밑바닥부터 시작하는 LLM 개발기

,BOBOB--.MJOFVQ

1SF - USBJOJOHࢿמ QSF - USBJOJOH ױ҅о ՘դ ,BOBOB /BOP
&TTFODF੄ ࢿמ਷ ࠺तೠ ௼ӝ੄ MMBNBC MMBNBC؀࠺ೠҴয ࣻ೟ ௏٘ҙ۲߮஖݃௼ীࢲજ਷ࢿמਸഛࠁೣ

1PTU - USBJOJOHࢿמ QPTU - USBJOJOH ױ҅о ՘դ ,BOBOB /BOP
&TTFODF੄ ࢿמ਷ ࠺तೠ ௼ӝ੄ MMBNBC MMBNBC؀࠺ೠҴয৬௏٘ҙ۲߮஖݃௼੄ࢿמ੉਋ࣁೞݴ Ӓ৻ীח࠺Үೡ݅ೠࣻળ੐

1SF - USBJOJOH ӣࠁࢼNBUNVM -BOHVBHF.PEFM5SBJOJOH

%BUBTUSBUFHZ 5SBJOJOHTUSBUFHZ 'VSUIFSXPSL

%BUBTUSBUFHZ ؘ੉ఠܳࣻ૘ೞחױ҅ীࢲࠗఠUXP - TUBHFEQSFUSBJOJOHਸҊ۰ TUBHFীࢲחEJWFSTJUZҗRVBOUJUZ ী૘઺ೠ׮ݶ TUBHFীࢲחؘ੉ఠ੄RVBMJUZژחHPBMী૘઺ೞחഋక੐ ইېח৘द

%BUBTUSBUFHZ 5о۝੄ష௾ਸ೟णীࢎਊೞחѪীޙઁоহחۄ੉ࣃझ FH BQBDIF DD - CZ١ ী೧׼ೞח ݈ޡ஖ٜ۽ࠗఠࣻ૘ೞҊ ੉ܳHPBM߹۽࠙ܨೣ
(PBM ೟णীࢎਊоמ   ৘द ೟णীࢎਊࠛоמ   ৘द DPNNPOTFOTF HFOFSBMLOPXMFEHF ݽف੄݈ޡ஖   Ҵ݀Ҵযਗ ੷੘ӂ੉੓חनޙӝࢎ TUFN ؀ӏݽҳݒبࢲӝ߈ೠҴয݈ޡ ஖ؘ੉ఠীࢲ45&.ҙ۲ղਊٜ   "*)VC LDJ֤ޙٜ DPEF QFSNJTTJWFMJDFOTFী೧׼ೞ ௏٘ޡ஖ٜ OPMJDFOTF੉Ѣա QFSNJTTJWFMJDFOTF оইצ௏٘ޡ஖ٜ XJLJQFEJB ೠҴযਤఃೖ٣ই աޖਤః

%BUBTUSBUFHZ 'JOF8FC %$-.CBTFMJOFҗਬࢎೠؘ੉ఠ੹୊ܻܳHPBM੉DPNNPOTFOTFHFOFSBMLOPXMFEHFী ೧׼ೞח݈ޡ஖ٜী؀೧ࢲࣻ೯ೣ 63-'JMUFSJOH -BOHVBHF fi MUFSJOH 5FYUFYUSBDUJPO )FVSJTUJD
fi MUFSJOH   FHHPQIFS fi OFXFC .JOIBTIEFEVQMJDBUJPO 1**SFNPWBM

%BUBTUSBUFHZ UXP - TUBHFEQSF - USBJOJOHਸҊ۰ೞৈ HPBM੉DPNNPOTFOTFHFOFSBMLOPXMFEHFੋೠҴয   ৔য݈ޡ஖ীRVBMJUZҙ۲੼ࣻ
FH FEVDBUJPOBMTDPSF ஏ੿ਸदبೞҊ੗ೞ৓਺ Below is an extract from a web page. Evaluate whether the page has a high educational value and could be useful in an educational setting for teaching from primary school to grade school levels using the additive 5-point scoring system described below. Points are accumulated based on the satisfaction of each criterion: - Add 1 point if the extract provides some basic information relevant to educational topics, even if it includes some irrelevant or non-academic content like advertisements and promotional material. - Add another point if the extract addresses certain elements pertinent to education but does not align closely with educational standards. It might mix educational content with non-educational material, offering a superficial overview of potentially useful topics, or presenting information in a disorganized manner and incoherent writing style. - Award a third point if the extract is appropriate for educational use and introduces key concepts relevant to school curricula. It is coherent though it may not be comprehensive or could include some extraneous information. It may resemble an introductory section of a textbook or a basic tutorial that is suitable for learning but has notable limitations like treating concepts that are too complex for grade school students. - Grant a fourth point if the extract highly relevant and beneficial for educational purposes for a level not higher than grade school, exhibiting a clear and consistent writing style. It could be similar to a chapter from a textbook or a tutorial, offering substantial educational content, including exercises and solutions, with minimal irrelevant information, and the concepts aren't too advanced for grade school students. The content is coherent, focused, and valuable for structured learning. - Bestow a fifth point if the extract is outstanding in its educational value, perfectly suited for teaching either at primary school or grade school. It follows detailed reasoning, the writing style is easy to follow and offers profound and thorough insights into the subject matter, devoid of any non-educational or complex content. The extract: <EXAMPLE>. After examining the extract: - Briefly justify your total score, up to 100 words. - Conclude with the score using the format: "Educational score: <total points>" 5IF'JOF8FC%BUBTFUT%FDBOUJOHUIF8FCGPSUIF'JOFTU5FYU%BUBBU4DBMF

%BUBTUSBUFHZ ೠҴযੌ҃਋FEVDBUJPOBMTDPSFܳஏ੿ೞҊ੗ೞ৓Ҋ ੉ܳਤ೧--. FH (15P җ'BTU5FYUܳ   ੉ਊೞৈ&EVTDPSFSܳ೟णदఇ IJHIFEVDBUJPOBM MPXFEVDBUJPOBM
--.XJUI   &EVDBUJPOBMQSPNQU $VSBUFETBNQMF GSPNDPSQVT &EVTDPSFS   'BTU5FYUNPEFM

%BUBTUSBUFHZ &EVTDPSFSܳѨૐೞӝਤ೧MMBNBCীDPOUJOVBMQSF - USBJOJOHਸदبೠѾҗ ೟णೠFEVTDPSFSܳ ࢎਊ೧ࢲ࢚؀੸ਵ۽IJHIRVBMJUZܳо૑ب۾TUBHFਊؘ੉ఠܳҳࢿೡࣻ੓਺ਸഛੋೣ

