- http://a11yweekly.com/ People - https://twitter.com/LeonieWatson - https://twitter.com/stevefaulkner
Thanks