Confoo Vancouver - Design Patterns

Design patterns are conceptual solutions to solve common redundant problems in software engineering. However, learning them is not easy as litterature or tutorials on the Internet often introduce them with theorical examples. This talk gives you a slightly different approach by introducing design patterns with practical code samples to solve real world problems. The talk focuses on the Abstract Factory, Builder, Decorator and Composite patterns.

Transcript

1. Solving Real World
   Problems with
   Design Patterns.
   Confoo 2017 / Dec. 6th / Vancouver / Canada
   Hugo Hamon
   h"ps://www.flickr.com/photos/maelick/15302490013/  
   

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2. Hugo Hamon
   

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3. Hugo Hamon
   Senior Software Developer
   15 years of PHP experience
   10 years of Symfony experience
   Conferences speaker
   @hhamon on social networks
   Books (co) author
   

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4. https://speakerdeck.com/hhamon
   

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5. Introduction
   

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6. SOLID
   Principles
   

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7. Single Responsability
   Open / Closed
   Liskov Substitution
   Interface Segregation
   Dependency Inversion
   

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8. What are Design
   Patterns?
   

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9. In software design, a
   design pattern is an
   abstract generic solution
   to solve a particular
   redundant problem.
   

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10. Creational
    Abstract Factory
    Builder
    Factory Method
    Prototype
    Singleton
    Creational design
    patterns are responsible
    for encapsulating the
    algorithms for producing
    and assembling objects.
    Patterns
    

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11. Structural
    Adapter
    Bridge
    Composite
    Decorator
    Facade
    Flyweight
    Proxy
    Structural design
    patterns organize
    classes in a way to
    separate their
    implementations from
    their interfaces.
    Patterns
    

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12. Behavioral
    Chain of Responsibility
    Command
    Interpreter
    Iterator
    Mediator
    Memento
    Observer
    State
    Strategy
    Template Method
    Visitor
    Behavioral design
    patterns organize
    objects to make them
    collaborate together
    while reducing their
    coupling.
    Patterns
    

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13. What are the
    pros & cons of
    design patterns?
    

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14.   Communication
      Code Testability
    Maintainability
    Loose Coupling
      …
      Hard to Teach
      Hard to Learn
      Hard to Apply
      Entry Barrier
      …
    

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15. Patterns are not always
    the holly grail!!!
    

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16. Composite
    Composite pattern enables to treat
    individual objects and groups of
    objects of the same type the same
    way with a uniform common interface.
    

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17. Tailored for hierarchical data structures
    Family Tree
    File Explorer
    Organization Chart
    Content Management
    Book
    XML Parsing
    Navigation Bars
    etc.
    Web Forms
    Products Combos
    

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18. View Slide

19. Loading Routes
    Definitions from
    Configuration Files
    

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20. namespace Routing;
    use Routing\Exception\RouteNotFoundException;
    final class UrlMatcher implements UrlMatcherInterface
    {
    private $routes;
    public function __construct(RouteCollection $routes)
    {
    $this->routes = $this->sortByPath($routes);
    }
    public function match(Request $request): array
    {
    if (!isset($this->routes[$path = $request->getPathInfo()])) {
    throw RouteNotFoundException::forUnsupportedPath($path);
    }
    return $this->routes[$path];
    }
    }
    

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21. # config/routes.php
    use Routing\Route;
    use Routing\RouteCollection;
    $routes = new RouteCollection();
    $route1 = new Route('/contact', 'App\\Action\\ContactDisplay');
    $route1->setMethods(['GET']);
    $routes->add('get_contact', $route1);
    $route2 = new Route('/contact', 'App\\Action\\ContactProcess');
    $route2->setMethods(['POST']);
    $routes->add('post_contact', $route2);
    return $routes;
    

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22. use Routing\UrlMatcher;
    use Routing\Loader\PhpFileLoader;
    $loader = new PhpFileLoader();
    $routes = $loader->load('config/routes.php');
    $router = new UrlMatcher($routes);
    $infos = $router->match(new Request('GET', '/home'));
    

