ブロックチェーン概論 / Introduction to Blockchain

2022年10月17日(月)、慶應義塾大学大学院メディアデザイン研究科「サービスデザインプロジェクト B」2022秋で使用したスライドです。

Transcript

1. Service Design, generated by Stable Diffusion
   B 2022
   1
   ( )
   B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.1/63
   

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2. https://speakerdeck.com/ks91
   ( )
   ( )
   Discord
   Discord ( / / )
   Zoom URL ( )
   B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.2/63
   

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3. ( )
   SFC ( )
   CSO (Chief Science Officer)
   1993 ( )
   2006 ( )
   SFC
   22 P2P (Peer-to-Peer)
   2011 ( )
   2018 2019
   VR 2021.7 VR 2021.8 “ALL THESE WORLDS ARE YOURS”
   VR 2021.9 & VR 2021.12
   VR 2022.3 VR 2022.8
   → ( )
   B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.3/63
   

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4. (2 )
   https://youtu.be/ZHdP9BKuQX8
   JCSG2022 —
   Academy Camp VR Cells VRChat
   https://vrchat.com/home/launch?worldId=wrld_2f8602af-a7ea-42a4-833b-789261f55205
   Steam and/or Quest 2
   Stable Diffusion / MidJourney
   3D ( )
   B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.4/63
   

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5. . . . ( )
   2018
   1 2 2018
   OK Google, Google
   ( )
   Python
   ( )
   ∈
   Alexa,
   B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.5/63
   

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6. Alexa,
   ত࿨࣌୅ ੈلޙ൒
   ࣾձγεςϜ
   ࣾձ؀ڥ
   ػց
   ٕज़
   ਓؒ ࣗಈγεςϜ
   ྩ࿨࣌୅ ੈلલ൒
   ిؾ͚ͭͯ ͸͍ ͸͍
   ిؾ͚ͭͯ
   ͜ͷ৚݅ͷͱ͖
   
   ٕज़Ͱ͋Γࣾձ؀ڥˠࣗવ؀ڥ
   ਓ
   ⇒
   ( )
   Web3 B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.6/63
   

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7. — ( )
   ( )
   “FinTech — Financial Innovation and the Internet” ( )
   ( ) ( )
   B — (2020 ∼)
   ( )
   → ( )
   https://speakerdeck.com/ks91
   B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.7/63
   

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8. (?) (1)
   2020 9
   60 (2020)
   :
   ( )
   . . .
   = ( )
   B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.8/63
   

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9. (?) (2)
   (2020)
   :
   ( )
   B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.9/63
   

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10. ( )
    Python 3 Ethereum
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.10/63
    

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11. B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.11/63
    

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12. (1/2) —
    World Wide Web
    COVID-19
    2020
    1990 World Wide Web
    (← )
    End-to-End ( ) ( )
    ( )
    End-to-End
    ( )
    2008
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.12/63
    

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13. (2/2) —
    ( web3 )
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.13/63
    

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14. ←
    Python
    Flask (Python )
    Ethereum
    Brownie (Python Ethereum )
    BBc-1 ( )
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.14/63
    

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15. ( 2 )
    ( )
    Discord miro
    VR Discord miro
    ( ) ( : )
    . . .
    : ( )
    : DApp ( )
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.15/63
    

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16. ( ) 25%
    25%
    20%
    30%
    ( )
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.16/63
    

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17. ( )
    1 10 17 •
    2 10 24
    3 10 31 1
    4 11 7 2
    5 11 14 1
    6 11 21 2
    7 11 28
    8 12 5
    Discord
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.17/63
    

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18. 1.
    2. Ethereum
    3.
    ↑
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.18/63
    

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19. / STAND ALONE COMPLEX
    Yes.
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.19/63
    

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20. ( )
    ੪౻
    0DVMVT2VFTU
    खݩͷΩʔϘʔυ
    ࣮ߦ
    )%.*
    #MVFUPPUI
    #MVFUPPUI
    खݩͷτϥοΫϘʔϧ
    .BD1SP
    ໨ͷલͷσΟεϓϨΠ
    എޙͷ..BD#PPL"JS
    "QQMF
    3FNPUF%FTLUPQ
    0DVMVT
    3FNPUF%FTLUPQ
    )PSJ[PO8PSLSPPNT
    VT2VFTU
    MacBook Air
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.20/63
    

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21. 1.
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.21/63
    

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22. ެ։୆ா
    ެ։Ͱͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍
    
    ʜ
    ຊਓ
    ɾૹۚه࿥
    ɾίʔυ
    ɾσʔλͷมԽ
    ɾ࣮ߦϩά
    ݕӾͰ͖Δୈࡾऀ
    ͜Εɺ
    ه࿥͍ͨ͠Μ͚ͩͲ
    ͋ͳͨ͸
    ॻ͍ͨΒμϝ
    ͜ͷ಺༰͸
    ॻ͍ͨΒμϝ
    ॻ͍ͪΌͬͨͷʁ
    ͜͏ॻ͖׵͑·͠ΐ͏
    ॻ͍ͯͳ͍ͷʁ
    ͜͏ॻ͔Εͨ͜ͱʹ
    ͠·͠ΐ͏
    ॻ͍ͪΌͬͨͷʁ
    ফ͠·͠ΐ͏
    %P4 ߈ܸͱ͔Ͱ
    ๦֐ͯ͠ࢭΊ·͠ΐ͏
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.22/63
    

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23. ( )
    ( )
    ( )
    ↓
    ( ( ))
    (BP : Blockchain Property )
    BP-1 : ( )
    BP-2 : ( ( ) )
    BP-3 : ( )
    ( ) ( )
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.23/63
    

