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ブロックチェーン 2.0 / Blockchains 2.0
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Kenji Saito
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December 07, 2017
Technology
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ブロックチェーン 2.0 / Blockchains 2.0
2017年12月7日(木)、ブロックチェーンアカデミー「ブロックチェーン基盤技術 ブロックチェーン 2.0」にて使用したスライドです
Kenji Saito
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December 07, 2017
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Transcript
2.0 CSO / SFC
[email protected]
2.0 — — 2017-09-07 –
p.1/41
( ) SFC ( ) CSO (Chief Science Officer) 1993
M.Eng ( ) 2006 ( ) SFC 17 P2P 2011 → ( ) 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.2/41
/ Segregated Witness Proof of Stake 2.0 — — 2017-09-07
– p.3/41
2.0 1. 2. Segregated Witness 3. 4. Proof of Stake
( ) 5. 6. 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.4/41
1. 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.5/41
BTC / . . . 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 –
p.6/41
EPOBC (Open Assets) OP_RETURN 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.7/41
Open Assets Protocol (OAP) ( = ) 2.0 — —
2017-09-07 – p.8/41
ID ID (asset ID) 1. 2. 3. 160 = ID
( ) 4. base58check ‘A’ ( = 23) (asset quantity) BTC 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.9/41
OP_RETURN PUSH 0x4f41 (‘OA’) = 2 0x0100 2 1∼9 LEB128
1∼9 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.10/41
2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.11/41
2. Segregated Witness ( = ) (malleability) 2.0 — —
2017-09-07 – p.12/41
(witness) 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.13/41
OP_RETURN PUSH 0xaa21a9ed 4 (witness) SHA-256 32 Merkle 2.0 —
— 2017-09-07 – p.14/41
Merkle Tree (Bitcoin) Digest = double SHA-256 value Existence of
a TX can be verified if a relevant subtree is provided 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.15/41
(1) P2WPKH (version 0) (pay-to-(witnessed)-public-key-hash) witness ( ): < >
< > scriptSig ( ): scriptPubKey ( ) 0 <20-byte > 20-byte < > < > CHECKSIG 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.16/41
(2) P2WSH (version 0) (pay-to-(witnessed)-script-hash) witness: < 1 > <1
< 1 > < 2 > 2 CHECKMULTISIG> scriptSig: scriptPubKey 0 <32-byte > 32-byte 1-out-of-2 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.17/41
SegWit https://bitcoincore.org/en/2016/01/26/segwit-benefits/ 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.18/41
SegWit 2016 100 SegWit (95% ) . . . 2017
8 24 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.19/41
3. 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.20/41
BIP (Bitcoin Improvement Proposal) ex. BIP 1 : BIP Purposes
and Guidelines https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0001.mediawiki ex. BIP 9 : Version bits with timeout and delay ex. BIP 141 : Segregated Witness (Consensus layer) TCP/IP RFC XMPP XEP 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.21/41
Block Header Data Structure Field Description Size (bytes) Version 4
Digest Double SHA-256 value 32 Merkle root Double SHA-256 value 32 Time Seconds (since 1970-01-01T00:00 UTC) 4 Target Compressed format 4 Nonce Appropriate value 4 Merkle root is the digest of all TXs 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.22/41
BIP 9 SegWit https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0009/assignments.mediawiki MTP : Median Time Past (
11 ) 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.23/41
4. Proof of Stake ( ) 2.0 — — 2017-09-07
– p.24/41
Proof of Stake ( ) ( ) 2.0 — —
2017-09-07 – p.25/41
Proof of Stake Hn (PD + id + t +
. . .) ≤ 2n × balance d H n : n (ex. SHA-256 (n = 256)) PD : id : (ex. ) t : (ex. UNIX ( )) balance : d : (ex. ) PoW 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.26/41
Proof of Stake 3 1. 2. “Nothing at Stake” 3.
51% 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.27/41
: Proof of Stake Velocity Reddcoin 2.0 — — 2017-09-07
– p.28/41
Nothing at Stake - = 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 –
p.29/41
Nothing at Stake - 100% Proof of Stake 2.0 —
— 2017-09-07 – p.30/41
51% 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.31/41
Nothing at Stake ⇒ 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.32/41
5. . . . 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.33/41
2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.34/41
2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.35/41
→ ⇒ A. Back, et. al., “Enabling Blockchain Innovations with
Pegged Sidechains”, 2014 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.36/41
6. 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.37/41
1 1 10 2 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.38/41
A-B 2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.39/41
2 2 ( ) Ripple Path 2.0 — — 2017-09-07
– p.40/41
2.0 — — 2017-09-07 – p.41/41