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為什麼 App 卡卡的
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Johnlin
November 08, 2020
Programming
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為什麼 App 卡卡的
iPlayground 2020 Keynote
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Transcript
Safe Area @johnlinvc ҝॄኄ App 㠡㠡తʁ John Lin ( @johnlinvc
)
Safe Area @johnlinvc John Lin (@johnlinvc) • ኺ iPhone OS
2 ։࢝ሜ Obj-Cɻ • લࡏ West Pharmaceutical ᙛ DevOpsɻ ሢሜڅ։ᚙऀʢแؚࣗݾʣ༻త۩ɻ ؐ༗मผਓత Bugɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc تᓣჩՃࣾ܈׆ಈ Functional Tuesday Ruby Taiwan Elixier Taiwan
Taipei.py Clojure Taiwan
Safe Area @johnlinvc Swift Taipei • ኺ 2016 1/14։࢝ɼࡏ㑌ݸ݄తୈҰݸᜌ፨ೋᎯ㭎ɻ౸લቮៃ㭎ྃ
ۙ 60 ࣍ᡉ။ɻ • ఏڙେՈҰݸೳⴺ์ᱷ౼ Swift తํɻ • ڧྗ㐸ٻߨऀதɻཁ Swift ඍ༗૬᮫తඇৗᓣܴɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ৗৗࡏݚ౼။্ڗ RubyConf CN
Safe Area @johnlinvc iPlayground • ڈྃ iOSDC Japan ޙ᧷ಘᖯጯ֘༗ •
ᙛങྃ iosdc.tw Ҭɻ • ޙိܾఆཁڣ iPlaygroundɻ iosdc.tw ။ಋ౸ iplayground.io
Safe Area @johnlinvc ୈҰ࣍ߨ Keynote • ᅳ㚎֎ߨྃेز࣍ɼײँओ㭎ํڅզṜݸػ။ိᙛ Keynote ߨऀɻ •
ऴԙՄҎ༻ Keynote ိ၏ Keynote ྃɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc
Safe Area @johnlinvc iPlayground తओ • ᙛવؐੋᅴ៴ࡏ App (ෆੋ˖ʽҰʽҰ) ্,ɻ
• ڗ૬᮫తመʢҏཕʣៃᱛɻ • ୳ࡧߋଟ։ᚙ্తՄೳੑɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc Ұݸ App తᑍ݅ 1. ූ߹ۀधٻɻ 2. ༻ىိॱखɻ
3. Optional<ඬ྄తఔࣜᛰ>ɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc Ұݸ App తᑍ݅ 1. ූ߹ۀधٻɻ 2. ༻ىိॱखɻ
3. Optional<ඬ྄తఔࣜᛰ>ɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ၏աҰਞࢠతਓػհ໘ݚڀ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ॄኄੋॱख • ֎᧺ඬ྄ • ᔒ༗ਓྨతૢ࡞ྲྀఔ • ߦҝූ߹༻ऀ༬ظ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ॄኄੋॱख • ֎᧺ඬ྄ • ᔒ༗ਓྨతૢ࡞ྲྀఔ • ߦҝූ߹༻ऀ༬ظ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ༻ऀ༬ظతߦҝ • ༻ऀత༌ೖཁ༗దᙛతճᰶɻ • ྗճᰶɻ • ࢹ᧷ճᰶɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ྗճᰶ • ଧ伴൫త࣌ީ௨ৗෆ။伴൫ɻ ػց伴൫తྗճᰶᩋզ၇҈ىိൺֱਅመɻ • iPhone 7/8
