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Architecting your apps for UI Testing
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Karumi
September 15, 2016
Programming
5
670
Architecting your apps for UI Testing
Talk given at NSSpain 2016
Karumi
September 15, 2016
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Transcript
Architecting your apps for UI Testing Alberto Gragera Co-Founder and
Technical Director @gragera_
[email protected]
This is NOT about acceptance tests
Why invest in UI Testing?
Test from the user’s point of view
Reproduce any imaginable scenario
Architecture
GOOD ARCHITECTURE Readability Testability Embrace change Robustness
BAD ARCHITECTURE Fear of change Lots of WTFs Hacks Mystic
knowledge
What main features should your architecture have to enable you
to write UI tests effectively?
Each layer must have a crystal clear purpose and responsibilities
Be able to replace the dependencies to inject test doubles
Disclaimer: Viper-ish
UI PRESENTER USE CASE NAVIGATOR REPOSITORY DATA SOURCE … N
… COMPOSITION ROOT COMPOSITION ROOT A … N …
UI PRESENTER USE CASE NAVIGATOR REPOSITORY DATA SOURCE … N
COMPOSITION ROOT COMPOSITION ROOT A … N … …
UI Abstraction over UIViewController Passive Views
Use Cases Gateway to the “data” world Expose what your
domain layer can do
Navigator Navigates from one screen to another Knows about the
state of the screen at any given time Handle the presentation of this new screen
CompositionRoot Knows how to instantiate every collaborator of the app
Knows about the particulars of a collaborator
Presenter Tell the UI what to do Tell Navigators where
the user wants to go Execute Use Cases KEY point for dependency injection
How does this look like in a real app?
FoursquareTop
App launch
Screen AppDelegate private func installRootNavigator() { let builder = AppCompositionRoot.Builder()
appCompositionRoot = builder.with( venueCompositionRoot: VenueCompositionRoot() ).build() navigator = RootNavigator( appCompositionRoot: appCompositionRoot ) navigator.installRootViewController(window!) window?.makeKeyAndVisible() } 1 2 3
DEPENDENCIES RootNavigator func installRootViewController(window: UIWindow) { let vc = appCompositionRoot.getInitialViewController()
currentNavigationController = vc window.rootViewController = vc }
DEPENDENCIES AppCompositionRoot class AppCompositionRoot { let venue: VenueCompositionRoot func getInitialViewController()
-> UINavigationController { let vc = venue.getBestVenuesAroundViewController() return UINavigationController(rootViewController: vc) } }
DEPENDENCIES VenueCompositionRoot func getBestVenuesAroundViewController() -> UIViewController { let vc =
BestVenuesAroundYouViewController() vc.venuesAroundYouPresenter = BestVenuesAroundYouPresenter( ui: vc, getBestPlacesAroundYouUseCase: getPlacesAroundYouUseCase(), getUserLocationUseCase: getUserLocationUseCase(), navigator: getVenueListNavigator() ) return vc }
Going to a venue detail
TAP
presenter.venueSelected(venue) UI navigator.goTo(venue) PRESENTER compositionRoot.getVC(venue) pushViewController() NAVIGATOR
Screen BestVenuesAroundYouViewController func collectionView(collectionView: UICollectionView, didSelectItemAtIndexPath indexPath: NSIndexPath) { guard
let venue = ds.venue(atIndexPath: indexPath) else { return } venuesAroundYouPresenter.venueSelected(venue) }
Screen BestVenuesAroundYouPresenter func venueSelected(venue: VenueViewModel) { navigator.goTo(venueDetail: venue) }
DEPENDENCIES VenueListNavigator func goTo(venueDetail venue: VenueViewModel) { let vc =
appCompositionRoot.venue.getVenueDetailViewController( forVenue: venue ) currentNavigationController?.pushViewController( vc, animated: true ) }
Testing this
STRATEGY
UI PRESENTER USE CASE NAVIGATOR REPOSITORY DATA SOURCE … N
… COMPOSITION ROOT COMPOSITION ROOT A … N …
TEST main.swift let appDelegateClass = Environment().isInTestingRun() ? NSStringFromClass(AppDelegateForTests) : NSStringFromClass(AppDelegate)
UIApplicationMain( Process.argc, Process.unsafeArgv, nil, appDelegateClass )
TEST AppDelegateForTests func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [NSObject : AnyObject]?)
