New Features in PHP 7

PHP7 is the first major version of PHP to be released since 2004, and has brought us dozens of new features and huge performance gains. Let's take a tour of the latest and greatest PHP has to offer, and also see if it is safe for you to update your servers. (First given in January 2016 to the @azPHP user group. Updated with information about PHP 7.1 in October 2016 for Desert Code Camp)

Transcript

1. new features
   in php7
   By Jeremy Lindblom
   @jeremeamia
   McGraw-Hill Education
   

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2. @jeremeamia
   

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3. today:
   1. brief history
   2.what’s new?
   3.what changed?
   

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4. did you know...
   php7 is compatible
   with star wars &
   star trek fans?
   

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5. new features
   or maybe...
   an awakening of new powers?
   php7
   a.k.a.
   PHP VII
   

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6. PHP VII: The PHorce Awakens
   

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7. PHP7 is based on a new version
   or the
   “next generation”
   of the
   Zend Engine, called:
   phpng
   

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8. PHP: The Next Generation
   

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9. a brief
   history of php
   part one
   

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10. Once upon a time…
    

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11. 1995: PHP is born
    

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12. 1998: PHP 3 & The ElePHPant
    

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13. 2000: PHP 4 & Zend Engine
    

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14. 2003: ???
    

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15. 2003: Jeremy Graduates
    

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16. 2003: WordPress
    

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17. 2004: PHP 5 & OOP
    

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18. 2006: AWS & The Cloud
    

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19. 2007: PHP 5.2 & Frameworks
    

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20. 2009: PHP 5.3 is released
    

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21. 2010: ♥ for Git/GitHub grows
    

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22. 2011: Composer & PSR-0
    

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23. 2013: Laravel, hhvm, & PHP 5.5
    

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24. 2015: PHP7 & 20th Birthday
    

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25. 2016: PHP 7.1 & Beyond
    

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26. what’s new
    in php7?
    part two
    

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27. But first...
    

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28. New Features in PHP 5 Since Version 5.2
    Namespaces & Class Imports
    Late Static Binding
    Closures
    goto
    Ternary Shortcut ( ?: )
    Traits
    Short Array Syntax ( [ ] )
    Built-in Server
    Generators
    password_hash() API
    finally
    Variadic Functions ( ... )
    Function/Const Imports
    Exponentiation Operator ( ** )
    

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30. It’s faster!
    

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31. Like, waaay faster!!!
    

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32. Benchmark: Wordpress 4.1
    

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33. Benchmark: Wordpress 4.1
    

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35. ➡ Twice as fast
    ➡ Half the memory
    

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36. Your Server Cluster
    

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37. Your Server Cluster
    

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38. ➡ Twice as fast
    ➡ Half the memory
    ∴ Lower Costs
    

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40. Scalar Type Hints
    

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41. Type hints in PHP 5
    // “array”, “callable”, “self”, and class names allowed
    function getPeople(array $ids) { … }
    function delete($id, callable $onFailure) { … }
    function hire(Person $person) { … }
    

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42. Type declarations in PHP 7 (a.k.a. scalar type hints)
    // “int”, “float”, “string”, and “bool” now allowed
    function truncate(string $str, int $length) { … }
    function coord(float $x, float $y) { … }
    

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43. Coercive vs. Strict
    // Given the following function:
    function sum(int ...$numbers) {
    return array_sum($numbers);
    }
    echo sum(3, 1, 7); //> 11
    

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44. Coercive vs. Strict (cont.)
    declare(strict_types=0);
    // coercive mode
    echo sum(4, 2); //> 6
    echo sum(4.1, 2.1); //> 6
    

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45. Coercive vs. Strict (cont.)
    declare(strict_types=1);
    // strict mode
    echo sum(4, 2); //> 6
    echo sum(4.1, 2.1); //> TypeError
    

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46. [PHP 7.1] Nullable Type Hints
    function prefix(?string $prefix, string $str) { … }
    