্తHome伴ɻ ଖመੋݻఆతɼᯪಈᩋզ၇ײ᧷༗҈Լڈతײ᧷ɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ࢹ᧷ճᰶ • ᦊນ্త༻ऀհ໘ੋࢹ᧷ճᰶతҰ෦ɻ • ᴍ㐝ޙతճᰶɼ૾ੋબᎩޙతᏓ৭ɼ ҃ੋҠಈ౸ԼҰݸᙘ໘ɻ •
䇪ಈޙతճᰶɼ૾ੋᰖֹࣔ֎త㚎༰ɼ ҃ੋҠಈᙘ໘্తᱪɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ॄኄੋ㠡㠡తʁ • ䷩㘸㠡㠡తɻ • ᙘ໘ෆ࿈᠃ɻ • ༌ೖ౸ࢹ᧷ճᰶత࣌ؒࠩଠɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ᙘ໘త࿈᠃ੑ • ਅመੈքతᱪతҠಈੋ࿈᠃తɻ • ࡏᰖࣔᱪҠಈ࣌ɼՌਓ؟ೳⴺᚙݱ தؒ༗ඃաతᙘ໘ɻब။᧷ಘ㠡㠡తɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ਓ؟తහ㕔 • 1991 తݚڀɻࢹਆៃࡉ๔ሣᦊນરᗜతጯɻ • ༻ిۃఁଌਓᱪࢹਆៃሣ CRT
ᦊນરᗜతጯɻ • Human electroretinogram responses to video displays, fluorescent lighting, and other high frequency sources
Safe Area @johnlinvc ਓ؟ՄҎ౸ 76 Hz తરᗜ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ༌ೖ౸ࢹ᧷ճᰶత࣌ؒࠩ • ਅመੈքతᱪडྗޙ။ཱࠁҠಈɼ ᔒ༗Կ࣌ؒࠩɻ • ༻ऀૢ࡞ޙաྃଠٱ࠽㗞ੜࢹ᧷ճᰶతɼ ब။᧷ಘ㠡㠡తɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ճᰶཁଟշ࠽ⴺշ • 2015 తݚڀɼ ଌࢼ༻ऀሣᨀ߇༌ೖతࢹ᧷ճᰶԆᬌ త༰ɻ •
How Much Faster is Fast Enough? User Perception of Latency & Latency Improvements in Direct and Indirect Touch
Safe Area @johnlinvc ճᰶཁଟշ࠽ⴺշ • ሣԙᴍ㐝䇪፮༗ෆಉత༰ɻ • ᴍ㐝 69 ms
• 䇪፮ 11 ms
Safe Area @johnlinvc ҝॄኄ။㠡㠡తʁ
Safe Area @johnlinvc > զ၇ိҰݸ؆ᄸతɿզ၇ॴሜաతఔࣜɼେଟੋኺ಄౸ඌɺ ҰߦҰߦԟԼࣥߦɼࣥߦඟɼఔࣜब݁ଋʀಹኄɼҰݸ GUI ጯ༻ఔࣜ —ແੋզ၇ݱࡏਖ਼ࡏላशత iOS
ᢛ Mac OS Xɺؐੋଖଞฏ—ҝॄኄ ෆੋଧ։೭ޙҰ࿏ࣥߦ౸ఈ݁ଋɼࣕੋ။ఀཹࡏᦊນதզ၇ૢ࡞ʁ KKBOX iOS/Mac OS X جૅ։ᚙڭࡐ
Safe Area @johnlinvc Run loop
Safe Area @johnlinvc Ұݸ loop ཫ໘ཁ၏తࣄ ߋ৽ᙘ໘ Auto Release ᨀᚙ
Timer Ꮕࣄ݅ ႔ཧࣄ݅
Safe Area @johnlinvc Run Loop ᔒ༗ݻఆతिظ • ཁ౸ݱ༗త loop 䋯೭ޙɼ࠽။䋯ԼҰݸ
loopɻ • Ռࡏ Event Handler ཫ໘၏ྃଠଟࣄɼब။ᩋԼҰݸ loop Ԇޙ։ ࢝ɻ 0 35 70 105 140 Loop 1 Loop 2 Loop 2
Safe Area @johnlinvc Ұݸ loop Ֆྃଠଟ࣌ؒ • ႔ཧಈա 11 ms
=> ಈ㠡㠡త • ႔ཧᴍ㐝ա 69 ms => ᴍ㐝㠡㠡త
Safe Area @johnlinvc ղܾํ๏ • ॏෳར༻ view/cell/asset ɻ • ར༻ଟ֩৺႔ཧثɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ղܾํ๏ • ॏෳར༻ view/cell/asset ɻ • ར༻ଟ֩৺႔ཧثɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ॏෳ༻ View/Cell • UICollectionView dequeueReusableCell(withReuseIdentifier:for:) • UIImage
Cached: init(named:) Not Cached: init(contentsOfFile:) • MKMapView dequeueReusableAnnotationView(withIdentifier:)