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23. namespace Routing\Loader;
    use Routing\Exception\UnsupportedFileException;
    use Routing\RouteCollection;
    class PhpFileLoader implements FileLoaderInterface
    {
    public function load(string $path): RouteCollection
    {
    if (!file_exists($path)) {
    throw UnsupportedFileException::forUnreadableFile($path);
    }
    if ('php' !== pathinfo($path, PATHINFO_EXTENSION)) {
    throw UnsupportedFileException::forUnsupportedType($path, 'php');
    }
    $routes = require $path;
    if (!$routes instanceof RouteCollection) {
    throw UnsupportedFileException::forUnexpectedData($path, $routes);
    }
    return $routes;
    }
    }
    

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24. 
    
    
    name="get_contact"
    path="/contact"
    methods="GET"
    controller="App\Action\ContactDisplay"/>
    

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25. class XmlFileLoader implements FileLoaderInterface
    {
    public function load(string $path): RouteCollection
    {
    // ...
    try {
    $xml = new \SimpleXMLElement(file_get_contents($path));
    } catch (\Exception $e) {
    throw UnsupportedFileException::forUnreadableFile($path, $e);
    }
    $routes = new RouteCollection();
    foreach ($xml->route as $route) {
    $routes->add($route['name'], $this->makeRoute($route));
    }
    return $routes;
    }
    }
    

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26. use Routing\UrlMatcher;
    use Routing\Loader\XmlFileLoader;
    $loader = new XmlFileLoader();
    $routes = $loader->load('config/routes.xml');
    $router = new UrlMatcher($routes);
    $infos = $router->match(new Request('GET', '/home'));
    

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27. What if the file
    loader must be
    chosen at runtime?
    

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28. use Routing\Loader\DelegatingLoader;
    use Routing\Loader\PhpFileLoader;
    use Routing\Loader\XmlFileLoader;
    $loader = new DelegatingLoader();
    $loader->add(new PhpFileLoader());
    $loader->add(new XmlFileLoader());
    $routes = $loader->load('config/routes.xml');
    $routes = $loader->load('config/routes.php');
    

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29. class DelegatingLoader implements FileLoaderInterface
    {
    private $loaders = [];
    public function add(FileLoaderInterface $loader): void
    {
    $this->loaders[] = $loader;
    }
    // ...
    }
    

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30. class DelegatingLoader implements FileLoaderInterface
    {
    // ...
    public function load(string $path): RouteCollection
    {
    foreach ($this->loaders as $loader) {
    if ($routes = $this->tryLoader($path, $loader)) {
    return $routes;
    }
    }
    throw UnsupportedFileException::forUnsupportedType($path);
    }
    private function tryLoader(string $path, FileLoaderInterface $loader): ?RouteCollection
    {
    try {
    return $loader->load($path);
    } catch (UnsupportedFileException $exception) {
    return null;
    }
    }
    }
    

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31. Builder
    Builder pattern separates the construction
    of a complex object from its representation
    so that the same construction process can
    create different representations.
    

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32. $matcher = UrlMatcherBuilder::create()
    ->load('config/routes.xml')
    ->add('/home', 'homepage', 'App\\Action\\Homepage')
    ->add('/about', 'about', 'App\\Action\\About')
    ->load('/config/routes.php')
    ->build()
    ;
    $infos = $router->match(new Request('GET', '/home'));
    

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33. final class UrlMatcherBuilder implements UrlMatcherBuilderInterface
    {
    private $loader;
    private $routes;
    public function __construct(FileLoaderInterface $loader)
    {
    $this->loader = $loader;
    $this->routes = new RouteCollection();
    }
    public static function create(): self
    {
    $loader = new DelegatingLoader();
    $loader->add(new XmlFileLoader());
    $loader->add(new PhpFileLoader());
    return new self($loader);
    }
    }
    

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34. class UrlMatcherBuilder
    {
    public function load(string $path): self
    {
    $this->routes->merge($this->loader->load($path));
    return $this;
    }
    public function add(string $path, string $name, callable $callback): self
    {
    $this->routes->add(new Route($path, $name, $callback));
    return $this;
    }
    public function build(): UrlMatcherInterface
    {
    return new UrlMatcher($this->routes);
    }
    }
    

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35. Decorator
    Decorator pattern enables to
    dynamically attach new
    responsabilities to an object without
    changing its class.
    

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36. Decorator leverages
    Object Composition
    over Class
    Inheritance.
    