%BUBTUSBUFHZ ৔যী ؀೧ࢲח TUBHFҗ TUBHFী ೟ण ؘ੉ఠܳ ҳࢿೞӝਤ೧ %BUB$PNQ-.
োҳীࢲ ࢎਊೞח 'BTU5FYUӝ߈੄RVBMJUZҙ۲ݽ؛ਸഝਊೣ %BUB$PNQ - -.*OTFBSDIPGUIFOFYUHFOFSBUJPOPGUSBJOJOHTFUTGPSMBOHVBHFNPEFMT 'JMUFS $03& &95&/%&% 3F fi OFE8FCSFQSPEVDUJPO 5PQCZ1BHFSBOL 4FN%FEVQ $MBTTJ fi FSPO#(&GFBUVSFT "TL--. 1FSQMFYJUZ fi MUFSJOH 5PQ - LBWFSBHFMPHJUT GBTU5FYU0) &-* Table 4: Quality filtering comparison (1B-1x scale). We evaluate various choices for   model-based quality filters. Training a fastText classifier for filtering performs best. %BUBTFU 5ISFT IPME $03& ..-6 &95&/%&% 0) &-* 8JLJQFEJB 0QFO8FC5FYU (15"QQSPY 0) &-* 0) &-* Table 5: fastText ablations (7B-1x scale). We ablate choices for the positive data (top) and threshold (bottom). 'Dataset' is positive set for fastText, while the negatives are randomly sampled from RefinedWeb. 'Threshold' is the percentile used for filtering based on fastText scores. "GPT-3 Approx" refers to a uniform mix of Wikipedia, OpenWebText2, and RPJ Books, as in [30]

%BUBTUSBUFHZ HPBM੉DPEFੋ҃਋TUBHFীࢲחয়೑ࣗझ௏݈٘ޡ஖ੋTUBSDPEFSEBUB৬5IF4UBDL7ਤ઱۽   ҳࢿೞҊ TUBHFীࢲחTUBHF݈ޡ஖ীࢲҎۄմQZUIPOҙ۲ؘ੉ఠ৬୶о۽4'5ؘ੉ఠࣇਸ઱۽ഝਊೣ

%BUBTUSBUFHZ 5IF4UBDL7ীࢲQFSNJTTJWFMJDFOTFী೧׼ೞחؘ੉ఠ݅ࢎਊೣHPBM੉TUFNੋ҃਋بDPEF৬ਬࢎ   ೞѱTUBHFীࢲ4'5ؘ੉ఠࣇ ࣻ೟ҙ۲ ਸࢎਊ ߮஖݃௼ী؀೧ࢲEFDPOUBNJOBUJPOਸࣻ೯ೞৈࢎਊೣ $IFDLQFSNJTTJWFMJDFOTF # #
5IF4UBDL7   USBJOTNPMJET UBSHFU CFODINBSLT LFFQSBUFT fi OBMUPLFOT TGUGPSTUFN   NBUITQFDJ fi D HTNL ."5) C TGUGPSDPEF IVNBOFWBM NCQQ C

%BUBTUSBUFHZ HPBM੉XJLJQFEJBੋ݈ޡ஖ٜ੄҃਋TUBHFীࢲחೠҴয ৔যܳನೣೠѐ঱যী؀ೠXJLJQFEJBܳ   ࢎਊೞҊ TUBHF੄҃਋ীחೠҴয ৔যܳ઺बਵ۽ҳࢿೣ 3FHJPOT -BOHVBHFT 8FTUFSO&VSPQF
(FSNBO 'SFODI 4QBOJTI 1PSUVHVFTF *UBMJBO %VUDI &BTUFSO$FOUSBM&VSPQF 3VTTJBO $[FDI 1PMJTI .JEEMF&BTU "SBCJD 1FSTJBO )FCSFX 5VSLJTI &BTUFSO"TJB +BQBOFTF $IJOFTF 4PVUI - &BTUFSO"TJB 7JFUOBNFTF 5IJB *OEPOFTJBO .BMBZ -BP #VSNFTF $FCVBOP ,INFS 5BHBMPH 4PVUIFSO"TJB )JOEJ #FOHBMJ 6SEV

%BUBTUSBUFHZ ҕѐغয੓חਤఃೖ٣ই݈ޡ஖੄҃਋ࣻध୊ܻীޙઁо׮ࣻઓ੤ೣਸഛੋ TUBHFীࢲ઱۽૘઺ೞח   ೠҴয ৔যਤఃೖ٣ইীೠ೧ࢲ૒੽੹୊ܻܳࣻ೯ೞৈࢎਊೣ ߊࢤਗੋ ഥ੹ઝ಴҅ ഥ੹ઝ಴҅ ઝ಴҅Y
Z [৬ઝ಴҅Y Z [ਸࠁ੗فઝ಴҅੄ਗ੼਷э׮пп੄҃਋ী؀ ೧߭ఠ਷فઝ಴҅ীࢲ׮਺җэ੉಴दػ׮ Y Z [ઝ಴ Y Z [ઝ಴҅ ߭ఠ੄ղ੸ਸ੉ਊ೧Y Z [ܳ ਵ۽಴അೡࣻ੓׮ղ੸੄ߑߨ਷׮਺ җэ׮ ਵ۽಴അغחѪਸഛੋೡࣻ੓׮ ߊࢤਗੋ ഥ੹ઝ಴҅ ഥ੹ઝ಴҅ ઝ಴҅Y Z [৬ઝ಴҅Y Z [ਸࠁ੗فઝ಴҅੄ਗ੼਷э׮пп੄҃਋ী؀ ೧߭ఠ=NBUICG\S^਷فઝ಴҅ীࢲ׮਺җэ੉಴दػ׮ =NBUICG\S^Y=IBUY Z=IBUZ [=IBU[ Y Z [ઝ಴ =NBUICG\S^Y=IBUY Z=IBUZ [=IBU[ Y Z [ઝ಴҅ ߭ఠ੄ղ੸ਸ੉ਊ೧Y Z [ܳ =Y =IBUY =IBUY =Z =IBUZ =IBUZ =[ =IBU[ =IBU[ ਵ۽಴അೡࣻ੓׮ղ੸੄ߑߨ਷׮਺ җэ׮ =NBUICG\S^\=IBUY^Y Y=IBUY Z=IBUZ [=IBU[ =IBUY Y =IBUY=IBUY Z =IBUZ=IBUY [ =IBU[=IBUY =NBUICG\S^\=IBUZ^Z Y=IBUY Z=IBUZ [=IBU[ =IBUZ Y =IBUY=IBUZ Z =IBUZ=IBUZ [ =IBU[=IBUZ =NBUICG\S^\=IBU[^[ Y=IBUY Z=IBUZ [=IBU[ =IBU[ Y =IBUY=IBU[ Z =IBUZ=IBU[ [ =IBU[=IBU[ ਵ۽಴അغחѪਸഛੋೡࣻ੓׮ ௏ܻৢܻബҗਤఃߔҗ ਋ܻݽف੄ߔҗࢎ੹ 0VST IUUQT IVHHJOHGBDFDPEBUBTFUTXJLJNFEJBXJLJQFEJB