Safe Area @johnlinvc Reusable • https://github.com/AliSoftware/Reusable • ՄҎ༻ Type Safe
తํ๏ိఆٛ Reuse identifier. final class CustomCell: UITableViewCell, Reusable tableView.register(cellType: theCellClass.self) let cell = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(for: indexPath) as MyCustomCell
Safe Area @johnlinvc ղܾํ๏ • ॏෳར༻ view/cell/asset ɻ • ར༻ଟ֩৺႔ཧثɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ଟ֩৺႔ཧث • iPhone 12 ্༗ 6 ݸ
CPU ֩৺ɻ • ՄҎಉ࣌ࣥߦଟݸࣥߦॹɻ • ཁࣄࢄ౸֤ݸ֩৺ɼबՄҎॖ run loop ႔ཧ࣌ؒɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ࡏผత thread ၏ࣄతํ๏ • Dispatch • Combine
Safe Area @johnlinvc ࡏผత thread ၏ࣄతํ๏ • Dispatch • Combine
Safe Area @johnlinvc Dispatch • ༻ Obj-C block & Swift
closure ိ෧ Thread APIɻ • جຊ্बੋ code 㟚౸ queue ཫɼሏब။㢨㟬ࣥߦɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc Dispatch • ༻ DispatchQueue.async बՄҎᩋ code ࡏผత
Thread 䋯ɻ DispatchQueue.global(qos: .background).async { // code to run }
Safe Area @johnlinvc Refactoring legacy and concurrent thread API with
Testing
Safe Area @johnlinvc ࡏผత thread ၏ࣄతํ๏ • Dispatch • Combine
Safe Area @johnlinvc Combine • ༻એࠂࣜతޠ๏ိఆٛࢿྉᢛࣄ݅႔ཧྲྀఔɻ • Scheduler ՄҎઃఆཁࡏ䬟Ұݸ Thread
্႔ཧࢿྉᢛࣄ݅ɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc Combine • ՄҎ༻ receive(on:) Thread/Queue Just(1)
.map { _ in print(Thread.isMainThread) } // true .receive(on: DispatchQueue.global()) .map { print(Thread.isMainThread) } // false .sink { print(Thread.isMainThread) } // false
Safe Area @johnlinvc ଧ։ Combine తҾ№֖ိ
Safe Area @johnlinvc UIKit ೳࡏ main Thread ݺڣ • UIKit
ᔒ༗ Thread Safetyɻ • ࡏผతํݺڣత။༗ Error ɻ • UI API called on a background thread: -[UIView initWithFrame:]
Safe Area @johnlinvc ආ໔ UIKit thread • ࡏ Dispatch
ཫ༻ DispatchQueue.main ճ Main Thread • ࡏ Combine ཫ༻ receive(on:) ճ Main Thread • ༻ SwiftUI
Safe Area @johnlinvc ආ໔ UIKit thread • ࡏ Dispatch
ཫ༻ DispatchQueue.main ճ Main Thread • ࡏ Combine ཫ༻ receive(on:) ճ Main Thread • ༻ SwiftUI