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38. $instance = new OtherConcreteDecorator(
    new SomeConcreteDecorator(
    new ConcreteDecorator(
    new DecoratedComponent()
    )
    )
    );
    $instance->operation();
    

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39. http://stackphp.com/
    

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40. Simple Object
    Decoration
    Example
    

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41. // ...
    use Psr\Log\LoggerInterface;
    class LoggableUrlMatcher implements UrlMatcherInterface
    {
    private $urlMatcher;
    private $logger;
    public function __construct(
    UrlMatcherInterface $urlMatcher,
    LoggerInterface $logger
    ) {
    $this->urlMatcher = $urlMatcher;
    $this->logger = $logger;
    }
    }
    

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42. class LoggableUrlMatcher implements UrlMatcherInterface
    {
    // ...
    public function match(Request $request): array
    {
    $this->logger->info(sprintf('Matching path "%s".', $request->getPathInfo()));
    try {
    $infos = $this->urlMatcher->match($request);
    $this->logger->info(sprintf('Matched route "%s".', $infos['_route']));
    } catch (RoutingException $e) {
    $this->logger->info($e->getMessage());
    throw $e;
    }
    return $infos;
    }
    }
    

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43. $loader = new PhpFileLoader();
    $routes = $loader->load('/config/routes.php');
    $matcher = new LoggableUrlMatcher(
    new UrlMatcher($routes),
    new Logger('/tmp/app.log')
    );
    $matcher->match(new Request(...));
    

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44. Making Infinite Object
    Responsabilities
    Combinations
    

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45. Coupon Codes Management
    Consider an e-commerce website
    offering coupon codes for customers
    to reduce their orders. Coupons are
    accepted and will discount an order
    total amount if their restrictions
    constraints are validated.
    

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46. Coupons Restrictions
    ü  Limited lifetime period,
    ü  Minimum total amount required,
    ü  Minimum quantity of ordered items required,
    ü  Valid for a specific geographical area,
    ü  Customer must own the loyalty membership card,
    ü  Coupon is valid for Premium / VIP customers only,
    ü  Valid for the customer’s very first order,
    ü  Some products are not eligible for discounts,
    ü  Valid only on some specific products areas (luxury, food…),
    ü  etc.
    

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48. interface CouponInterface
    {
    public function getCode(): string;
    /**
    * Returns the new total amount after the coupon has been
    * applied on the given order.
    *
    * @param OrderableInterface $order The order to discount
    *
    * @return Money The new order total amount
    *
    * @throws CouponException When coupon is not applicable
    */
    public function applyDiscount(OrderableInterface $order): Money;
    }
    

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49. Modeling Coupon
    Objects Classes
    

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50. class ValueCoupon implements CouponInterface
    {
    private $code;
    private $discount;
    public function __construct(string $code, Money $discount)
    {
    $this->code = $code;
    $this->discount = $discount;
    }
    public function getCode(): string
    {
    return $this->code;
    }
    public function applyDiscount(OrderableInterface $order): Money
    {
    return $order->getTotalAmount()->subtract($this->discount);
    }
    }
    Modelling a Value Coupon
    

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51. class RateCoupon implements CouponInterface
    {
    private $code;
    private $rate;
    public function __construct(string $code, float $rate)
    {
    Assertion::greaterThan($rate, 0);
    Assertion::lowerThanOrEqual($rate, 1);
    $this->code = $code;
    $this->rate = $rate;
    }
    }
    Modelling a Rate Coupon
    

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52. class RateCoupon implements CouponInterface
    {
    // ...
    public function getCode()
    {
    return $this->code;
    }
    public function applyDiscount(OrderableInterface $order): Money
    {
    $amount = $order->getTotalAmount();
    return $amount->subtract($amount->multiply($this->rate));
    }
    }
    

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53. abstract class CouponDecorator implements CouponInterface
    {
    protected $coupon;
    public function __construct(CouponInterface $coupon)
    {
    $this->coupon = $coupon;
    }
    public function getCode(): string
    {
    return $this->coupon->getCode();
    }
    protected function createCouponException(string $message, \Throwable $previous = null)
    {
    return new CouponException($message, 0, $previous);
    }
    }
    Modelling a Coupon Decorator
    

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54. Modeling Coupon
    Restrictions as
    Coupon Decorators
    

