分散システムの基礎知識 / Distributed Systems Literacy

2017年11月29日(水)、ブロックチェーンアカデミー「ブロックチェーン基盤技術 分散システムの基礎知識」にて使用したスライドです

Transcript

1. CSO / SFC ks91@blockchainhub.co.jp — — 2017-11-29 – p.1/38
2. ( ) SFC ( ) CSO (Chief Science Officer) 1993 M.Eng ( ) 2006 ( ) SFC 17 P2P 2011 → ( ) — — 2017-11-29 – p.2/38
3. FLP CAP CUP ( ) P2P — — 2017-11-29 – p.3/38
4. 1. 2. 3. Paxos 4. 5. P2P 6. — — 2017-11-29 – p.4/38
5. 1. FLP CAP — — 2017-11-29 – p.5/38
6. A, B A-B m A B A B A B . . . — — 2017-11-29 – p.6/38
7. 1. X 2. X C 3. C 1. 2. 3. reliable multicast — — 2017-11-29 – p.7/38
8. : — — 2017-11-29 – p.8/38
9. (safety) (liveness) ( ) ( = ) — — 2017-11-29 – p.9/38
10. → / (benign) → (Byzantine) (malicious) — — 2017-11-29 – p.10/38
11. FLP Fischer, Lynch, Paterson — — 2017-11-29 – p.11/38
12. CAP Consistency ( ) Availability ( ) Partition tolerance ( ) ⇒ 3 C Eventual consistency ( ) . . . — — 2017-11-29 – p.12/38
13. Consistency ( ) Strong consistency ( ) (safety) Eventual consistency ( ) (liveness) ↑ Weak consistency ( ) ↑ ( ) — — 2017-11-29 – p.13/38
14. 2. — — 2017-11-29 – p.14/38
15. n = f ( ) ⇒ — — 2017-11-29 – p.15/38
16. (1) 1 1, 2 n ≤ 3f — — 2017-11-29 – p.16/38
17. (2) — — 2017-11-29 – p.17/38
18. 3. Paxos Paxos Paxos — — 2017-11-29 – p.18/38
19. CS1 : CS2 : CS3 : CL1 : CL2 : : : (e.g. ) — — 2017-11-29 – p.19/38
20. Paxos (1) : (The Part-Time Parliament) Paxos ( ) ↔ ↔ ↔ ⇒ — — 2017-11-29 – p.20/38
21. Paxos (2) (proposers), (acceptors), (learners) 1. 2. Paxos ( ) — — 2017-11-29 – p.21/38
22. Paxos Paxos 2f + 1 Paxos f “byzantizing” Byzantine Paxos PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerance) PBFT — — 2017-11-29 – p.22/38
23. 4. CUP (Consensus with Unknown Participants) vs. — — 2017-11-29 – p.23/38
24. (B)FT-CUP (Consensus with Unknown Participants) ( / ) : FT (Fault-Tolerant) : BFT (Byzantine Fault-Tolerant) P2P n FT/BFT — — 2017-11-29 – p.24/38
25. State Machine Replication ( ) (by ) (since 1984) ( ) ( ) . . . ( ) — — 2017-11-29 – p.25/38
26. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (by ) — — 2017-11-29 – p.26/38
27. 5. P2P P2P - - — — 2017-11-29 – p.27/38
28. P2P : P2P 3 3 ( ) strategyproof group strategyproof — — 2017-11-29 – p.28/38
29. (Sybil) 16 — — 2017-11-29 – p.29/38
30. again n > 3f R F R > 2F ⇒ — — 2017-11-29 – p.30/38
31. ( ) f = 1 ⇒ R — — 2017-11-29 – p.31/38
32. 6. — — 2017-11-29 – p.32/38
33. 3 1. ( : UTXO ) ⇒ ( ) 2. ( : ) ⇒ 3. ( : ) TX ⇒ 2 3 — — 2017-11-29 – p.33/38
34. 10 ATM 1 ATM 1 : http://www.slideshare.net/yamaz2/ss-58813038 ⇒ KVS — — 2017-11-29 – p.34/38
35. — — 2017-11-29 – p.35/38
36. vs. — — 2017-11-29 – p.36/38
37. (centralized) (decentralized) (distributed) Paul Baran, “On Distributed Communications Networks”, 1964 (C) (A) — — 2017-11-29 – p.37/38
38. — — 2017-11-29 – p.38/38