%BUBTUSBUFHZ DPNQVUFCVEHFUਸҊ۰ೞৈࣻ૘ೠ5о۝੄ష௾઺ 5о۝ਵ۽TUBHF 5 TUBHF 5 ਸ   ҳࢿೣTUBHF੄҃਋HPBMр੄࠺ਯਸ׮নೠBCMBUJPOਸా೧Ѿ੿ೣ

,BOBOB   &TTFODF 5SBJOJOHTUSBUFHZ ,BOBOB &TTFODFܳ ݢ੷ ٜ݅Ҋ Ӕې
ഝߊೞѱ োҳغҊ੓ח QSVOJOH EJTUJMMBUJPO ӝߨਸ ੸ਊೞৈ ,BOBOB/BOPܳ೟णೞח੹ۚਸ଻ఖೣ ,BOBOB /BOP TUVEFOU 1SVOJOH %JTUJMMBUJPO   TUBHFEBUB SBOEPNJOJU 5XPTUBHFEQSF - USBJOJOH   TUBHF TUBHFEBUB

5SBJOJOHTUSBUFHZ ,BOBOB&TTFODF੄ҳઑחࢎप࢚಴ળੋMMBNB৬ਬࢎೠҳઑ۽ࢶ੿ ೟णߑध਷%FFL4FFL--.ীࢲ   ઁदೠߑߨۿ FH TDBMJOHMBX NVMUJ - TUFQMFBSOJOHSBUFTDIFEVMFS١
ٜਸࢎਊೣ %FFQ4FFL--.4DBMJOH0QFO - 4PVSDF-BOHVBHF.PEFMTXJUI-POHUFSNJTN 5JFFNCFEEJOH Y $POUFYUMFOHUI L )JEEFOMBZFST "UUFOUJPOIFBET ,FZWBMVFIFBET

5SBJOJOHTUSBUFHZ TUBHF ೟ण੄ HPBM ߹ EJTUSJCVUJPO ఐ࢝ਸ ਤ೧ # о۝੄
UPLFOਵ۽ BCMBUJPOਸ ૓೯ ೠҴয CFODINBSLੋLNNMV IBFSBF੄੼ࣻ৬৔যCFODINBSLੋNNMV੄੼ࣻ੄ಣӐਸ୭؀ചೞҊ੗ೣ ,..-6.FBTVSJOH.BTTJWF.VMUJUBTL-BOHVBHF6OEFSTUBOEJOHJO,PSFBO )"& - 3"&#FODI&WBMVBUJPOPG,PSFBO,OPXMFEHFJO-BOHVBHF.PEFMT )PXFWFS JUJTDSVDJBMUPOPUFUIBUXIJMFPG,..-6TDPOUFOUJTDVMUVSBMMZ TQFDJ fi D UIF SFNBJOEFS CSPBEMZ BTTFTTFT B MBOHVBHF NPEFMT HFOFSBM LOPXMFEHF JODMVEJOH BSFBT TVDI BT NBUIFNBUJDT XIJDI BSF VOJWFSTBMMZ BQQMJDBCMFBOEOPUJFEUPBOZQBSUJDVMBSDPVOUSZTLOPXMFEHFCBTF

5SBJOJOHTUSBUFHZ TUBHF੄BCMBUJPOप೷਷׮਺җэ੉૓೯ೣ BCMBUJPOCBTFMJOFਵ۽HPBM߹ࣻ૘ػUPLFOনীӝ߈ೠEJTUSJCVUJPOਸࢎਊೞח҃਋ BCMBUJPOHPBM੉DPNNPOTFOTFHFOFSBMLOPXMFEHFੋೠҴযUPLFOٜਸ੺߈݅   FQPDIT ࢎਊೞח҃਋
BCMBUJPOHPBM੉DPNNPOTFOTFHFOFSBMLOPXMFEHFੋೠҴযUPLFOٜਸNVMUJ - FQPDI   FQPDIT ਵ۽ࢎਊೞח҃਋ BCMBUJPOHPBM੉TUFNੋ৔যUPLFOٜਸNVMUJ - FQPDI FQPDIT ਵ۽ࢎਊೞח҃਋

5SBJOJOHTUSBUFHZ BCMBUJPOਸా೧ࢲഛੋೠѾҗ BCMBUJPO ݽفCBTFMJOF؀࠺ݽٚCFODINBSLীࢲࢿמ੉؊જও਺ BCMBUJPO਷BCMBUJPOҗ࠺ҮೞݶNNMVীࢲחծ૑݅ IBFSBFCFODINBSLীࢲח؊જ਺ਸഛੋೣ

5SBJOJOHTUSBUFHZ ੉Ѿҗܳ߄ఔਵ۽BCMBUJPOҗਸݽفࢶఖೣ؊ࠛয৔য݈ޡ஖ܳRVBMJUZӝ߈ਵ۽ࢶ߹ೞৈ೟णী   ࢎਊೠѾҗ #UPLFO೟णীࢲਬ੄޷ೠର੉ܳഛੋೣ੉ࢸ੿ਸTUBHF೟णীࢲࢎਊೣ

5SBJOJOHTUSBUFHZ ,BOBOB&TTFODF੄TUBHFQSF - USBJOJOH 5 ੉ઙܐػറ੄߮஖݃௼ࢿמ਷ইې৬э਺   ೠҴযҙ۲߮஖݃௼ীࢲח࢚؀੸ਵ۽֫਷ࢿמਸӝ۾ ࣻ೟җ௏٘ҙ۲߮஖݃௼ীࢲחৌਤܳࠁ੐ NNMV
  BDD TIPUT LNNMV   FN TIPUT IBFSBF   BDD@OPSN TIPUT HTNL   FN@TUSJDU TIPUT IVNBOFWBM   QBTT! TIPUT NCCQ   QBTT! TIPUT TUBHF MMBNBC

5SBJOJOHTUSBUFHZ TUBHFQSF - USBJOJOH 5 ীࢲTUBHF੄Ѿҗ؀࠺ࣻ೟җ௏٘ࢿמਸѐࢶೞӝਤ೧ о૑੄࠺Үܳ ਤೠ೟णਸࣻ೯ೞৈѐ߮஖݃௼੄ࢿמಣӐ੉؀ઑҵੋMMBNBCࠁ׮֫਷࠺Үҵਸ଺Ҋ੗ೣ

