Traditional Games in Africa

Traditional games are those games within a society that people have played for many years, because participation gives them a chance to practice something that has meaning within their society (Bressan, & Van Der Merwe, 1992).

Transcript

1. TRADITIONAL GAMES
2. Hello! Kev Nyaoga Digital Skills Trainer|Developer Advocate Co-Founder:Pictonet Technologies You can find me at @kevnyaoga 2
3. Traditional Games Traditional games are those games within a society that people have played for many years, because participation gives them a chance to practice something that has meaning within their society (Bressan, & Van Der Merwe, 1992). 3
4. Traditional Games As a form of play, traditional games includes participants, some sort of challenge or goal and rules although they are not as formal or organized as sports. 4
5. Traditional Games Today traditional game in Africa has survived in Nomadic, Hunters, Gatherers and Pastoral societies least touched by European influence. Many of these games are linked with work, religion, celebrations, family life, birth, coming of age and death. They are central to cultural experience of a people (Cheska, 1987). 5
6. CHARACTERISTICS OF TRADITIONAL GAMES It is locally organized Have few rules. The rules are not written and enforced. Have few roles or positions for players Use simple skills Have participations restricted to either boys or girls or men or women. lack of precise boundaries or special facilities. 6 Use little or no equipment Give men (boys) the opportunity for competition and self-testing, but give women (girls) the opportunity to practice cooperation controlled by players rather than by referee. Utilize the observation and imitation methods of learning rather than any kind of sophisticated teaching or coaching.
7. ROLE OF TRADITIONAL GAMES 1.Physical development of the players. 2. Skills training and Skills maintenance for adult behavior. Traditional game play develops physical and cognitive skills, social decorum and respect for others. 3. The enhancement of the community values about age and gender roles. 4. Create opportunities for interaction within a community and between communities. 5. Perpetuation of heritage and sense of origin. Traditional game offer continuity and contextuality of ethnicity. Knowing these games helps in understanding of one's symbolic, social and physical culture 7
8. Difference between traditional game and modern sports Based on structures and function of traditional game and modern sports one can recognizes a variations. These differences between traditional games and modern sports can be described in terms of what characterizes a game as shown in the following table
9. Difference between traditional game and modern sports
10. The history of games in Africa Dates as far back as the African race itself. Adams (1991) Man's successful evolutionary history has greatly been facilitated by his physical fitness acquired through games of various kinds. 10
11. Cheska Classification ▫ Games of physical skills-physical and motor skills(endurance, strength, agility) ▫ Games of strategy-rational choices and decision-making ▫ Verbal games-Memory And Use Of Words ▫ Games of chance-guesswork or use of artifacts ▫ Games of memory-ability to recall or remember some facts ▫ Rhythm games-musical and rhythmic ability ▫ Simulation games-Imitation,Mimicry and Copying ability
12. Vander Merwe and Salter's Classification 1)Spontaneous play games, 2) Wildlife mimicry games, 3) Domestic role play games, 4) Rhythmic activities, 5) Formal activities
13. Games of Low Skill Organization Children's activities-rather informal with a high degree of spontaneity and flexibility. ▫ Musical ▫ NonMusical
14. NonMusical Roleplay Games By young Children Usedtoys Racing Games Young boys and girls together Older boys separately Hide and Seek Game Young Children 14
15. NonMusical Spinning the Berry ( Peg Top) Game YoungChildren Gukonda (Puzzle) Game Young boys and girls in a group of about 2to4 Swinging Games Older boys and girls Rope Tied on Branches
16. Musical Games Murungara (Rain Time) Game Young Children Singingintherain Outside their mothers' houses. Consumable Animals Game group of four to seven young boys and girls NyamaNyamaNyamaga me Njira No ino (Direction Seeking) Game Young children in a group of two to five leader of blind followers ina queue asking ...is this the way?
17. MusicalGames Basket Weaving Game Young Children imitation of baskets weaving pattern. Singalong I weave my small basket moveto format spiral pattern
18. Games of High Skill Organization Hyenas at the Homestead Young boys and girls. Hyenas Chasing Child Back To Homestead Skidding Games Young boys engaged in skidding activities wet, bare, slippery, earth surface free of stones, sticks Tobogganing Games Big boys fresh banana stems were used to slide along steep slopes
19. High Skill Organization Games Bendiri (Catapults) Game OlderBoys Y-shaped piece of stick to which a piece of a rubber strap target at small animals such as rabl.rts and birds (Sling) Game Older boys small, circular mart or piece of skin, approximately ten centimetres in diameter. sends the stone forcefully towards the target. Ring or Hoop Swinging) Both big and young girls wooden ring,(mbara), performer encircles herself with the ring
20. High Skill Organization Games Gymnastics Young and Older ▫ Headstand, ▫ Handstand, ▫ Hand-walking, ▫ Forward rolls, ▫ Back arching. High Jump, Long Jump, and Pole Vault Young and big boys and girls separately Climbing Games Yeung boys and girls as well as the big boys objects found around their homes. giant trees, hills, high rock outcrops, as well as cliffs
21. High Skill Organization Games Swimming and Diving Big boys and sometimes girls. rivers and in big masses of stagnant water. Board Game Old men, warriors, boys board with two symmetrical rows of six, eight or ten holes per row Berries, pebbles or hard nuts Short Range Darts Marksmanship) Game Big boys approaching circumcision
22. High Skill Organization Games Bows and Arrows Game Big boys bow and a few arrows Woodlands and forests were also used for targeting birds and medium sized animals. Mubara (Rolling Hoop) Game Both young and old boys Pushinghoops By Hand tied a string cord anywhere on its circumference. War Simulation Games Wrestling Wardrillsforwarriors
23. ACTIVITY 23 1. Consumable Animals Game(NyamaNyamaNyama) 2. Direction Seeking Game(...is this the way)
24. THANK YOU! 24