Safe Area @johnlinvc Swift UI • એࠂࣜత UI Frameworkɻ •
ލฏɻ • Auto Layoutɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ༻ Swift UI struct ContentView: View {
@State var clickCount : Int = 0 var body: some View { Button(action: add) { Text("\(clickCount)") .font(.system(size: 120)) } } func add() { clickCount += 1 } }
Safe Area @johnlinvc ༻ Swift UI struct ContentView: View {
@State var clickCount : Int = 0 var body: some View { Button(action: add) { Text("\(clickCount)") .font(.system(size: 120)) } } func add() { clickCount += 1 } }
Safe Area @johnlinvc ༻ Swift UI struct ContentView: View {
@State var clickCount : Int = 0 var body: some View { Button(action: add) { Text("\(clickCount)") .font(.system(size: 120)) } } func add() { DispatchQueue.global().async{ clickCount += 1 } } }
Safe Area @johnlinvc ༻ Swift UI struct ContentView: View {
@State var clickCount : Int = 0 var body: some View { Button(action: add) { Text("\(clickCount)") .font(.system(size: 120)) } } func add() { DispatchQueue.global().async{ clickCount += 1 } } }
Safe Area @johnlinvc ༻ Swift UI • ߋ৽UI ௨ৗੋಁա @State
property wrapperɻ • @State ੋ Thread safe తɻՄҎኺԿ Thread मվଞతᆴɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ղܾํ๏ • ॏෳར༻ view/cell/asset ɻ • ར༻ଟ֩৺႔ཧثɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ෆಓኺ䬟։࢝վʁ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ෧ʂ෧ʂ࠶෧ʂզཁҝ෧େࢣʂ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ์։ಹݸ MVC
Safe Area @johnlinvc खखት㟬༻ Clean Swift ॏߏ MVC, ฒସ֩৺ఔࣜᛰḤ ሜᄸݩଌࢼ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ዑվᆦʁዑվଠٱʁ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ኺᘐཱ։ᚙ౸େܕሢҊత CI/CD ߈ུ
Safe Area @johnlinvc iOS ։ᚙऀ 13 ഒٕ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ࡏผత thread ၏ࣄతํ๏ • Dispatch • Combine
Safe Area @johnlinvc Ռ֩৺શᕝྃʁ • ਅత༗ଠଟࣄཁ၏ɼबࢉ༻ྃ Dispatch/Combine/async ။㠡ʁ • ਅతᔒ༗㭎๏ྃ䆩ʁ