5SBJOJOHTUSBUFHZ TUBHFBCMBUJPOਸ૓೯ೞחҗ੿ীࢲ ইې৬э਷ղਊਸഛੋೡࣻ੓঻਺ TUBHF੄HPBM߹UPLFOEJTUSJCVUJPOਸਬ૑ೞҊ EBUB੄RVBMJUZ݅ѐࢶ೧بࢿמೱ࢚ؽ ੹୓੸ੋHPBM߹UPLFOEJTUSJCVUJPOਸઑ੿೧ঠೡ೙ਃо੓਺ TUFNؘ੉ఠ੄࠺઺ਸৢܻחѪ੉LNNMV੼࢚ࣻथীب਑੉ؽ
࢚؀੸ਵ۽IJHIRVBMJUZEBUBܳࢎਊೞח҃਋੉޲۽ MFBSOJOHSBUFܳ੸੺൤ࢎਊೞחѪ੉઺ਃೣ ੌ੿੿ب੄DPEF NBUIҙ۲JOTUSVDUJPOEBUBܳ୶оೞחѪ ౠ൤NBUIҙ۲CFODINBSLࢿמ   ૐ؀ীب਑੉ؽ

5SBJOJOHTUSBUFHZ BCMBUJPOTUBHF੄ؘ੉ఠ৬HPBM߹EJTUSJCVUJPOਸ TUBHFীࢲਬ૑ೠ଻۽೟ण BCMBUJPOTUBHF੄HPBM߹EJTUSJCVUJPOਸਬ૑ ؘ੉ఠ ੄RVBMJUZܳѐࢶ BCMBUJPOBCMBUJPOਸӝળਵ۽HPBM߹EJTUSJCVUJPOਸ
Ӑ١ೞѱೣ BCMBUJPOBCMBUJPOܳӝળীࢲTUFNҗDPEF੄࠺઺ਸ ৢܿ BCMBUJPOBCMBUJPOࠁ׮ખ؊௾MFBSOJOHSBUFࢎਊ BCMBUJPOBCMBUJPOীTGUؘ੉ఠ୶о

5SBJOJOHTUSBUFHZ ࠺Үप೷ਸా೧ࢶ੿ೠBCMBUJPOܳӝળਵ۽ೞৈ زੌೠHPBM߹EJTUSJCVUJPOਸਬ૑ೞݶࢲ#UPLFOਸ ࢎਊೞৈBOOFBMJOHਸೞҊ ੉җ੿ীࢲ঳য૓DIFDLQPJOUܳBWFSBHFೣ

5SBJOJOHTUSBUFHZ UXP - TUBHFEQSFUSBJOJOHҗ࠺Үप೷ਸా೧ MMBNBC؀࠺޷݅੄೟णؘ੉ఠ݅ࢎਊೞҊب   ৈ۞߮஖݃௼ীࢲ࠺Үೡ݅ೞѢա ؊જ਷ࢿמਸQSF - USBJOJOHױ҅ীࢲ׳ࢿೣ
%BUB$PNQBSFUPQSJPSWFSTJPOTPG-MBNB 5PVWSPOFUBM B C XFJNQSPWFE UIFRVBOUJUZBOERVBMJUZPGUIFEBUBXFVTFGPSQSF - USBJOJOHBOEQPTU - USBJOJOH 5IFTFJNQSPWFNFOUTJODMVEFUIFEFWFMPQNFOUPGNPSFDBSFGVMQSF - QSPDFTTJOH BOE DVSBUJPO QJQFMJOFT GPS QSF - USBJOJOH EBUB BOE UIF EFWFMPQNFOU PG NPSF SJHPSPVTRVBMJUZBTTVSBODFBOE fi MUFSJOHBQQSPBDIFTGPSQPTU - USBJOJOHEBUB8F QSF - USBJO-MBNBPODPSQVTPGBCPVU5NVMUJMJOHVBMUPLFOT DPNQBSFUP5 UPLFOTGPS-MBNB 5IF-MBNB)FSEPG.PEFMT

5SBJOJOHTUSBUFHZ NNMV   BDD TIPUT LNNMV   FN TIPUT IBFSBF
  BDD@OPSN TIPUT HTNL   FN@TUSJDU TIPUT IVNBOFWBM   QBTT! TIPUT NCCQ   QBTT! TIPUT BWFSBHF ,BOBOB&TTFODF MMBNBC HFNNBC RXFOC NJTUSBMC - W .JTUSBM#W VOUZJOH GVMM NPEFM JOQVU - FNCFE PVUQVU - FNCFE

5SBJOJOHTUSBUFHZ ,BOBOB/BOP੄҃਋MMBNB৬ਬࢎೠҳઑܳزੌೞѱ଻ఖೞҊ ,BOBOB&TTFODFী੸ਊೠزੌೠ   ۨदೖܳӝ߈ਵ۽GSPNTDSBUDI۽೟णਸ૓೯ ࠺तೠ௼ӝ੄MMBNBC࢚ܳഥೞחࢿמਸഛੋೣ 5JFFNCFEEJOH Y $POUFYUMFOHUI L
)JEEFOMBZFST "UUFOUJPOIFBET ,FZWBMVFIFBET NNMV   BDD TIPUT LNNMV@EJSFDU   FN TIPUT IBFSBF   BDD@OPSN TIPUT HTNL   FN@TUSJDU TIPUT IVNBOFWBM   QBTT! TIPUT NCCQ   QBTT! TIPUT BWFSBHF GSPNTDSBUDI MMBNBC

5SBJOJOHTUSBUFHZ ,BOBOB&TTFODF۽ࠗఠTUBHFীഝਊೠؘ੉ఠ 5 ܳഝਊೞৈQSVOJOHEJTUJMMBUJPOਸ   ੸ਊೠ҃਋ ݽٚCFODINBSLীࢲGSPNTDSBUDIࠁ׮ࢿמ੉જ਺ਸഛੋೣ NNMV   BDD
TIPUT LNNMV   FN TIPUT IBFSBF   BDD@OPSN TIPUT HTNL   FN@TUSJDU TIPUT IVNBOFWBM   QBTT! TIPUT NCCQ   QBTT! TIPUT BWFSBHF GSPNTDSBUDI QSVOJOHEJTUJMMBUJPO MMBNBC

5SBJOJOHTUSBUFHZ NNMV   BDD TIPUT LNNMV   FN TIPUT IBFSBF
  BDD@OPSN TIPUT HTNL   FN@TUSJDU TIPUT IVNBOFWBM   QBTT! TIPUT NCCQ   QBTT! TIPUT BWFSBHF ,BOBOB/BOP MMBNBC HFNNBC RXFOC NJOJUSPOC - CBTF

'VSUIFSXPSL NNMV৬LNNMV੄৔৉߹ࢿמਸ࠺Ү೧ࠄѾҗ ,BOBOB&TTFODFоHFNNBC RXFOC؀࠺   ҕా੸ਵ۽TUFNҗTDJFODFҙ۲৔৉ীࢲࢿמ੉ৌਤী੓਺

'VSUIFSXPSL NNMV੄TUFNҗTPDJBMTDJFODFTܳ࠙ࢳ೧ࠄѾҗ ,BOBOB&TTFODFоࣻ஖҅࢑੉೙ਃೠ৔৉੉׮ࣗ   ࠗ઒ೣਸഛੋ ݈ޡ஖ҳࢿद૑ध੉೙ਃೠ৔৉઺ীࢲبࣻ஖৬ҙ۲ػ݈ޡ஖ী؀ೠࠁъ੉೙ਃೣਸঌࣻ੓਺