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55. class LimitedLifetimeCoupon extends CouponDecorator
    {
    private $period;
    function __construct(CouponInterface $coupon, DateTimePeriod $period)
    {
    parent::__construct($coupon);
    $this->period = $period;
    }
    public function applyDiscount(OrderableInterface $order): Money
    {
    // ... Add restriction logic here.
    return $this->coupon->applyDiscount($order);
    }
    }
    

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56. class LimitedLifetimeCoupon extends CouponDecorator
    {
    // ...
    public function applyDiscount(OrderableInterface $order): Money
    {
    if (!$this->period->isStarted()) {
    throw $this->createCouponException(sprintf(
    'Coupon is usable from %s.',
    $this->period->getStartDate()
    ));
    }
    if ($this->period->isFinished()) {
    throw $this->createCouponException(sprintf(
    'Coupon was valid until %s.',
    $this->period->getDueDate()
    ));
    }
    return $this->coupon->applyDiscount($order);
    }
    }
    

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57. use SebastianBergmann\Money\Money;
    use Shop\Discount\LimitedLifetimeCoupon;
    use Shop\Discount\RateCoupon;
    use Shop\Discount\ValueCoupon;
    // Coupon offers a discount value of 20 €.
    $coupon1 = new LimitedLifetimeCoupon(
    new ValueCoupon('3s2h7pd65s', Money::fromString('20.00', EUR')),
    DateTimePeriod::fromString('FROM 2017-12-01 TO 2017-12-31');
    );
    // Coupon offers 25% off.
    $coupon2 = new LimitedLifetimeCoupon(
    new RateCoupon('76cqa6qr19', 0.25),
    DateTimePeriod::fromString('FROM 2017-12-01 TO 2017-12-31');
    );
    

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58. class MinimumPurchaseAmountCoupon extends CouponDecorator
    {
    private $minimumAmount;
    function __construct(CouponInterface $coupon, Money $minAmount)
    {
    parent::__construct($coupon);
    $this->minimumAmount = $minAmount;
    }
    public function applyDiscount(OrderableInterface $order): Money
    {
    $amount = $order->getTotalAmount();
    if ($amount->lessThan($this->minimumAmount)) {
    throw $this->createCouponException(...);
    }
    return $this->coupon->applyDiscount($order);
    }
    }
    

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59. use SebastianBergmann\Money\Money;
    use Shop\Discount\MinimumPurchaseAmountCoupon;
    use Shop\Discount\RateCoupon;
    use Shop\Discount\ValueCoupon;
    // Get 20 € off if total amount is greater than 300 €
    $coupon1 = new MinimumPurchaseAmountCoupon(
    new ValueCoupon('3s2h7pd65s', new EUR('20.00')),
    new EUR('300.00')
    );
    // Get 25% off if total amount is greater than 300 €
    $coupon2 = new MinimumPurchaseAmountCoupon(
    new RateCoupon('76cqa6qr19', 0.25),
    new EUR('300.00')
    );
    

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60. // ...
    class CustomerFirstOrderCoupon extends CouponDecorator
    {
    public function applyDiscount(OrderableInterface $order)
    {
    $customer = $order->getCustomer();
    if ($customer->hasPastOrders()) {
    throw $this->createCouponException(
    'Customer already has past orders.’
    );
    }
    return $this->coupon->applyDiscount($order);
    }
    }
    

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61. use SebastianBergmann\Money\Money;
    use Shop\Discount\CustomerFirstOrderCoupon;
    use Shop\Discount\RateCoupon;
    use Shop\Discount\ValueCoupon;
    // Get 20 € off on the first order
    $coupon1 = new CustomerFirstOrderCoupon(
    new ValueCoupon(
    '3s2h7pd65s',
    new EUR('20.00')
    )
    );
    // Get 25% off on the first order
    $coupon2 = new CustomerFirstOrderCoupon(
    new RateCoupon('76cqa6qr19', 0.25)
    );
    

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62. // Create the special coupon
    $coupon = new CustomerFirstOrderCoupon(
    new MinimumPurchaseAmountCoupon(
    new LimitedLifetimeCoupon(
    new ValueCoupon('3s2h7pd65s', new EUR('20.00')),
    DateTimePeriod::until('+60 days')
    ),
    new EUR('170.00')
    )
    );
    // Create the order instance
    $customer = new \Shop\Customer('jsmith@example.com');
    $order = new \Shop\Order($customer, new EUR('200.00'));
    // Apply discount coupon on the order
    $discountedAmount = $coupon->applyDiscount($order);
    

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63. Easy to setup
    Infinite combinations
    Unchanged existing code
    Loose coupling
      SOLID compliant
      …
      Large objects graphs
      Proxy objects
      Fluent interfaces
      …
    

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64. Abstract Factory
    Abstract Factory provides an
    interface for creating families of
    related or dependent objects without
    specifying their concrete classes.
    

