ブロックチェーン概論 / Introduction to Blockchain

2022年10月17日(月)、慶應義塾大学大学院メディアデザイン研究科「サービスデザインプロジェクト B」2022秋で使用したスライドです。

Transcript

1. Service Design, generated by Stable Diffusion B 2022 1 ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.1/63
2. https://speakerdeck.com/ks91 ( ) ( ) Discord Discord ( / / ) Zoom URL ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.2/63
3. ( ) SFC ( ) CSO (Chief Science Officer) 1993 ( ) 2006 ( ) SFC 22 P2P (Peer-to-Peer) 2011 ( ) 2018 2019 VR 2021.7 VR 2021.8 “ALL THESE WORLDS ARE YOURS” VR 2021.9 & VR 2021.12 VR 2022.3 VR 2022.8 → ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.3/63
4. (2 ) https://youtu.be/ZHdP9BKuQX8 JCSG2022 — Academy Camp VR Cells VRChat https://vrchat.com/home/launch?worldId=wrld_2f8602af-a7ea-42a4-833b-789261f55205 Steam and/or Quest 2 Stable Diffusion / MidJourney 3D ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.4/63
5. . . . ( ) 2018 1 2 2018 OK Google, Google ( ) Python ( ) ∈ Alexa, B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.5/63
6. Alexa, ত࿨࣌୅
   
    ੈلޙ൒ ࣾձγεςϜ ࣾձ؀ڥ ػց ٕज़ ਓؒ ࣗಈγεςϜ ྩ࿨࣌୅
   
    ੈلલ൒ ిؾ͚ͭͯ ͸͍ ͸͍ ిؾ͚ͭͯ ͜ͷ৚݅ͷͱ͖ ٕज़Ͱ͋Γࣾձ؀ڥ
   ˠ
   ࣗવ؀ڥ ਓ ⇒ ( ) Web3 B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.6/63
7. — ( ) ( ) “FinTech — Financial Innovation and the Internet” ( ) ( ) ( ) B — (2020 ∼) ( ) → ( ) https://speakerdeck.com/ks91 B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.7/63
8. (?) (1) 2020 9 60 (2020) : ( ) . . . = ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.8/63
9. (?) (2) (2020) : ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.9/63
10. ( ) Python 3 Ethereum B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.10/63
11. B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.11/63
12. (1/2) — World Wide Web COVID-19 2020 1990 World Wide Web (← ) End-to-End ( ) ( ) ( ) End-to-End ( ) 2008 B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.12/63
13. (2/2) — ( web3 ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.13/63
14. ← Python Flask (Python ) Ethereum Brownie (Python Ethereum ) BBc-1 ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.14/63
15. ( 2 ) ( ) Discord miro VR Discord miro ( ) ( : ) . . . : ( ) : DApp ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.15/63
16. ( ) 25% 25% 20% 30% ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.16/63
17. ( ) 1 10 17 • 2 10 24 3 10 31 1 4 11 7 2 5 11 14 1 6 11 21 2 7 11 28 8 12 5 Discord B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.17/63
18. 1. 2. Ethereum 3. ↑ B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.18/63
19. / STAND ALONE COMPLEX Yes. B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.19/63
20. ( ) ੪౻ 0DVMVT
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    2VFTU MacBook Air B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.20/63
21. 1. B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.21/63
22. ެ։୆ா ެ։Ͱͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ ʜ ຊਓ ɾૹۚه࿥ ɾίʔυ ɾσʔλͷมԽ ɾ࣮ߦϩά ݕӾͰ͖Δୈࡾऀ ͜Εɺ ه࿥͍ͨ͠Μ͚ͩͲ ͋ͳͨ͸ ॻ͍ͨΒμϝ ͜ͷ಺༰͸ ॻ͍ͨΒμϝ ॻ͍ͪΌͬͨͷʁ ͜͏ॻ͖׵͑·͠ΐ͏ ॻ͍ͯͳ͍ͷʁ ͜͏ॻ͔Εͨ͜ͱʹ ͠·͠ΐ͏ ॻ͍ͪΌͬͨͷʁ ফ͠·͠ΐ͏ %P4 ߈ܸͱ͔Ͱ ๦֐ͯ͠ࢭΊ·͠ΐ͏ B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.22/63
23. ( ) ( ) ( ) ↓ ( ( )) (BP : Blockchain Property ) BP-1 : ( ) BP-2 : ( ( ) ) BP-3 : ( ) ( ) ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.23/63
24. ( ) (LIFO : Last In, First Out) ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.24/63
25. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 16 ) SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm) ( ) 1bit B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.25/63
26. ( ) ( ) < , > ( ) ← : < , > : : < , , > : OK ( 1 ) NG ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.26/63
27. BP-1 ( ), BP-2 ( ) BBc-1 f : → BP-3 ( ) ( ) ( ) ← BP-2 ← BP-3 ( ) (BP-2 ) ( ) ← BP-3 (?) + ← BP-{1,2} B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.27/63
28. [Lamport 1984][Schneider 1990] (1) (2) (3) (4) ( ) ← ↑ B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.28/63
29. TX : transaction ( 4 TX ) SMRP (State Machine Replication Problem) SMRP-1 ( ) SMRP-2 : B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.29/63
30. ( ) ( ) ϒϩοΫ൪߸
    