'VSUIFSXPSL LNNMV੄TUFNҗBQQMJFETDJFODFTܳ࠙ࢳ೧ࠄѾҗ NNMVܳ࠙ࢳ೧ࢲղܽѾۿҗਬࢎೠѾۿਸ   ب୹ೡࣻ੓঻਺

'VSUIFSXPSL ,BOBOB&TTFODF৬/BOPܳ೟णೞݶࢲ ౠ൤ࣻ஖҅࢑җҙ۲ػTUFN݈ޡ஖ ؊ࠛয௏٘ҙ۲݈ޡ஖о   ࠗ઒ೣਸוՙҊ അ੤ҙ۲ؘ੉ఠܳѐࢶೞҊ੓਺ %FFQ4FFL -
$PEFS8IFOUIF-BSHF-BOHVBHF.PEFM.FFUT1SPHSBNNJOH5IF3JTFPG$PEF*OUFMMJHFODF %FFQ4FFL.BUI1VTIJOHUIF-JNJUTPG.BUIFNBUJDBM3FBTPOJOHJO0QFO-BOHVBHF.PEFMT

ৡ҃਍LMPVEPGG -BOHVBHF.PEFM"MJHONFOU 1PTU - 5SBJOJOH

*OUSP1PTU - USBJOJOH੉ۆ 1SFMJNJOBSZࠁాযڌѱೞחо .BJOSFTVMU਋ܻחযڌѱ೮חо 'VSUIFSXPSLখਵ۽যڌѱೡѤо

1PTU - 5SBJOJOH )VNBO"MJHONFOU *OTUSVDUJPO'PMMPXJOH

1PTU - 5SBJOJOH )VNBO"MJHONFOU *OTUSVDUJPO'PMMPXJOH ѾҴࢎۈ݈ਸੜٛѱ݅٘חѪ

1PTU - 5SBJOJOH )VNBO"MJHONFOU *OTUSVDUJPO'PMMPXJOH ѾҴࢎۈ݈ਸੜٛѱ݅٘חѪ ޛખځ৬ ޛ਷ࣻࣗਗ੗لҗ ࢑ࣗਗ੗ೞա۽  
੉ܖয૓ച೤ޛ۽ ૑ҳী

1PTU - 5SBJOJOH )VNBO"MJHONFOU *OTUSVDUJPO'PMMPXJOH ѾҴࢎۈ݈ਸੜٛѱ݅٘חѪ ޛખځ৬ ޛ਷ࣻࣗਗ੗لҗ ࢑ࣗਗ੗ೞա۽  
੉ܖয૓ച೤ޛ۽   ૑ҳী ޛખځ৬ ֎ պ੢Ҋীࢲ ы׮ܾ٘ѱਃ

1PTU - 5SBJOJOH )VNBO"MJHONFOU *OTUSVDUJPO'PMMPXJOH ڙڙೠ--.ਸ݈ੜٛח--.ਵ۽ള۲दఃחҗ੿ ݈ੜٛח--. ڙڙೠ--. 1PTU -
5SBJOJOH 1SF - 5SBJOJOH

1SFMJNJOBSZ$PNQVUJOH3FTPVSDF 1SF - USBJOJOH 1PTU - USBJOJOH

"MHPSJUIN %BUB ݾ಴ܳೱ೧୭੸ച 1SFMJNJOBSZSFDJQF ୭੸ചೞחؘ೙ਃೠؘ੉ఠ

1SFMJNJOBSZSFDJQF 4VQFSWJTFE'JOF - 5VOJOH 1SFGFSFODFCBTFE-FBSOJOH

1SFMJNJOBSZSFDJQF 4VQFSWJTFE'JOF - 5VOJOH VTFS੄QSPNQU JOTUSVDUJPO ۽ࠗఠӒীݏ חSFTQPOTF BOTXFS
ܳ૒੽ࢤࢿೞب۾೟ण 1SFGFSFODFCBTFE-FBSOJOH QSPNQU Y ց੉ܴ੉ޤפ SFTQPOTF Z ղ੉ܴ਷஠աաঠ j ղ੉ܴ਷஠աաঠ %BUB --.

1SFMJNJOBSZSFDJQF 4VQFSWJTFE'JOF - 5VOJOH VTFS੄QSPNQU JOTUSVDUJPO ۽ࠗఠӒীݏ חSFTQPOTF BOTXFS
ܳ૒੽ࢤࢿೞب۾೟ण 1SFGFSFODFCBTFE-FBSOJOH VTFS੄QSPNQU JOTUSVDUJPO җӒী࢚਽ೞ חৈ۞ѐ੄SFTQPOTFT BOTXFST ܳా೧؊ જ਷SFTQPOTFܳъചೞҊউજ਷SFTQPOTF ܳডചೞחߑೱਵ۽೟ण QSPNQU Y ց੉ܴ੉ޤפ SFTQPOTF Z ղ੉ܴ਷஠աաঠ j ղ੉ܴ਷஠աաঠ %BUB --. QSPNQU Y ց੉ܴ੉ޤפ SFTQPOTF Z ઁ੉ܴ਷஠աաੑפ׮👍 j %BUB SFTQPOTF Zs ա ஠աա👎 3FTQPOTF¬ --. 3FTQPOTF SFTQPOTF Zs ա ஠աա👎

0VS3FTVMUT &TTFODFNPEFM *OTUSVDUNPEFM -PHJD,PS   ೠҴযੌ߈ .BSV   ੗୓ೠҴয .5
- #FODI ৔যੌ߈ "SFOB - IBSE   ৔যҊә *G&WBM   ઑѤ૑दࣻ೯ )VNBO&WBM ௏٘ (4.L ࣻ೟ MMBNBC RXFOC QIJTNBMM NJTUSBMC - W ,BOBOB&TTFODF ഥࣻ೯റಣӐ ੗୓ಣо೐ۨ੐ਕ௼ࢎਊ

0VS3FTVMUT ഥࣻ೯റಣӐ ੗୓ಣо೐ۨ੐ਕ௼ࢎਊ -PHJD,PS .BSV .5 - #FODI "SFOB -
IBSE JG&WBM )VNBO&WBM (4., LBOBOB - FTTFODF - JOTUSVDU MMBNBC - JOTUSVDU RXFOC - JOTUSVDU QIJTNBMML - JOTUSVDU NJTUSBMC - JOTUSVDU - W ೠҴযੌ߈ ੗୓ೠҴয ৔যੌ߈ ৔যҊә ઑѤ૑दࣻ೯ ௏٘ ࣻ೟