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65. 2016 - Twig 1.x
    2015 – Symfony 3.0
    2012 – Symfony 2.3
    

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66. Both assessments have similarities
    -­‐ Symfony  2.3  /  3.0 Twig
    Pricing
    €250 (USA, Europe, UAE, Japan, etc.)
    €200 (Brazil, Tunisia, India, etc.)
    €149
    (no country restriction)
    Eligibility
    Conditions
    Candidate must be at least 18 y.o
    Candidate must not be Expert Certified
    Up to 2 sessions max per civil year
    No active exam registration
    1 week blank period between 2 exams
    Candidate must be at least 18 y.o
    Candidate must not be Expert Certified
    No active exam registration
    1 month blank period between 2 exams
    Levels
    Expert Symfony Developer
    Advanced Symfony Developer
    Expert Twig Web Designer
    

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67. First
    Implementation
    Attempt…
    

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68. class PlaceOrderCommandHandler
    {
    private $symfonyPricer;
    private $twigPricer;
    // ...
    public function handle(PlaceOrderCommand $command): void
    {
    $order = new Order();
    $order->setQuantity($command->getQuantity());
    $order->setUnitPrice($this->getUnitPrice($command));
    // ...
    }
    }
    

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69. class PlaceOrderCommandHandler
    {
    // ...
    private function getUnitPrice(PlaceOrderCommand $command): Money
    {
    $country = $command->getCountry();
    switch ($code = $command->getExamSeriesType()) {
    case 'TWXCE':
    return $this->twigPricer->getUnitPrice($country);
    case 'SFXCE':
    return $this->symfonyPricer->getUnitPrice($country);
    }
    throw new UnsupportedAssessmentException($code);
    }
    }
    

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70. View Slide

71. Introducing an
    Abstract Factory
    Implementation
    

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72. View Slide

73. View Slide

74. Defining all main
    common interfaces
    

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75. namespace Certification;
    interface CertificationFactoryInterface
    {
    public function createEligibilityChecker()
    : CertificationEligibilityCheckerInterface;
    public function createTicketPricer()
    : CertificationTicketPricerInterface;
    public function createAuthority()
    : CertificationAuthorityInterface;
    }
    

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76. namespace Certification;
    use SebastianBergmann\Money\Money;
    interface CertificationTicketPricerInterface
    {
    public function getUnitPrice(string $country): Money;
    public function getTotalPrice(string $country, int $quantity): Money;
    }
    

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77. namespace Certification;
    use Certification\Domain\AssessmentResult;
    use Certification\Exception\CandidateNotCertifiedException;
    use Certification\Exception\UnsupportedAssessmentException;
    interface CertificationAuthorityInterface
    {
    /**
    * Returns the candidate's certification level.
    *
    * @throws CandidateNotCertifiedException
    * @throws UnsupportedAssessmentException
    */
    public function getCandidateLevel(AssessmentResult $result): string;
    }
    

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78. Varying
    Certifications
    Tickets Pricing
    

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79. $pricer = new \Certification\Symfony\TicketPricer(
    Money::fromString('250', 'EUR'),
    Money::fromString('200', 'EUR')
    );
    $price = $pricer->getUnitPrice('FR'); // €250
    $price = $pricer->getUnitPrice('TN'); // €200
    $pricer = new \Certification\Twig\TicketPricer(
    Money::fromString('149', 'EUR')
    );
    $price = $pricer->getUnitPrice('FR'); // €149
    $price = $pricer->getUnitPrice('TN'); // €149
    

