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Beyond Explainable AI: Co-evolution of AI and H...

Beyond Explainable AI: Co-evolution of AI and Humans

Artificial intelligence systems using deep learning have achieved image and speech recognition at performance levels on par with human beings. However, an issue is not being able to understand the basis on which a deep learning system determines its output. In this talk, we introduce Attention Branch Network (ABN), which outputs an attention map, an area that deep learning focuses on when determining inferential results. ABN is a deep learning network that can contribute to improving recognition performance while acquiring the attention mechanism. As application examples of ABN, we introduce ABN’s visual explanation of medical diagnosis decisions. Visualization of attention here means viewing the AI’s direction of attention. This technology holds great promise as an approach for interpreting the basis for decisions output by an AI system. We also discuss the next topic for AI, co-evolution of AI and humans.

Hironobu Fujiyoshi

August 26, 2022
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    validation set. Networks top-1 val. error top-5 val. error VGGnet-GAP 33.4 12.2 GoogLeNet-GAP 35.0 13.2 AlexNet∗-GAP 44.9 20.9 AlexNet-GAP 51.1 26.3 GoogLeNet 31.9 11.3 VGGnet 31.2 11.4 AlexNet 42.6 19.5 NIN 41.9 19.6 GoogLeNet-GMP 35.6 13.9 Table 3. Localization e weakly- and fully- supe Method GoogLeNet-GAP (he GoogLeNet-GAP Backprop [23] GoogLeNet [25] OverFeat [22] AlexNet [25] 4. Deep Features *NBHF/FU%BUBTFU WBMJEBUJPO  'FBUVSFNBQ 0VUQVU
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sha1_base64="aYu0bwSDva65Ct14jn/gNrFJXWM=">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</latexit> 3F-6 4JHNPJE 45($#MPDLº 45($#MPDLº 1FSDFQUJPOCSBODI Xatt out = K X k=1 ˆ Aatt k XinWatt k <latexit sha1_base64="ScJFh5Ch4FxVtxUCCz5xtfwpQWE=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="ScJFh5Ch4FxVtxUCCz5xtfwpQWE=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="ScJFh5Ch4FxVtxUCCz5xtfwpQWE=">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</latexit> "UUFOUJPOFEHF Xout = Xskel out + Xatt out <latexit sha1_base64="TIafFzYOoUyLwHnwhEvGX042a/A=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="TIafFzYOoUyLwHnwhEvGX042a/A=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="TIafFzYOoUyLwHnwhEvGX042a/A=">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</latexit> Xatt out = K X k=1 ˆ Aatt k XinWatt k <latexit sha1_base64="ScJFh5Ch4FxVtxUCCz5xtfwpQWE=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="ScJFh5Ch4FxVtxUCCz5xtfwpQWE=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="ScJFh5Ch4FxVtxUCCz5xtfwpQWE=">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</latexit> Xskel out = Q X q=1 Mskel q ˆ Askel q XinWskel q <latexit sha1_base64="2KaBWWfG5Jt6IABisW793699Vgc=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="2KaBWWfG5Jt6IABisW793699Vgc=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="2KaBWWfG5Jt6IABisW793699Vgc=">AAAC3HichVHPS9xAFH6Jtm5Xrau9FLyELpaelpdSUARhpZdeBHftugvGDck4q8Pml8lkxYbceqp4tYeeFKSU/hle+g/04KF/QOlRoZce+jYJaCvqC5n55nvf9+bNjB04IpKI54o6Mvrg4VjpUXl8YvLxVGV6Zj3y45DxFvMdP+zYVsQd4fGWFNLhnSDklms7vG33Xw/z7QEPI+F7b+V+wDdda9sTPcEsSZRZ2UsMu6d10m4S9bmTmokfy1RbKmuaEcVuN2kQtbukp0RkypUr5W5qMBGynDd2LKktX08Whc1EeDluX8+alSrWMAvtJtALUIUiVv3KZzBgC3xgEIMLHDyQhB2wIKJvA3RACIjbhIS4kJDI8hxSKJM3JhUnhUVsn8ZtWm0UrEfrYc0oczPaxaE/JKcGc/gdv+AFfsOv+BP/3ForyWoMe9mn2c69PDCnPjxd+32vy6VZws6V686eJfRgIetVUO9BxgxPwXL/4N3Hi7XF5lzyHE/wF/V/jOd4RifwBpfstMGbn6BMD6D/f903wfrLmo41vfGqWm8WT1GCWXgGL+i+56EOb2AVWrTvD2VEmVAm1a76Xj1QD3OpqhSeJ/BPqEd/AVqDt8A=</latexit> 4LFMUPOHSBQI Xatt out = K X k=1 ˆ Aatt k XinWatt k <latexit 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    "UUFOUJPONBQ 4DPSF  &HZQUJBODBU   UBCCZDBU   CBTTFU  "EE30*  &HZQUJBODBU   UBCCZDBU   UJHFSDBU  %FMFUFVOOFDFTTBSZSFHJPO *OQVU 
  22. w 'JOFUVOJOHVTJOHBUUFOUJPONBQCZNBOVBMFEJUJOH  3FUSBJOJOHBUUFOUJPOCSBODIBOEQFSDFQUJPOCSBODIUPNJOJNJ[FBUUFOUJPOMPTT &NCFEEJOHIVNBOLOPXMFEHFJO%//WJBBUUFOUJPONBQ<.JUTVIBSB 7*44"1`> Conv. Conv. GAP Res.