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47. Return Type Declarations
    

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48. Works with functions, methods, and closures
    function sum(int ...$numbers): int { … }
    $fn = function (int $num) use ($max): int { … }
    

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49. [PHP 7.1] Void Return Types
    function execute(Command $cmd): void { … }
    

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50. Null Coalescing Operator
    

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51. Ternary Statements in PHP 5
    // Ternary with set variable
    $result = !empty($value) ? $value : $default;
    // Null coalescing with non-set variable
    $result = isset($value) ? $value : $default;
    

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52. Ternary Shortcut Syntax (Added in PHP 5.3)
    // Ternary with set variable
    $result = $value ?: $default;
    // Null coalescing with non-set variable
    $result = isset($value) ? $value : $default;
    

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53. Null Coalescing Operator (Added in PHP 7)
    // Ternary with set variable
    $result = $value ?: $default;
    // Null coalescing with non-set variable
    $result = $value ?? $default;
    

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54. Anonymous Classes
    

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55. Anonymous Classes
    use Psr\Log\{LoggerInterface, LoggerTrait};
    $log = new class() implements LoggerInterface {
    use LoggerTrait;
    public function log($lvl, $msg, array $ctx = []) {
    echo $lvl . ': ' . strtr($msg, $ctx) . "\n";
    }
    };
    

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56. Anonymous Classes and Constructors
    $log = new class(string $path) implements LoggerInterface {
    use LoggerTrait;
    private $file;
    public function __construct(string $path) {
    $this->file = fopen($path, 'w+');
    }
    };
    

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57. Anonymous Classes Tips
    ● function is to closure as class is to anonymous class
    ● Works the same as a regular class, but without a name
    ● May be helpful for implementing...
    ○ internal, private, or undocumented classes
    ○ single-use objects
    ○ implementing small interfaces
    ● Cannot be serialized
    

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58. Group use Declarations
    

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59. Group use Declarations
    use Psr\Log\{LoggerInterface, LoggerTrait};
    $log = new class() implements LoggerInterface {
    use LoggerTrait;
    public function log($lvl, $msg, array $ctx = []) {
    echo $lvl . ': ' . strtr($msg, $ctx) . "\n";
    }
    };
    

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60. More Examples – PHP 5
    use My\App\ClassA;
    use My\App\ClassB as B;
    use function My\App\function_a;
    use function My\App\function_b;
    use const My\App\CONSTANT_A;
    use const My\App\CONSTANT_B;
    

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61. More Examples – PHP 7
    use My\App\{ClassA, ClassB as B};
    use function My\App\{function_a, function_b};
    use const My\App\{CONSTANT_A, CONSTANT_B};
    

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62. Spaceship Operator
    <=>
    <=>
    

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63. Combined Comparison (“Spaceship”) Operator
    ● Looks like a UFO: $a <=> $b
    ● Like strcmp() but for numbers, other scalars, and arrays
    ● Returns -1, 0, or 1, which is perfect for sorting
    ● Same logic can be accomplished for numbers by doing:
    ($a < $b) ? -1 : (($a > $b) ? 1 : 0)
    

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64. Spaceship in Action
    usort($people, function ($person1, $person2) {
    return $person1->age <=> $person2->age;
    });
    

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65. CSPRNG Functions
    

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66. CSPRNG Functions
    Cryptographically
    Secure
    Pseudo–
    Random
    Number
    Generator
    random_int($min, $max): int
    random_bytes($length): string
    

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67. Symmetric Array Destructuring
    PHP
    7.1
    

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68. [PHP 7.1] Symmetric Array Destructuring
    // Destructuring in PHP 5
    list($class, $method) = explode('::', $name);
    // Say goodbye to list() in PHP 7
    [$class, $method] = explode('::', $name);
    // Can also destructure arrays with non-integer keys
    ['id' => $id, 'name' => $name] = $data;
    

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69. Class Constant Visibility
    PHP
    7.1
    