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80. namespace Certification;
    use SebastianBergmann\Money\Money;
    abstract class AbstractTicketPricer
    implements CertificationTicketPricerInterface
    {
    /**
    * Returns the total price for the given quantity.
    */
    public function getTotalPrice(string $country, int $quantity): Money
    {
    if ($quantity < 1) {
    throw new \InvalidTicketQuantityException($quantity);
    }
    return $this->getUnitPrice($country)->multiply($quantity);
    }
    }
    

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81. namespace Certification\Twig;
    use SebastianBergmann\Money\Money;
    use Certification\AbstractTicketPricer;
    class TicketPricer extends AbstractTicketPricer
    {
    private $price;
    public function __construct(Money $price)
    {
    $this->price = $price;
    }
    public function getUnitPrice(string $country): Money
    {
    return $this->price;
    }
    }
    

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82. namespace Certification\Symfony;
    use SebastianBergmann\Money\Money;
    use Certification\AbstractTicketPricer;
    class TicketPricer extends AbstractTicketPricer
    {
    private $regularPrice;
    private $discountPrice;
    public function __construct(Money $regularPrice, Money $discountPrice)
    {
    $this->regularPrice = $regularPrice;
    $this->discountPrice = $discountPrice;
    }
    public function getUnitPrice(string $country): Money
    {
    if (in_array($country, ['FR', 'US', 'DE', 'IT', 'CH', 'BE', /* … */])) {
    return $this->regularPrice;
    }
    return $this->discountPrice;
    }
    }
    

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83. Varying
    Certifications
    Authorities
    

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84. try {
    $assessment = AssessmentResult::fromCSV('SL038744,SF3CE,35');
    $authority = new \Certification\Symfony\Authority(20, 10);
    $symfonyLevel = $authority->getCandidateLevel($assessment);
    $assessment = AssessmentResult::fromCSV('SL038744,TW1CE,17');
    $authority = new \Certification\Twig\Authority(15);
    $twigLevel = $authority->getCandidateLevel($assessment);
    } catch (CandidateNotCertifiedException $e) {
    // ...
    } catch (UnsupportedAssessmentException $e) {
    // ...
    } catch (\Exception $e) {
    // ...
    }
    

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85. namespace Certification\Twig;
    use Certification\CertificationAuthorityInterface;
    use Certification\Domain\AssessmentResult;
    use Certification\Exception\CandidateNotCertifiedException;
    use Certification\Exception\UnsupportedAssessmentException;
    class Authority implements CertificationAuthorityInterface
    {
    // ...
    public function getCandidateLevel(AssessmentResult $result): string
    {
    if ('TW1CE' !== $assessmentID = $result->getAssessmentID()) {
    throw new UnsupportedAssessmentException($assessmentID);
    }
    if ($result->getScore() < $this->passingScore) {
    throw new CandidateNotCertifiedException($result->getCandidateID(), $assessmentID);
    }
    return 'expert';
    }
    }
    

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86. namespace Certification\Symfony;
    use Certification\CertificationAuthorityInterface;
    use Certification\Entity\AssessmentResult;
    use Certification\Exception\CandidateNotCertifiedException;
    use Certification\Exception\UnsupportedAssessmentException;
    class Authority implements CertificationAuthorityInterface
    {
    private $expertLevelPassingScore;
    private $advancedLevelPassingScore;
    public function __construct(int $expertScore, int $advancedScore)
    {
    $this->expertLevelPassingScore = $expertScore;
    $this->advancedLevelPassingScore = $advancedScore;
    }
    // ...
    }
    

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87. class Authority implements CertificationAuthorityInterface
    {
    public function getCandidateLevel(AssessmentResult $result): string
    {
    $assessmentID = $result->getAssessmentID();
    if (!in_array($assessmentID, ['SF2CE', 'SF3CE'])) {
    throw new UnsupportedAssessmentException($assessmentID);
    }
    $score = $result->getScore();
    if ($score >= $this->expertLevelPassingScore) {
    return 'expert';
    }
    if ($score >= $this->advancedLevelPassingScore) {
    return 'advanced';
    }
    throw new CandidateNotCertifiedException($result->getCandidateID(), $assessmentID);
    }
    // ...
    }
    

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88. Implementing
    Concrete
    Factories
    

