distribution is strictly prohibited Example for (semi-open, physical, competitive) Open / Collaborative Innovation networks: Volkswagen Forum Innovation • Sequence of topic-focused physical OI networks • 8-4 years ahead of SOP • 6 months, competitive set-ting (Joint kick- off, then hub-and-spoke) • 2007-2011: 14 forums, 120 suppliers • VW panel: Procurement, R&D, Marketing, Quality • Benefits to suppliers • Benchmark • Business opportunity (also in new business fields) - 13 - Web-based Physical