    Block 5 output Attention branch Perception branch Res. Attention Block Conv. Input Edited attention map (Human knowledge) Feature extractor Attention map Label 𝐿 𝑚𝑎𝑝 𝐿 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 ( 𝑥 ) 𝐿 𝑝 𝑒 𝑟 ( 𝑥 ) 𝐿 𝑚 𝑎𝑝 = 𝛼 𝑥 − 𝑦 2 2 𝐿 𝑎 𝑙𝑙 ( 𝑥 ) = 𝐿 𝑎 𝑡𝑡 ( 𝑥 ) + 𝐿 𝑝 𝑒 𝑟 ( 𝑥 ) + 𝐿 𝑚 𝑎 𝑝 'JOFUVOFE"#/ -PTT 
  23. & ff FDUJWFOFTTPG fi OFUVOJOHGPS"#/<.JUTVIBSB 7*44"1`> BSUJDUFSO QFMBHJDDPSNPSBOU bIPVTFXSFO` DPOGJEFODF

    bQFMBHJDDPSNPSBOU` DPOGJEFODF bBSUJDUFSO` DPOGJEFODF bQFMBHJDDPSNPSBOU` DPOGJEFODF )VNBOLOPMFEHF #VCCMFT 'JOFUVOFE"#/ ˠ'JOFUVOJOHBMMPXTVTUPPCUBJOBOBQQSPQSJBUFBUUFOUJPONBQ 
  24. w "*TZTUFNUIBUFWPMWFTXJUIIVNBOTJOBIVNBOJOUIFMPPQ  "*ˠ)"*UIBUDBOCFFYQMBJOFEUPIVNBOJOBOFBTZUPVOEFSTUBOENBOOFS  )ˠ"*&NCFEEJOHIVNBOLOPXMFEHFJOUPEFFQOFVSBMOFUXPSLT  "*ˠ)-FBSOGSPN"* $PFWPMVUJPOPG"*BOE)VNBO 

    %FFQ-FBSOJOH %BUB &YQFSU 4UVEFOU 6TFS ਓ "* )VNBO -FBSOGSPN"* (PBM1FPQMFMFBSOGSPN"*CZTIPXJOHLOPXMFEHFBDRVJSFECZ"* "QQMJDBUJPOT5BTLTTVDIBTHBNFTUSBUFHZ NFEJDBMEJBHOPTUJDBOEWJTVBMJOTQFDUJPO )VNBOLOPXMFEHF FNCFEEFE
  25. w 4UVEFOUTMFBSOJNQPSUBOUSFHJPOCZFEJUJOHBUUFOUJPONBQTPUIBU"*PVUQVUWBMVF JODSFBTFT  0VUQVUWBMVFJODSFBTFTCZBEEJOHBQQSPQSJBUFBSFBT 2.43% 35.03% 69.02% 96.82% 95.97%

    99.27% 99.98% ೖྗը૾ ֶशऀ͕ฤूͨ͠Attention map AIʹΑΔ஫ࢹྖҬ  *OQVU "UUFOUJPONBQTFEJUFECZTUVEFOU "UUFOUJPONBQ z-FBSOGSPN"*zCBTFEBQQGPSEJTFBTFEFUFDUJPO
  26. w $PNQBSJTPOPGQSFUFTUBOEQPTUUFTUSFTVMUTXJUIBOEXJUIPVUUIFBQQ  1SFUFTUBOEQPTUUFTU.FTTJEPSEBUBTFU  -FBSOJOH*OEJBOEJBCFUJDSFUJOPQBUIZJNBHFEBUBTFU *%3J% & ff FDUJWFOFTTPOz-FBSOGSPN"*zCBTFEBQQ

    QSFUFTU QSFUFTU QPTUUFTU &YQMBOBUJPOPG BQQ -FBSOJOH QPTUUFTU "TUVEFOUHSPVQUIBUMFBSOTXJUIPVUUIFBQQ "TUVEFOUHSPVQUIBUMFBSOTXJUIUIFBQQ ̑NJOJUFT &YQMBOBUJPOPG EBUBTFU -FBSOJOH NJOJUFT &WBMVBUJPOQSPUPDPM 
  27. $PNQBSJTPOXJUIBOEXJUIPVUUIFBQQ 4DPSF XJUIPVUBQQ XJUIBQQ "* )VNBOLOPXMFEHF FNCFEEFE"* QSFUFTU QPTUUFTU QSFUFTU

    QPTUUFTU QSFUFTU QPUUFTU               "WF       4%       ˠ)VNBOLOPXMFEHFFNCFEEFE"*JTNPTUFGGFDUJWFGPSTUVEFOUT 4VCKFDUTTUVEFOUT OPQSJPSLOPXMFEHFPGGVOEVTJNBHFEJTFBTF 
  28. 8BWFMFUUSBOTGPSNFS<0HBUB .*36> த෦େֶϩΰ த෦େֶϩΰ  w 5PXBSETJOUFSQSFUBCMFWJTJPOUSBOTGPSNFS  *OUFSQSFUBCJMJUZPGJOQVUJOGPSNBUJPOBDDPSEJOHUPQPTJUJPOTDBMFBOEGSFRVFODZ Transformer

    Encoder Linear Projection for each Patches Wavelet Patch … Patch + Position Embedding … MLP Head Class Prediction … … Reconstruction Attention Reconstruction Target HH1 HL1 LH1 LH2 HL2 HH2 LH3 HH3 HL3 LL