international assessments of global challenges such as climate change, scarcity of natural resources, and global-scale hazards such as earth quakes ((=provide example of the kind of hazard we have in mind)) . to strengthen the societal and economic role of the Arctic region, and to support the EU strategy for the Arctic and related maritime and environmental policies. It is of paramount importance to establish an integrated Arctic Observing System By ‘integrated’, we mean connected across 1) institutions, 2) disciplines, and 3) ways of knowing =my suggestion!