With serverless, signals are typically pushed or handled by cloud provider telemetry. • If instrumentation direct to back-end then every application, and language-specific, needs to: ◦ Authenticate ◦ Batch ◦ Compress ◦ CRUD metadata ◦ Encryption ◦ Proxy ◦ Queue ◦ Retry • Common challenges with instrumenting serverless include cold boot time, resource consumption, and export latency