-> Bool { window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds )! window.backgroundColor = .whiteColor() window.makeKeyAndVisible() window.rootViewController = UINavigationController() return true }
TEST BaseUITest func openViewController() { let appCompositionRoot = getTestingAppCompositionRoot( baseAppCompositionRoot
) rootNavigator = RootNavigator( appCompositionRoot: appCompositionRoot ) presentViewController( keyWindow, navigator: rootNavigator, appCompositionRoot: appCompositionRoot ) } 1 2 3
Test Cases
TEST BestVenuesAroundYouViewControllerTests class BestVenuesAroundYouViewControllerTests: BaseUITestCase { private var stubVenueListNavigator: StubVenueListNavigator!
private var getUserLocation: StubGetUserLocationUseCase! private var getBestPlacesAroundYou: StubGetBestPlacesAroundYouUseCase! override func setUp() { super.setUp() getUserLocation = StubGetUserLocationUseCase() getBestPlacesAroundYou = StubGetBestPlacesAroundYouUseCase() stubVenueListNavigator = StubVenueListNavigator() }
TEST BestVenuesAroundYouViewControllerTests override func getTestingAppCompositionRoot(compositionRoot: AppCompositionRoot) -> AppCompositionRoot { return
AppCompositionRoot.Builder() .with(venueCompositionRoot: getVenueCompositionRoot()) .build() } private func getVenueCompositionRoot() -> VenueCompositionRoot { let venueCompositionRoot = TestingVenueCompositionRoot() venueCompositionRoot.stubGetUserLocation = getUserLocation venueCompositionRoot.stubGetBestPlacesAroundYou = getBestPlacesAroundYou venueCompositionRoot.stubVenueListNavigator = stubVenueListNavigator return venueCompositionRoot }
TEST func getGetUserLocationUseCase() -> GetUserLocationUseCase { return GetUserLocation( gps: getGPS(),
repository: getVenueDataSource() ) } func getGetUserLocationUseCase() -> GetUserLocationUseCase { return stubGetUserLocationUseCase } VenueCompositionRoot TestingVenueCompositionRoot
TEST BestVenuesAroundYouViewControllerTests func testLoadingIndicatorIsVisibleWhenLoadingVenues() { givenWeAreFetchingUsersLocation() openViewController() waitForViewWithLocalizedAccessibilityLabel(.Loading) } override
func presentViewController(window: UIWindow, navigator: RootNavigator, appCompositionRoot: AppCompositionRoot) { presentViewController( appCompositionRoot.venue.getBestVenuesAroundViewController() ) }
TEST BestVenuesAroundYouViewControllerTests func testOpenSettingsIfTheGPSAccessIsDeniedAndTheUserOpensSettings() { givenThereWillBeAnErrorFetchingUserLocation(error: .AccessDenied) openViewController() tapGoToSettings() expect(
stubVenueListNavigator.didNavigateToSettings ).toEventually( equal(true) ) } GIVEN WHEN THEN
TEST BestVenuesAroundYouViewControllerTests func testRetryShowsVenuesAfterThereIsAnErrorFetchingUsersLocation() { getUserLocationUseCase.givenThereWillBeAnErrorFetchingUsersLocation() openViewController() expectCanNotFetchLocationError(toBeVisible: true) getBestPlacesAroundYouUseCase.givenThereWillBeVenues()
tapRetry() expectVenueList( getBestPlacesAroundYouUseCase.venueList ) expectCanNotFetchLocationError(toBeVisible: false) }
Testing the real navigation
TEST BestVenuesAroundYouViewControllerNavigationTests override func presentViewController(window: UIWindow, navigator: RootNavigator, appCompositionRoot: AppCompositionRoot)
{ navigator.installRootViewController(window) } override func getTestingAppCompositionRoot(compositionRoot: AppCompositionRoot) -> AppCompositionRoot { return AppCompositionRoot.Builder(compositionRoot: compositionRoot) .with(venueCompositionRoot: getVenueCompositionRoot()) .build() } private func getVenueCompositionRoot() -> VenueCompositionRoot { let venueCompositionRoot = TestingVenueCompositionRoot() venueCompositionRoot.stubGetUserLocationUseCase = getUserLocationUseCase venueCompositionRoot.stubGetBestPlacesAroundYouUseCase = getBestPlacesAroundYouUseCase venueCompositionRoot.stubGetVenueDetailsUseCase = getVenueDetailsUseCase return venueCompositionRoot } private func getVenueCompositionRoot() -> VenueCompositionRoot { let venueCompositionRoot = TestingVenueCompositionRoot() venueCompositionRoot.stubGetUserLocation = getUserLocation venueCompositionRoot.stubGetBestPlacesAroundYou = getBestPlacesAroundYou venueCompositionRoot.stubVenueListNavigator = stubVenueListNavigator return venueCompositionRoot } BestVenuesAroundYouViewControllerTests
TEST BestVenuesAroundYouViewControllerNavigationTests func testNavigatesToVenueDetailWhenUserTapsOnVenue() { getVenuesUseCase.givenThereWillBeVenues() let topVenue = getVenuesUseCase.getTopVenue()
getVenueDetailsUseCase.venue = topVenue openViewController() tapTopVenue() expectTitle(ofVenue: topVenue, toBeVisible: true) } GIVEN WHEN THEN
Why is all this possible?
Thanks!
Questions?