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89. View Slide

90. View Slide

91. namespace Certification\Symfony;
    use SebastianBergmann\Money\Money;
    use Certification\CertificationAuthorityInterface;
    use Certification\CertificationFactoryInterface;
    // ...
    class CertificationFactory implements CertificationFactoryInterface
    {
    // ...
    public function createTicketPricer(): CertificationTicketPricerInterface
    {
    return new TicketPricer(
    Money::fromString('250', 'EUR'),
    Money::fromString('200', 'EUR')
    );
    }
    public function createAuthority(): CertificationAuthorityInterface
    {
    return new Authority(20, 10);
    }
    }
    

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92. namespace Certification\Twig;
    use SebastianBergmann\Money\Money;
    use Certification\CertificationAuthorityInterface;
    use Certification\CertificationFactoryInterface;
    // ...
    class CertificationFactory implements CertificationFactoryInterface
    {
    // ...
    public function createTicketPricer(): CertificationTicketPricerInterface
    {
    return new TicketPricer(Money::fromString('149', 'EUR'));
    }
    public function createAuthority(): CertificationAuthorityInterface
    {
    return new Authority(20);
    }
    }
    

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93. $assessmentFamily = 'SFXCE';
    // Choose the right factory
    switch ($assessmentFamily) {
    case 'TWXCE':
    $factory = new TwigCertificationFactory(...);
    break;
    case 'SFXCE':
    $factory = new SymfonyCertificationFactory(...);
    break;
    default:
    throw new UnsupportedAssessmentFamilyException($assessmentFamily);
    }
    // Request and use the factory services
    $pricer = $factory->createTicketPricer();
    $checker = $factory->createEligibilityChecker();
    $authority = $factory->createAuthority();
    

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94. The Giga
    Factory
    

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95. namespace Certification;
    use Certification\Exception\UnsupportedAssessmentException;
    //...
    class CertificationFactoryFactory implements CertificationFactoryFactoryInterface
    {
    private $factories = [];
    public function getFactory(string $assessment): CertificationFactoryInterface
    {
    if (isset($this->factories[$assessment])) {
    return $this->factories[$assessment];
    }
    if ('TW1CE' === $assessment) {
    return $this->createTwigCertificationFactory($assessment);
    }
    if (in_array($assessment, ['SF2CE', 'SF3CE'], true)) {
    return $this->createSymfonyCertificationFactory($assessment);
    }
    throw new UnsupportedAssessmentException($assessment);
    }
    }
    

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96. // ...
    use Certification\Symfony\CertificationFactory as SymfonyCertificationFactory;
    use Certification\Twig\CertificationFactory as TwigCertificationFactory;
    class CertificationFactoryFactory implements CertificationFactoryFactoryInterface
    {
    private $factories = [];
    public function getFactory(string $assessment): CertificationFactoryInterface
    {
    if (isset($this->factories[$assessment])) {
    return $this->factories[$assessment];
    }
    if ('TW1CE' === $assessment) {
    return $this->createTwigCertificationFactory($assessment);
    }
    if (in_array($assessment, ['SF2CE', 'SF3CE'], true)) {
    return $this->createSymfonyCertificationFactory($assessment);
    }
    throw new UnsupportedAssessmentException($assessment);
    }
    }
    

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97. class CertificationFactoryFactory implements CertificationFactoryFactoryInterface
    {
    // ...
    private function createTwigCertificationFactory(string $assessment)
    : CertificationFactoryInterface
    {
    $this->factories[$assessment] = $f = new TwigCertificationFactory(...);
    return $f;
    }
    private function createSymfonyCertificationFactory(string $assessment)
    : CertificationFactoryInterface
    {
    $this->factories[$assessment] = $f = new SymfonyCertificationFactory(...);
    return $f;
    }
    }
    

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98. class CertificationFactoryFactory implements CertificationFactoryFactoryInterface
    {
    // ...
    public function createCertificationTicketPricer(string $assessment)
    : CertificationTicketPricerInterface
    {
    return $this->getFactory($assessment)->createTicketPricer();
    }
    public function createCertificationAuthority(string $assessment)
    : CertificationAuthorityInterface
    {
    return $this->getFactory($assessment)->createCertificationAuthority();
    }
    public function createCertificationEligibilityChecker(string $assessment)
    : CertificationEligibilityCheckerInterface
    {
    return $this->getFactory($assessment)->createEligibilityChecker();
    }
    }
    

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