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    O  ϒϩοΫ൪߸
    
    O  ϒϩοΫ൪߸
    
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    O  ͍ͪ͹Μه࿥ɾॻ͖׵͑ͷίετ͕ߴ͍ྺ࢙ ࠷΋վ͟Μ͠ʹ͍͘ྺ࢙ ͕༗ޮ ͻͱͭखલͷϒϩοΫͷ ʮμΠδΣετʯ σδλϧॺ໊͞Εͨ ʮτϥϯβΫγϣϯ औҾ ʯ ϒϩοΫΛ࡞ΔͨΊʹ͸ɺͦͷʮμΠδΣετʯ͕͋Δ਺ҎԼͱ͍͏৚݅Λຬͨͨ͠Γ 1SPPG
    PG
    8PSL Ծ૝௨՟ͷ࣋ͪ෼ʹԠͨ͡ݖརΛ࢖ͬͨ౤ථͰউͬͨΓ 1SPPG
    PG
    4UBLF ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ ίετ͕͔͔Δ ϒϩοΫΛ࡞Δਓ͸ͦͷதʹࣗ෼ʹѼͯͨ Ծ૝௨՟ͰͷใुΛॻ͖ࠐΉ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ɺ ͦͷϒϩοΫ͕༗ޮͳྺ࢙ͷதʹ͋Δ৔߹ʹ ݶΓใु΋༗ޮͱͳΔ τϥϯβΫγϣϯͷଘࡏΛ֬ೝ͢Δ ͨΊͷޮ཰తͳํ๏͕ఏڙ͞ΕΔ ਖ਼౰ੑ ଘࡏੑ །Ұੑ Proof of Work ( ) . . . → B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.30/63
31. (BP-3 ) ( : ) (BP-3 ) ( : ) ← NFT BP-{1,2,3} BP-{1, 2} ⇒ B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.31/63
32. (Confidentiality) BP-{1,2,3} ↑ ( = ) (Integrity) BP-3 (Availability) BP-2 B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.32/63
33. 2009 ↑ 13 ( 5 ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.33/63
34. ( ) ADR (Active (space) Debris Removal) : https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSS.2018.2890655 (1930 ) ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.34/63
35. ( ) ( ) ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.35/63
36. ( ) ( - ) : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.05.019 B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.36/63
37. ( ) ( ) ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.37/63
38. ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.38/63
39. / ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.39/63
40. ( ) ( ) ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.40/63
41. ( ) : https://www.lij.jp/html/jli/jli_2017/ 2017summer_p018.pdf B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.41/63
42. ( ) ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.42/63
43. B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.43/63
44. with ( ) ( ) : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2021.08.012 ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.44/63
45. DNS : https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9686409 ( ) IP AS B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.45/63
46. ( ) ( ) : https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9686409 ( ) : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2021.08.012 (web ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.46/63
47. ( ) ( ) ( ) : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2021.08.012 ( ) ( ) ( ) : https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9686409 B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.47/63
48. ( ) ( ) : https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9686409 3D ( ) : HACCP ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.48/63
49. 2. Ethereum macOS (Monterey 12.6) + Homebrew Linux (Ubuntu 22.04) (x86/AMD64 and ARM) Windows 10 + Windows Subsystem for Linux (Ubuntu ) Ethereum solidity brownie B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.49/63