0VS3FTVMUT ഥࣻ೯റಣӐ ੗୓ಣо೐ۨ੐ਕ௼ࢎਊ ೠҴযੌ߈ ੗୓ೠҴয ৔যੌ߈ ৔যҊә ઑѤ૑दࣻ೯ ௏٘ ࣻ೟
-PHJD,PS .BSV .5 - #FODI "SFOB - IBSE JG&WBM )VNBO&WBM (4., LBOBOB - FTTFODF - JOTUSVDU MMBNBC - JOTUSVDU RXFOC - JOTUSVDU QIJTNBMML - JOTUSVDU NJTUSBMC - JOTUSVDU - W

0VS3FTVMUT /BOPNPEFM *OTUSVDUNPEFM -PHJD,PS   ೠҴযੌ߈ .BSV   ੗୓ೠҴয .5
- #FODI ৔যੌ߈ "SFOB - IBSE   ৔যҊә *G&WBM   ઑѤ૑दࣻ೯ )VNBO&WBM ௏٘ (4.L ࣻ೟ MMBNBC RXFOC QIJNJOJ HFNNBC ,BOBOB/BOP ഥࣻ೯റಣӐ ੗୓ಣо೐ۨ੐ਕ௼ࢎਊ

,FZ-FTTPOTGSPN0VS3FDJQF

पઁࢲ࠺झܳࢎਊೞחഋక৬ਬࢎೠQSPNQUח઺ਃೞ׮ ,FZ-FTTPOTGSPN0VS3FDJQF JO4VQFSWJTFE'JOF - UVOF

पઁࢲ࠺झܳࢎਊೞחഋక৬ਬࢎೠQSPNQUח઺ਃೞ׮ కझ௼ഋక੄QSPNQUࠁ׮ࢎۈ੉૒੽੘ࢿೠQSPNQUоજ਷Ѫ਷ੜঌ۰૓ࢎप ೞ૑݅ ,FZ-FTTPOTGSPN0VS3FDJQF JO4VQFSWJTFE'JOF - UVOF

ࢎۈ੉ ੋਤ੸ਵ۽ؘ݅ٚ੉ఠܳਤೠؘ੉ఠ ,FZ-FTTPOTGSPN0VS3FDJQF JO4VQFSWJTFE'JOF - UVOF ੿ࠁ࠺؀ட߂ഥ҅੿ࠁ੄੿ࠁਤ೷ਸҊ۰ೞ ৈഥ҅хࢎ੄೙ਃࢿਸࢸݺೞदয় j хࢎੋ੉ࣻ೯ೞחഥ҅хࢎ੄Ҋਬೠ҅ܳ
о૑ӝࣿೞदয় j хࢎੋ੉ഥ҅хࢎӝળ੉ਃҳೞחਃҳࢎ೦ ਵ۽ࠗఠ੉ఎೡࣻ੓ח࢚ടਸࢲࣿೞदয় j ఃਤ ߄աա ࢎҗ੄ࢿ࠙ী؀೧ঌ۰઻ j ੗ކী؀೧ࢲبঌ۰઻ j

ࢎۈ੉पઁ۽ࢲ࠺झܳ੉ਊೞ٠ؘ݅ٚ੉ఠ ,FZ-FTTPOTGSPN0VS3FDJQF JO4VQFSWJTFE'JOF - UVOF ৔য૕׹ਸ೧ঠغחؘ ੌױইېоղୡউ੉ঠ਋ࢶ ਷৔য಴അਸо׮ٞয઻<j઺ۚj> j ҡଳӟೠؘ
୐ߣ૩ޙ੢਷HSBEJFOU EJTUSJCVUJPOী৔ೱਸળ׮חஏݶীࢲց੄઱੢ ੉ݏ׮ۄחڷਵ۽ॳ۰Ҋ೮য j ইפইפHSBEJFOUEJTUSJCVUJPOী৔ೱਸળ׮ח ஏݶਸࢤпೠ׮ݶযו੿بݏח੉ঠӝ׮ۄחࣻળ JOUIBUਸݔ୊਺ীӒ۠੄޷۽ॳ۰Ҋ੄بೠѢ੐ j QZTQBSLীࢲQMPUMZۄ੉࠳۞ܻࢎਊ೧ࢲ IJTUPHSBNӒܻח౵੉ॆ௏٘ j KVQZUFSOPUFCPPLীࢲೡۄݶ j ੉ۧѱ೧بইޖѪبউࠁ੉חؘ j

पઁࢲ࠺झܳࢎਊೞחഋక৬ਬࢎೠQSPNQUח઺ਃೞ׮ ࢎۈ੉ ੋਤ੸ਵ۽ؘ݅ٚ੉ఠܳਤೠؘ੉ఠ ¦ ࢎۈ੉पઁ۽ݽ؛җࣗాೞ٠ؘ݅ٚ੉ఠ 0 ղࠗ੗୓ࣻ૘೐۽ࣁझҳ୷ ,FZ-FTTPOTGSPN0VS3FDJQF JO4VQFSWJTFE'JOF
- UVOF

SFTQPOTFBOTXFS੄௬ܻ౭ח઺ਃೞ׮ ,FZ-FTTPOTGSPN0VS3FDJQF JO4VQFSWJTFE'JOF - UVOF

,FZ-FTTPOTGSPN0VS3FDJQF JO4VQFSWJTFE'JOF - UVOF MPX - RVBM IJHI - RVBM
&OHMJTI ,PSFBO MPX - RVBM IJHI - RVBM MPX - RVBM IJHI - RVBM MPX - RVBM IJHI - RVBM $PEF .BUI SFTQPOTFBOTXFS੄௬ܻ౭ח઺ਃೞ׮ જ਷௬ܻ౭੄׹߸ਵ۽೟णೠݽ؛੉Ӓۧ૑ঋ਷ݽ؛ী࠺೧ࢿמ੉֫׮ 1FSGPSNBODF

SFTQPOTFBOTXFS੄௬ܻ౭ח઺ਃೞ׮ જ਷௬ܻ౭੄׹߸ਵ۽೟णೠݽ؛੉Ӓۧ૑ঋ਷ݽ؛ী࠺೧ࢿמ੉֫׮ ૑ࣘ੸ਵ۽؊ա਷׹߸ਸসؘ੉౟ೡࣻ੓ח೐۽ࣁझҳ୷ ,FZ-FTTPOTGSPN0VS3FDJQF JO4VQFSWJTFE'JOF - UVOF

ࢲ۽׮ܲبݫੋ FH ௏٘ ࣻ೟ ઑѤഋध١ ؘ੉ఠࣇ਷пӝҳ୷੉೙ਃೞ׮ ,FZ-FTTPOTGSPN0VS3FDJQF JO4VQFSWJTFE'JOF - UVOF

