The Twelve-Factor App: Best Practices for Modern PHP Apps

THE TWELVE-FACTOR APP
Best Practices for Modern PHP Applications

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David Zuelke

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[email protected]

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@dzuelke

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“The Twelve-Factor App”

!
!
!

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“The Twelve-Factor App”

is

a manifesto,

a methodology,

a condensed collection of experiences.

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Its goals are

scalability,

maintainability,

portability.

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12factor.net

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4/12 MAIN FACTORS,

CODE ACCORDINGLY
I. Codebase 
From one codebase, perform many deploys to staging, prod, ...

II. Dependencies 
Your application explicitly declares userland and platform deps.

III. Conﬁguration 
Read from $_ENV: API keys, database credentials, SMTP hosts, ...

XI. Logging 
file_put_contents("php://stderr", "Yay log");

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II. DEPENDENCIES
Applications have explicitly declared dependencies.

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II. DEPENDENCIES
Applications have explicitly declared dependencies.
$ cat composer.json
{
"require": {
"php": ">=5.3.3",
"ext-‐mcrypt": "*",
"symfony/symfony": "~2.4.6",
"doctrine/orm": "~2.2,>=2.2.3",
"doctrine/doctrine-‐bundle": "~1.2",
"twig/extensions": "~1.0",
"symfony/monolog-‐bundle": "~2.4"
}
}

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III. CONFIGURATION
Store conﬁg in the environment.

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III. CONFIGURATION
Assumption:

same code but different conﬁguration per deployment target

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III. CONFIGURATION
$transport = Swift_SmtpTransport::newInstance( 
getenv('EMAIL_HOST'), getenv('EMAIL_PORT')?:25 
) 
-‐>setUsername(getenv('EMAIL_USERNAME')) 
-‐>setPassword(getenv('EMAIL_PASSWORD')) 
;
Assumption:

same code but different conﬁguration per deployment target

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TIME FOR A DEPLOY!
It's as easy as pie.

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$ heroku create
$ git push heroku master
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> PHP app detected
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Setting up runtime environment...
-‐ PHP 5.5.16
-‐ Apache 2.4.10
-‐ Nginx 1.6.0
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Installing PHP extensions:
-‐ opcache (automatic; bundled)
-‐ memcached (composer.json; downloaded)
-‐ intl (composer.json; bundled)
-‐ newrelic (add-‐on detected; downloaded)
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Installing dependencies...
Composer version 05d991 2014-‐10-‐28 12:36:19
Loading composer repositories with package information
Installing dependencies from lock file
-‐ Installing monolog/monolog (1.9.1)
Loading from cache

Generating optimized autoload files
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Discovering process types
Procfile declares types -‐> web
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Compressing... done, 57.4MB
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Launching... done, v3
http://your-‐php-‐app.herokuapp.com/ deployed to Heroku

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what happened there?

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V. BUILD, RELEASE, RUN
A build step vendors dependencies, prepares assets, etc.

A release step creates a package from build and conﬁg.

A runtime step executes, without special knowledge.

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XII. ADMIN PROCESSES
Management tasks like DB migrations are one-off processes.

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XII. ADMIN PROCESSES
Management tasks like DB migrations are one-off processes.
The same release,

the same conﬁg,

the same code!

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DEMO TIME!

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http://start.heroku.com/php

&

http://devcenter.heroku.com/categories/php

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X. DEV/PROD PARITY
Keep dev, stage and prod envs as similar as possible.

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X. DEV/PROD PARITY
SQLite ≠ MySQL

Apache ≠ Nginx

File based sessions ≠ Redis based sessions

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X. DEV/PROD PARITY
SQLite ≠ MySQL

Apache ≠ Nginx

File based sessions ≠ Redis based sessions
If apt-‐get or brew don't get the job done on your box:

Vagrant is always your friend!

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DEV/PROD PARITY

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heroku-‐python-‐app $ cat Procfile
web: gunicorn hello:app

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heroku-‐ruby-‐app $ cat Procfile
web: bundle exec unicorn -‐p $PORT -‐c ./config/unicorn.rb

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heroku-‐java-‐app $ cat Procfile
web: java -‐jar target/dependency/jetty-‐runner.jar -‐-‐port $PORT
target/*.war

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heroku-‐php-‐app $ cat Procfile
web: php -‐S 0.0.0.0:$PORT

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PHP needs a dedicated web server

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heroku-‐php-‐app $ cat Procfile
web: vendor/bin/heroku-‐php-‐nginx
heroku-‐php-‐app $ composer require -‐-‐dev heroku/heroku-‐
buildpack-‐php
./composer.json has been updated
Updating dependencies (including require-‐dev)
-‐ Installing heroku/heroku-‐buildpack-‐php (v43)
Loading from cache
!
Writing lock file
Generating autoload files
!
heroku-‐php-‐app $ foreman start
14:30:45 web.1 | started with pid 11175
14:30:46 web.1 | Booting on port 5000...
14:30:46 web.1 | Using PHP-‐FPM configuration include 'fpm.conf'
14:30:46 web.1 | Starting php-‐fpm...
14:30:46 web.1 | Starting nginx...
14:30:46 web.1 | [28-‐Oct-‐2014 14:30:46] NOTICE: [pool www]
'user' directive is ignored when FPM is not running as root
14:30:46 web.1 | [28-‐Oct-‐2014 14:30:46] NOTICE: [pool www]
'user' directive is ignored when FPM is not running as root

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(only needed if you want to run things locally,

with the same conﬁguration as on Heroku,

instead of your good old VirtualHost based solution)

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ONE MORE THING...

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heroku-‐php-‐app $ git rm Procfile
heroku-‐php-‐app $ hhvm `which composer` require hhvm ~3.2
./composer.json has been updated
Updating dependencies (including require-‐dev)
Nothing to install or update
Generating autoload files
heroku-‐php-‐app $ git add composer.*
heroku-‐php-‐app $ git ci -‐m 'use HHVM'
heroku-‐php-‐app $ git push heroku master
!
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> PHP app detected
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Detected request for HHVM 3.2.0 in composer.json.
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Setting up runtime environment...
-‐ HHVM 3.2.0
-‐ Apache 2.4.10
-‐ Nginx 1.6.0
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Building runtime environment...
NOTICE: No Procfile, defaulting to 'web: vendor/bin/
heroku-‐hhvm-‐apache2'
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Compressing... done, 77.4MB
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Launching... done, v3
http://your-‐hhvm-‐app.herokuapp.com/ deployed to Heroku

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YET ANOTHER THING...

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GET A FREE HEROKU T-SHIRT!

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The End

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THE TWELVE-FACTOR APP
Thanks for listening! Contact: @dzuelke & [email protected]

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The Twelve-Factor App: Best Practices for Modern PHP Apps

The Twelve-Factor App: Best Practices for Modern PHP Apps

David Zuelke

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