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70. [PHP 7.1] Class Constant Visibility
    class ConstDemo
    {
    public const PUBLIC_CONST_B = 1;
    protected const PROTECTED_CONST = 2;
    private const PRIVATE_CONST = 4;
    }
    

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71. Generator Return Expressions
    Generator Delegation ( yield from )
    ReflectionGenerator Class
    Unicode Escape Syntax
    IntlChar Class
    Filtered unserialize()
    Multi-catch Exception Handling
    iterable pseudo-type
    Expectations via assert()
    intdiv() Function
    New session_start() Options
    Constant Arrays via define()
    Closure::call() Method
    Multi-level dirname() w/ New Arg
    Negative string offsets ( $str[-2])
    Closure::fromCallable() Method
    Additional New Features in PHP 7.x
    7.1
    

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72. what has been
    changed?
    part three
    

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73. i.e.,
    what has been
    broken ?
    part three
    

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74. Throwing New Things
    

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75. Exception
    RuntimeException LogicException
    PHP 5 Exception Hierarchy
    

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76. Error
    TypeError ParseError
    ArithmeticError
    PHP 7 Error Hierarchy
    

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77. Error
    TypeError ParseError
    ArithmeticError
    PHP 7 Throwable Top-Level Interface
    Throwable
    Exception
    RuntimeException LogicException
    

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78. Exceptions, Errors, and Throwables
    ● Fatal errors are now a type of exception, or Throwable
    ● To catch anything, catch Throwable
    ● Be careful with functions type hinting for Exception,
    because they may end up receiving a Throwable instead
    ● Parsing errors when using eval() now throw ParseError
    ● Dividing by zero now throws a DivisionByZeroError
    

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79. More Consistent Syntax
    

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80. Uniform Variable Syntax
    ● PHP uses an AST under-the-hood now
    ● Better consistency at the cost of minor
    backward-incompatibility issues
    ● Handling of variables/functions is left-to-right always
    ● When in doubt, add { } or ( )
    

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81. Uniform Variable Syntax – Examples
    

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82. Forbid Dynamic Scope Funcs
    PHP
    7.1
    

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83. [PHP 7.1] Forbid Dynamic Scope Functions
    Can no longer dynamically call the following functions:
    assert()
    compact()
    extract()
    func_get_args()
    func_get_arg()
    func_num_args()
    get_defined_vars()
    mb_parse_str()
    parse_str()
    

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84. Not All Extensions Available
    

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85. GoPHP7-ext
    http://gophp7.org/gophp7-ext/
    

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86. Removed the Rubbish
    

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87. Removed and/or Deprecated
    ● mysql, mssql, and ereg extensions are gone
    (Use mysqli/pdo, and pcre like you’ve already been doing)
    ● PHP 4 style constructors deprecated
    class Foo { function Foo($bar) { … } }
    ● Can no longer assign-by-reference with new
    $foo =& new Foo();
    ● Can no longer repeat parameter names
    function foo($fizz, $_, $_, $buzz) { … }
    

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88. Removed and/or Deprecated (cont.)
    ● Static calls to non-static methods deprecated
    class Foo { function bar() { … } }
    Foo::bar();
    ● No more E_STRICT errors.
    ● No more alternative PHP tags
    ( )
    ● Can no longer have multiple default blocks in a switch
    (They were ignored before, now they cause an error)
    

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89. more
    resources
    appendix
    

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90. Upgrading to PHP 7
    ● Upgrade to PHP 5.6, if you aren’t there yet
    ● Review the migration guides and your code
    ● For libraries, use travis-ci.org to run your tests on PHP 7
    ● Use 3v4l.org to try out code snippets
    ● Use “The Cloud”, Docker, and/or Vagrant for testing
    ● Homebrew has PHP 7
    

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91. Migration Guide
    http://php.net/manual/en/migration70.php
    

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92. Thanks!
    By Jeremy Lindblom
    @jeremeamia
    McGraw-Hill Education
    

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