Safe Area @johnlinvc 㟬༗ᔒ༗աʁ • ᙛఔࣜ㠡ॅత࣌ީɼॴ༗తૢ࡞။㠡ॅɻ • ༗Ұछૢ࡞ෆ။ɼܥ౷㚎ݐతɻ૾ੋ Home 伴ɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ҝॄኄ Home 伴័ੋ༗༻ʁ • ཧ্ɼᙛఔࣜ㠡ࡏ run loop
தత࣌ީɼੋᔒ㭎๏Ꮕᨀ߇ࣄ݅తɻ • طવᔒ㭎๏Ꮕࣄ݅ɼ্తखጯ֘ᔒ༗Կ࡞༻࠽ሣʁ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ిᡵՊላܯࠂ ిᡵՊላ ࠷৽తᐽՍ ೈᱪఔࢣ
Safe Area @johnlinvc Darwin-XNU macOS & iOS ༻తఈ ֩৺ Mach
ੋඍ֩৺ BSD ఏڙ POSIX & Unix API
Safe Area @johnlinvc ࣌ܥ౷ • iPhone 12 ༗ݸ֩৺ɼୠੋզ၇ჟՄҎಉ࣌䋯্ඦݸ DispatchQueue/Threadɻ •
ҼҝҰݸ֩৺্ՄҎಁա࣌ܥ౷䋯աҰݸthreadɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ࣌ܥ౷ Thread
Safe Area @johnlinvc Context Switch • લఔࣜతهԱᱪଘثత㚎༰ ه㑚ىိɻ • ԼҰݸఔࣜతهԱᱪଘثత㚎༰
ኺه㑚ཫճ෴ɻ • PC (Program CounterʣࢦԼҰݸఔࣜɼ बੋ߇੍ᒟަڅԼҰݸఔࣜɻ Thread
Safe Area @johnlinvc Context Switch • ࡞ۀܥ౷ཁዎኄ߇੍ᒟ፤ճိʁ • ߹࡞ࣜɿࡏಛఆ࡞ۀ࣌ •
ඇ߹࡞ࣜɿ࡞ۀܥ౷ܾఆ Thread
Safe Area @johnlinvc Context Switch • ࡞ۀܥ౷ཁዎኄ߇੍ᒟ፤ճိʁ • ߹࡞ࣜɿࡏಛఆ࡞ۀ࣌ •
ඇ߹࡞ࣜɿ࡞ۀܥ౷ܾఆ Thread
Safe Area @johnlinvc ߹࡞ࣜ • ᙛఔࣜࣥߦ system call ࣌ (
IO, ݐཱ Threadʣ။߇੍ᒟަؐڅ࡞ۀ ܥ౷ɼṜݸ࣌ީब༗ػ။၏ɻ • ᙛఔࣜࣥߦඇ๏ࢦྩ࣌ (1/0, ᩇෆ߹๏తهԱᱪҐஔʣ။ᨀᚙ trapɼṜ ࣌ީܥ౷။औಘ߇੍ᒟɼ༗ػ။၏ɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ߹࡞ࣜత • ՌఔࣜӬԕෆݺڣsystem call ɻ૾ੋԼ໘Ṝᒬɼब။Ӭԕᔒ㭎๏ ɻ •
for true { 1+1} • MacOS 9 Ҏલੋ༻߹࡞ࣜɼॴҎᄸҰఔࣜ༗Մೳ㠡ॅݸܥ౷
Safe Area @johnlinvc Run loop ੋҰछ߹࡞ࣜ • 㑌Ұ࣍త loop ཁ
Event Handler ႔ཧ࠽။ਐԼҰݸ loopɻ • Dispatch ཁݱࡏత task ႔ཧ࠽။ަग़߇੍ᒟɻ • ॴҎ༗ԿҰݸ Event/Task ႔ཧଠٱɼ App ब။㠡ॅɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc Context Switch • ࡞ۀܥ౷ཁዎኄ߇੍ᒟ፤ճိʁ • ߹࡞ࣜɿࡏಛఆ࡞ۀ࣌ •
ඇ߹࡞ࣜɿ࡞ۀܥ౷ܾఆ Thread
Safe Area @johnlinvc ඇ߹࡞ࣜ • ܥ౷ཁ߇੍ᒟަڅԼҰݸ࣌ɼ။ઃఆҰݸߗᱪܭ࣌ثɻ • ܭ࣌ث࣌ؒ౸ޙ။ᨀᚙҰݸTrapɼ߇੍ᒟڧ੍ަڅܥ౷ɻ • Ռ࣌ؒ౸લबަճ߇੍ᒟతɼबॏஔܭ࣌ثɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc 0x8BADF00D • Ռ༗ఔࣜաྃٱᔒ༗ਐలɻ • Darwin ။⬏ಈ WatchDog
Timerɻಹݸఔࣜऴࢭɻ • ࡨޡᛰबੋ 0x8BADF00D, ate bad foodɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc Darwin-XNU ༻ඇ߹࡞ࣜ • ᙛᄸҰఔࣜ㠡ॅత࣌ީɼෆ။Өڹଖଞఔࣜɻ • ᙛ App
㠡ॅత࣌ީɼ SpringBoard ෆ။ඃӨڹɼॴҎ Home ؐੋՄҎ ਖ਼ৗӡ࡞ɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ᩋ Run loop ༻ඇ߹࡞? • ઃఆ㑌ݸ loop
ՄҎ༻ိ႔ཧ Event త࣌ؒɻᙛ࣌ؒ౸త࣌ީबڧ੍ަ ग़߇੍ᒟɻ • ԼҰݸ loop ࠶᠃߶߶ᔒ၏తࣄɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc Bringing Theory Into Practice: A Userspace Library