50. Solidity Ethereum ( ) http://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installing-solidity.html Linux (on Windows) “sudo apt”, macOS “brew” Linux ARM git clone dependencies solc 0.8.16 (9/6 ) $ solc --version brownie py-solc-x solc (dependencies) ( solc py-solc-x ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.50/63
51. Ganache CLI Ethereum RPC npm ( ) macOS https://qiita.com/kyosuke5_20/items/c5f68fc9d89b84c0df09 Linux https://qiita.com/seibe/items/36cef7df85fe2cefa3ea npm Ganache CLI $ sudo npm install -g ganache-cli B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.51/63
52. Python3 macOS $ brew install python3 Python 3.8 Homebrew $ brew uninstall --ignore-dependencies python@3.9 $ brew install python@3.8 /usr/local/opt/python@3.8/bin/python3 Linux $ sudo apt update $ sudo apt install python3.8 python3.8-dev python3.8-venv python3.8-tk 16.10 python3(.8) apt (PPA ) python3 python3-dev python3-venv python3-tk B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.52/63
53. macOS : . . . macOS wget brew dyld: Library not loaded: /usr/local/opt/gettext/lib/libintl.8.dylib $ brew uninstall --force gettext $ brew install gettext B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.53/63
54. Python (venv) macOS (Linux python3 ) ‘python3.8’ ‘python3’ $ python3.8 -m venv bbc1env $ source bbc1env/bin/activate (bbc1env) $ pip install -U pip (bbc1env) $ pip install wheel bbc1env ( BBc-1 ) ( ) (bbc1env) $ deactivate B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.54/63
55. Brownie Python Ethereum https://eth-brownie.readthedocs.io Brownie $ pip install eth-brownie version 1.19.1 (9/6 ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.55/63
56. $ brownie init ( ERC-20 ) $ brownie bake token $ cd token B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.56/63
57. contracts (macOS Linux (x86/AMD64) ) $ brownie compile Linux (ARM) (AMD64 ) $ python # >>> import solcx >>> solcx.compile_solc(’0.6.12’) # >>> quit() /tmp ∼/.solcx/solc-v0.6.12 ( ) $ pytest tests B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.57/63
58. Brownie $ brownie console Python >>> len(accounts) 10 >>> accounts[0].balance() 100000000000000000000 >>> quit() B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.58/63
59. 3. Ethereum Görli B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.59/63
60. infura.io Brownie https://infura.io SIGN UP PROJECT ID infura Ethereum API infura . . . infura.io PROJECT ID WEB3_INFURA_PROJECT_ID PROJECT ID (∼/.bash_profile ) $ export WEB3_INFURA_PROJECT_ID= PROJECT ID B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.60/63
61. G¨ orli ETH brownie console Görli >>> network.disconnect() >>> network.connect(’goerli’) >>> len(accounts) 0 >>> accounts.add() <LocalAccount object ’ 16 ’> >>> accounts[0].private_key 16 >>> quit() Görli Testnet ETH Faucet ETH https://goerlifaucet.com ( ) ( ) https://metamask.io/ B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.61/63
62. G¨ orli ETH brownie console Görli ETH >>> network.disconnect() >>> network.connect(’goerli’) >>> len(accounts) 0 >>> accounts.add( 16 ) <LocalAccount object ’ 16 ’> >>> accounts[0].balace() ETH >>> quit() ETH >>> accounts[0].transfer(accounts[1], "0.01 ether") B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.62/63
63. B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.63/63