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Working effectively at scale
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Francisco Díaz
November 29, 2019
Programming
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Working effectively at scale
Presented at BA:Swiftable in November, 2019.
Francisco Díaz
November 29, 2019
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Transcript
Working e!ectively at scale
Francisco Díaz franciscodiaz.cl - @fco_diaz
Startups 2011 - 2017
Airbnb 2017 - today
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organizations ... are constrained to produce designs which are copies
of the communication structures of these organizations — Conway's law
How do you divide your codebase?
Architectural layer
User Flow
What about Airbnb?
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1 million lines of Swift
~80 commits to master on any given day to the
repo (Android + iOS)
Bigger buckets
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A user should be able to wishlist a listing from
the booking flow
How do they relate with each other?
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50 min local clean builds
~30 min !
Buck HTTP Cache https://github.com/airbnb/BuckSample
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~5 min !
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Dependency inversion
‣High-level modules should not depend on low- level modules. Both
should depend on abstractions. ‣Abstractions should not depend on details. Details (concrete implementations) should depend on abstractions.
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A user should be able to wishlist a listing from
the booking flow
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Easy! WishListDataSource + interface!
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WishListDataSource is still visible
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Socializing best practices
!
+60 iOS developers
Automating best practices
Groups Modules
Groups Modules Module Types
Module Types Feature + Interface Service + Interface
Feature A screen or a flow in the app
Service Manage shared state or resources
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How do we enforce these best practices?
/services /service_interfaces /features /feature_interfaces
def service_interface( name, deps): max_visibility = [ "//ios/feature_interfaces/...", "//ios/features/...", "//ios/service_interfaces/...",
"//ios/services/...", ]
service_interface( name = "Networking", deps = [ "//ios/service_interfaces/Logging", ], )
feature( name = "Booking", deps = [ "//ios/service_interfaces/Networking", "//ios/service_interfaces/WishListService", ],
)
iOS Platform
Module creation needs to be easy
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rake make:module
> Provide the type of module you want to create:
1: Non Platform 2: Feature 3: Feature Interface 4: Service 5: Service Interface 4 > New module name: Swiftable > Provide a high level description of this module: This is a module to present at Swiftable
Buck Human readable dependencies https://github.com/airbnb/BuckSample
feature( name = "Booking", deps = [ "//ios/service_interfaces/Networking", "//ios/service_interfaces/WishListService", "//ios/feature_interfaces/HelpCenter",
], )
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Feature A screen or a flow in the app
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Dev Apps
~1 min Dev Apps
Big buckets Small playgrounds
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How do we get there?
~100 modules One module type: /libraries
libraries/AirbnbBooking libraries/AirbnbBusinessTravel libraries/AirbnbHelpCenter libraries/AirbnbListings libraries/AirbnbNetworking libraries/AirbnbWishLists ...
Before iOS Platform /libraries
On the iOS Platform /services /service_interfaces /features /feature_interfaces
How to get everybody on the iOS Platform?
Remove libraries/ and start over
!
Progressively migrate
Let's migrate WishLists Data Source
libraries/WishLists
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What are the dependency rules for libraries/?
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Inbound dependencies Outbound dependencies
Inbound dependencies Outbound dependencies
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The interface module has stricter rules
Migrate all the call sites
As the owner of WishLists We don't control these
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Calculated tech debt
Inbound dependencies Outbound dependencies
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we know our usage of Networking
We control our dependencies
Allow inbound dependencies from libraries/ Don't allow outbound dependencies to
libraries/
libraries/ has access to the iOS Platform
The iOS Platform doesn't have access to libraries/
Code on the iOS Platform has good boundaries
while we allow for easier migration
def service_interface( name, visibility = []): max_visibility = [ "//ios/feature_interfaces/...",
"//ios/features/...", "//ios/service_interfaces/...", "//ios/services/...", ] add_visibility_for_legacy_module_structure(max_visibility)
def add_visibility_for_legacy_module_structure(visibility): visibility.extend([ "//ios/libraries/...", ])
We started migrating from the bottom up
Try it ourselves !rst
Pilot with others teams
Should I implement this?
Most likely NO
There's no silver bullet
Adapt
Summary 1. Figure out where you're struggling 2.Create and document
best practices 3.Automate best practices where needed
¡Gracias! franciscodiaz.cl/talks