for Multicore Real-Time Scheduling • ࡏ Linux త Userspace ্ࣥߦత noncooperative schedulerɻ • ՄҎࡏ༻ऀతఔࣜ㚎ٖ OS తɻ • बੋ㘸ɼՄҎᩋ UI ෆ။㠡ॅɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc Մೳతመ࡞ํ๏ • ಛత Combine Scheduler ɼᙛ࣌ؒ౸बఀࢭɼԼҰݸ loop
ࣗಈॏ ࢼɻ • Swift main branch መᱛதత Async/Await + Actorɼᙛᔒ༗ڞڗهԱᱪ ࣌ɼtask बՄҎॏࢼᔒ༗ෆཁత෭࡞༻ɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc run loop ඇ߹࡞త᠍ᴍ • ᔒሜతɼՄೳ။༗ଟ࣍త෭࡞༻ɼ૾ੋ print 䋯ྃၷ࣍ɻ
• ᙘ໘Մೳ။༗ෆతߋ৽ɻҼҝߋ৽౸ҰबඃதᏗྃɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc UIKit SwiftUI ඇ߹࡞ࣜ run loop ༏ᴍ
࠷ख़ ՄҎॴ༗తࣄ Ҡ౸ଖଞ Thread ሜग़ိతAppҰఆෆ ။㠡㠡 ᠍ᴍ ࠷ሜग़ෆ။㠡㠡 తApp ؐෆख़ ᙘ໘Մೳߋ৽ෆશ ૾ؐᔒ༗ਓ၏
Safe Area @johnlinvc ॄኄੋ App 㠡㠡 ? • ᙘ໘తߋ৽සԙ 76Hz
• ಈա 11 ms ᔒ༗ճᰶ • ᴍ㐝ա 69 ms ᔒ༗ճᰶ
Safe Area @johnlinvc App 㠡㠡త • Run loop తҰݸ loop
䋯ྃଠٱɻ䇪౸ྃԼҰݸ loopɻ • ᔒ㭎๏ߋ৽ᙘ໘ɻ • ᔒ㭎๏Ꮕ༌ೖɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc App 㠡㠡త႔ཧํ๏ • ॖӡࢉ࣌ؒɼ༻շऔɼCell Reuseɻ • ༻
GCD, Combine ိࣄҠ౸ run loop ֎ࣥߦɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc ະိల • Async / Await ՄҎᩋզ၇ߋ༰қࣄҠ౸ଖଞ Thread
႔ཧɻ • 㘸ෆఆՄҎࡏ App 㚎၏ඇ߹࡞ࣜ schedulingɼ༗ڵझతՄҎိҰ ىݚڀݚڀɻ
Safe Area @johnlinvc References • https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18738453/how-does-the-compiler- know-a-button-has-been-pressed/18739381 • https://www.objc.io/issues/3-views/moving-pixels-onto-the-screen/ •
https://zonble.gitbooks.io/kkbox-ios-dev/content/responder/run_loop.html • http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~remzi/OSTEP/ • https://yuriktech.com/2020/03/07/User-Space-Scheduling/ • Apple Developer Documentation
Safe Area @johnlinvc References • https://semianalysis.com/apples-a14-packs-134-million-transistors- mm2-but-falls-far-short-of-tsmcs-density-claims/ • https://ckitakishi.com/2016/08/17/WatchDog- %E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6/
Safe Area @johnlinvc Q&A • ӨยతҐஔࡏ https://bit.ly/3n4rZO4 • John Lin
Twitter: @johnlinvc • ᓣܴိ Swift Taipei ڗ҃ᡅᡅ