ࢲ۽׮ܲبݫੋ FH ௏٘ ࣻ೟ ઑѤഋध١ ؘ੉ఠࣇ਷пӝҳ୷੉೙ਃೞ׮ пبݫੋী೧׼ೞחؘ੉ఠࣇ੉੓যঠҙ۲מ۱੉ߊഅػ׮ пبݫੋрীחਬ੄޷ೠࢿמрࢼ੉ߊࢤೞ૑ঋח׮ DPOW DPOW
DPEF DPOW N BUI DPOW *' "MM DPOW DPOW DPEF DPOW N BUI DPOW *' "MM DPOW DPOW DPEF DPOW N BUI DPOW *' "MM $PEF&WBM .BUI&WBM *'&WBM 1FSGPSNBODF ,FZ-FTTPOTGSPN0VS3FDJQF JO4VQFSWJTFE'JOF - UVOF

ࢲ۽׮ܲبݫੋ FH ௏٘ ࣻ೟ ઑѤഋध١ ؘ੉ఠࣇ਷пӝҳ୷੉೙ਃೞ׮ пبݫੋী೧׼ೞחؘ੉ఠࣇ੉੓যঠҙ۲מ۱੉ߊഅػ׮ пبݫੋрীחਬ੄޷ೠࢿמрࢼ੉ߊࢤೞ૑ঋח׮ пبݫੋীݏחؘ੉ఠܳ૒੽ࣻ૘੿ઁ ,FZ-FTTPOTGSPN0VS3FDJQF
JO4VQFSWJTFE'JOF - UVOF

,FZ-FTTPOTGSPN0VS3FDJQF *O1SFGFSFODF-FBSOJOH

1SFGFSFODF%BUBܳtੜu݅٘חѪ਷઺ਃೞ׮ ,FZ-FTTPOTGSPN0VS3FDJQF *O1SFGFSFODF-FBSOJOH

1SFGFSFODF%BUBܳtੜu݅٘חѪ਷઺ਃೞ׮ بݫੋ߹۽જ਷QSFGFSFODFEBUBٜܳ݅ӝਤೠпӝ੹ۚ੉೙ਃೞ׮ ,FZ-FTTPOTGSPN0VS3FDJQF *O1SFGFSFODF-FBSOJOH

1SFGFSFODF%BUBܳtੜu݅٘חѪ਷઺ਃೞ׮ بݫੋ߹۽જ਷QSFGFSFODFEBUBٜܳ݅ӝਤೠпӝ੹ۚ੉೙ਃೞ׮ ,FZ-FTTPOTGSPN0VS3FDJQF *O1SFGFSFODF-FBSOJOH അࣻחҗੌоѱܳ਍৔ೞҊ੓णפ׮оѱীחࢎҗ৬߄աաоппѐ৬ѐо੓णפ׮അࣻחоѱ੄ࢎҗ৬߄աաܳݽف౹ওਸٸ ੄୨ࣻੑਸ҅࢑ೞ۰Ҋ೤פ׮ࢎҗחѐ׼ਗ ߄աաחѐ׼ਗী౸ݒؾפ׮ ଵҊ׹਷ ਗ 8IJDIPOFJTCFUUFS
അࣻооѱ੄ࢎҗ৬߄աաܳݽف౹ওਸٸ੄୨ࣻੑਸ҅ ࢑ೞ۰Ҋ೤פ׮ࢎҗחѐ׼ਗ ߄աաחѐ׼ਗ ী౸ݒؾפ׮ ࢎҗѐܳ౸ݒೞݶ Y ਗਸ঳ਸ ࣻ੓णפ׮ ߄աաѐܳ౸ݒೞݶ Y ਗਸ঳ ਸࣻ੓णפ׮ ٮۄࢲ ࢎҗ৬߄աաܳݽف౹ওਸٸ੄୨ࣻੑ਷ ਗ ਗ ਗੑפ׮ അࣻоݽٚҗੌਸ౹ওਸٸ୨ࣻੑ਷ਗYѐ ਗYѐ ਗੑפ׮

1SFGFSFODF%BUBܳtੜu݅٘חѪ਷઺ਃೞ׮ بݫੋ߹۽જ਷QSFGFSFODFEBUBٜܳ݅ӝਤೠпӝ੹ۚ੉೙ਃೞ׮ ,FZ-FTTPOTGSPN0VS3FDJQF *O1SFGFSFODF-FBSOJOH അࣻחҗੌоѱܳ਍৔ೞҊ੓णפ׮оѱীחࢎҗ৬߄աաоппѐ৬ѐо੓णפ׮അࣻחоѱ੄ࢎҗ৬߄աաܳݽف౹ওਸٸ ੄୨ࣻੑਸ҅࢑ೞ۰Ҋ೤פ׮ࢎҗחѐ׼ਗ ߄աաחѐ׼ਗী౸ݒؾפ׮ ଵҊ׹਷ ਗ 👎/FHBUJWFSFTQPOTF
അࣻооѱ੄ࢎҗ৬߄աաܳݽف౹ওਸٸ੄୨ࣻੑਸ҅ ࢑ೞ۰Ҋ೤פ׮ࢎҗחѐ׼ਗ ߄աաחѐ׼ਗ ী౸ݒؾפ׮ ࢎҗѐܳ౸ݒೞݶ Y ਗਸ঳ਸ ࣻ੓णפ׮ ߄աաѐܳ౸ݒೞݶ Y ਗਸ঳ ਸࣻ੓णפ׮ ٮۄࢲ ࢎҗ৬߄աաܳݽف౹ওਸٸ੄୨ࣻੑ਷ ਗ ਗ ਗੑפ׮ 👍1PTJUJWFSFTQPOTF അࣻоݽٚҗੌਸ౹ওਸٸ୨ࣻੑ਷ਗYѐ ਗYѐ ਗੑפ׮

1SFGFSFODF%BUBܳtੜu݅٘חѪ਷઺ਃೞ׮ بݫੋ߹۽જ਷QSFGFSFODFEBUBٜܳ݅ӝਤೠпӝ੹ۚ੉೙ਃೞ׮ بݫੋ݃׮׹߸੄QSFGFSFODFܳMBCFMJOHೡࣻ੓חпӝ౵੉೐ۄੋҳ୷ ,FZ-FTTPOTGSPN0VS3FDJQF *O1SFGFSFODF-FBSOJOH

<POMJOFOFTT>೟णद੼੄ݽ؛੄PVUQVUਸ૒੽੉ਊೞৈQSFGFSFODFܳ೟णೞחѪ਷઺ਃೞ׮ ,FZ-FTTPOTGSPN0VS3FDJQF *O1SFGFSFODF-FBSOJOH

<POMJOFOFTT>೟णद੼੄ݽ؛੄PVUQVUਸ૒੽੉ਊೞৈQSFGFSFODFܳ೟णೞחѪ਷઺ਃೞ׮ ,FZ-FTTPOTGSPN0VS3FDJQF *O1SFGFSFODF-FBSOJOH QSPNQU Y ց੉ܴ੉ޤפ SFTQPOTF Z ઁ੉ܴ਷஠աաੑפ׮👍 j
%BUB SFTQPOTF Zs ա ஠աա👎 3FTQPOTF¬ --. 3FTQPOTF SFTQPOTF Zs ա ஠աա👎 👍 👎 QSPNQU Y ց੉ܴ੉ޤפ j %BUB ઁ੉ܴ਷஠աաੑפ׮¬ --. ա ஠աա 3. ઁ੉ܴ਷஠աաੑפ׮ ա ஠աա PG fl JOFQSFGFSFODFMFBSOJOH POMJOFQSFGFSFODFMFBSOJOH

JUFSBUJPO JUFSBUJPO JUFSBUJPO <POMJOFOFTT>೟णद੼੄ݽ؛੄PVUQVUਸ૒੽੉ਊೞৈQSFGFSFODFܳ೟णೞחѪ਷઺ਃೞ׮ SFXBSEݽ؛ਸӝ߈ਵ۽NPEFMPVUQVUਸ੉ਊೞৈJUFSBUJWFೞѱ೟ण
,FZ-FTTPOTGSPN0VS3FDJQF *O1SFGFSFODF-FBSOJOH ೠҴয -PHJD,PS JUFSBUJPO JUFSBUJPO JUFSBUJPO ৔য "SFOB - IBSE

<POMJOFOFTT>೟णद੼੄ݽ؛੄PVUQVUਸ૒੽੉ਊೞৈQSFGFSFODFܳ೟णೞחѪ਷઺ਃೞ׮ SFXBSEݽ؛ਸӝ߈ਵ۽NPEFMPVUQVUਸ੉ਊೞৈJUFSBUJWFೞѱ೟ण ੗୓SFXBSENPEFM೟ण߂JUFSBUJWFMFBSOJOHQSPDFTTҳ୷ ,FZ-FTTPOTGSPN0VS3FDJQF *O1SFGFSFODF-FBSOJOH

فо૑ҙ੼ਸ઱ݾ

पઁࢲ࠺झܳࢎਊೞחഋక৬ਬࢎೠؘ੉ఠ4ZOUIFUJDEBUBHFOFSBUJPO੽Ӕ فо૑ҙ੼ਸ઱ݾ

पઁࢲ࠺झܳࢎਊೞחഋక৬ਬࢎೠؘ੉ఠ4ZOUIFUJDEBUBHFOFSBUJPO੽Ӕ ੗োझۣҊ׮নೠഋక੄JOTUSVDUJPOݽ؛җࣗా੉੗োझ۞਍NVMUJ - UVSO؀ച ݽ؛ӝ߈ࢤࢿߑधোҳ فо૑ҙ੼ਸ઱ݾ

पઁࢲ࠺झܳࢎਊೞחഋక৬ਬࢎೠؘ੉ఠ4ZOUIFUJDEBUBHFOFSBUJPO੽Ӕ ݽ؛җࣗా੉੗োझ۞਍NVMUJ - UVSOؘ੉ఠחӒۧ૑ঋ਷ؘ੉ఠী࠺೧ݽ؛ࢿמೱ࢚ী௼ѱӝৈೠ׮ فо૑ҙ੼ਸ઱ݾ TJOHMF೟ ण
উ જ ਷ N VMUJ೟ ण જ ਷ N VMUJ೟ ण TJOHMF೟ ण উ જ ਷ N VMUJ೟ ण જ ਷ N VMUJ೟ ण TJOHMF೟ ण উ જ ਷ N VMUJ೟ ण જ ਷ N VMUJ೟ ण 0WFSBMM TU - UVSO OE - UVSO

पઁࢲ࠺झܳࢎਊೞחഋక৬ਬࢎೠؘ੉ఠ4ZOUIFUJDEBUBHFOFSBUJPO੽Ӕ 4ZOUIFUJDೞѱ੗োझ۞਍NVMUJ - UVSOࢤࢿߑधোҳ૓೯઺ $PEF.BUIبݫੋਵ۽ೠ੿ೞৈୡӝप೷ فо૑ҙ੼ਸ઱ݾ PSJHJOBM
NVMUJ - UVSO $PEF .BUI PSJHJOBM NVMUJ - UVSO

0OMJOF 4FMG - QMBZ QSFGFSFODFMFBSOJOH فо૑ҙ੼ਸ઱ݾ

0OMJOF 4FMG - QMBZ QSFGFSFODFMFBSOJOH ੿׹ਸࠁݶࢲ೟ण 4'5 -> ׮ܲࢎۈ੄੿য়׹֢౟ܳా೧೟ण
PG fl JOFQSFGFSFODFMFBSOJOH فо૑ҙ੼ਸ઱ݾ QSPNQU Y ց੉ܴ੉ޤפ SFTQPOTF Z ղ੉ܴ਷஠աաঠ j ղ੉ܴ਷஠աաঠ %BUB --. QSPNQU Y ց੉ܴ੉ޤפ SFTQPOTF Z ઁ੉ܴ਷஠աաੑפ׮👍 j %BUB SFTQPOTF Zs ա ஠աա👎 3FTQPOTF¬ --. 3FTQPOTF SFTQPOTF Zs ա ஠աա👎 4VQFSWJTFE'JOF - UVOF 0G fl JOF1SFGFSFODF-FBSOJOH

0OMJOF 4FMG - QMBZ QSFGFSFODFMFBSOJOH ੿׹ਸࠁݶࢲ೟ण 4'5 -> ׮ܲࢎۈ੄੿য়׹֢౟ܳా೧೟ण
PG fl JOFQSFGFSFODFMFBSOJOH -> ࠄੋ੉૒੽੿য়׹֢౟ٜܳ݅ݶࢲ೟ण POMJOFQSFGFSFODFMFBSOJOH فо૑ҙ੼ਸ઱ݾ 👍 👎 QSPNQU Y ց੉ܴ੉ޤפ j %BUB ઁ੉ܴ਷஠աաੑפ׮¬ --. ա ஠աա 3. ઁ੉ܴ਷஠աաੑפ׮ ա ஠աա 0OMJOF1SFGFSFODF-FBSOJOH

0OMJOF 4FMG - QMBZ QSFGFSFODFMFBSOJOH 3PCVTUSFXBSENPEFM೟ण 1SPDFTTTVQFSWJTJPOোҳ (FOFSBMQSFGFSFODFXJUI/BTIFRVJMJCSJVNӝ߈ঌҊ્ܻোҳ فо૑ҙ੼ਸ઱ݾ

5FBN-BOHVBHF.PEFM5SBJOJOH хࢎ೤פ׮ 5FBN-BOHVBHF.PEFM"MJHONFOU DIMPFQZ ೣ૑ো EBOJFMSM թਗక TFBOBJ ੿थ੤ LFWJOOMQ
Ҋഅਔ LIFMI ӣഅഐ MPVJFN ੉ହ޹ KVMJFUCBL ߅ਮ઱ MBNCEBYQSJNF ੉ഐ૓ XBWZKVOH ੿ف೧ MBOBOZ ӣաো SZBOV ܨ޹ഐ

밑바닥부터 시작하는 LLM 개발기

밑바닥부터 시작하는 LLM 개발기

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