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24. ( )
    (LIFO : Last In, First Out)
    ( )
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.24/63
    

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25. ( ) ( )
    ( )
    (
    ) ( 16
    )
    SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm)
    ( ) 1bit
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.25/63
    

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26. ( ) ( )
    < , >
    ( )
    ←
    : < , >
    :
    : < , , >
    : OK ( 1 ) NG ( )
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.26/63
    

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27. BP-1 ( ), BP-2 ( )
    BBc-1 f : → BP-3
    ( )
    ( )
    ( ) ← BP-2
    ← BP-3 ( ) (BP-2 )
    ( ) ← BP-3 (?)
    + ← BP-{1,2}
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.27/63
    

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28. [Lamport 1984][Schneider 1990]
    (1)
    (2)
    (3)
    (4) ( )
    ←
    ↑
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.28/63
    

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29. TX : transaction
    ( 4 TX )
    SMRP (State Machine Replication Problem)
    SMRP-1 ( )
    SMRP-2
    :
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.29/63
    

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30. ( ) ( )
    ϒϩοΫ൪߸O ϒϩοΫ൪߸O ϒϩοΫ൪߸O ϒϩοΫ൪߸O
    ϒϩοΫ൪߸O ϒϩοΫ൪߸O ϒϩοΫ൪߸O
    ϒϩοΫ൪߸O
    ͍ͪ͹Μه࿥ɾॻ͖׵͑ͷίετ͕ߴ͍ྺ࢙ ࠷΋վ͟Μ͠ʹ͍͘ྺ࢙
    ͕༗ޮ
    ͻͱͭखલͷϒϩοΫͷ
    ʮμΠδΣετʯ
    σδλϧॺ໊͞Εͨ
    ʮτϥϯβΫγϣϯ औҾ
    ʯ
    ϒϩοΫΛ࡞ΔͨΊʹ͸ɺͦͷʮμΠδΣετʯ͕͋Δ਺ҎԼͱ͍͏৚݅Λຬͨͨ͠Γ 1SPPGPG8PSL
    
    Ծ૝௨՟ͷ࣋ͪ෼ʹԠͨ͡ݖརΛ࢖ͬͨ౤ථͰউͬͨΓ 1SPPGPG4UBLF
    ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ ίετ͕͔͔Δ
    
    ϒϩοΫΛ࡞Δਓ͸ͦͷதʹࣗ෼ʹѼͯͨ
    Ծ૝௨՟ͰͷใुΛॻ͖ࠐΉ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ɺ
    ͦͷϒϩοΫ͕༗ޮͳྺ࢙ͷதʹ͋Δ৔߹ʹ
    ݶΓใु΋༗ޮͱͳΔ
    τϥϯβΫγϣϯͷଘࡏΛ֬ೝ͢Δ
    ͨΊͷޮ཰తͳํ๏͕ఏڙ͞ΕΔ
    ਖ਼౰ੑ ଘࡏੑ
    །Ұੑ
    Proof of Work ( )
    . . . →
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.30/63
    

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31. (BP-3 ) ( : )
    (BP-3 ) ( : )
    ← NFT
    BP-{1,2,3}
    BP-{1, 2}
    ⇒
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.31/63
    

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32. (Confidentiality)
    BP-{1,2,3}
    ↑
    ( = )
    (Integrity)
    BP-3
    (Availability)
    BP-2
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.32/63
    

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33. 2009
    ↑
    13
    ( 5 )
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.33/63
    

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34. ( )
    ADR (Active (space) Debris Removal)
    : https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSS.2018.2890655
    (1930 )
    ( )
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.34/63
    

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35. ( )
    ( )
    ( )
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.35/63
    

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36. ( )
    ( - )
    : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.05.019
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.36/63
    

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37. ( )
    ( )
    ( )
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.37/63
    

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38. ( )
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.38/63
    

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39. / ( )
    ( )
    ( )
    ( )
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.39/63
    

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40. ( )
    ( )
    ( )
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.40/63
    

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41. ( )
    : https://www.lij.jp/html/jli/jli_2017/
    2017summer_p018.pdf
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.41/63
    

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42. ( )
    ( )
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.42/63
    

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43. B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.43/63
    

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44. with
    ( )
    ( )
    : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2021.08.012
    ( )
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.44/63
    

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45. DNS
    : https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9686409 ( )
    IP
    AS
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.45/63
    

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46. ( )
    ( )
    :
    https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9686409
    ( )
    : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2021.08.012
    (web )
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.46/63
    

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47. ( )
    ( )
    ( )
    : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2021.08.012
    ( )
    ( )
    ( )
    :
    https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9686409
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.47/63
    

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48. ( )
    ( )
    :
    https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9686409
    3D
    ( )
    :
    HACCP ( )
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.48/63
    

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49. 2. Ethereum
    macOS (Monterey 12.6) + Homebrew
    Linux (Ubuntu 22.04) (x86/AMD64 and ARM)
    Windows 10 + Windows Subsystem for Linux (Ubuntu )
    Ethereum solidity brownie
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.49/63
    

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50. Solidity
    Ethereum ( )
    http://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installing-solidity.html
    Linux (on Windows) “sudo apt”, macOS “brew”
    Linux ARM
    git clone dependencies
    solc 0.8.16 (9/6 )
    $ solc --version
    brownie py-solc-x
    solc (dependencies) ( solc py-solc-x )
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.50/63
    

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51. Ganache CLI
    Ethereum RPC
    npm ( )
    macOS
    https://qiita.com/kyosuke5_20/items/c5f68fc9d89b84c0df09
    Linux
    https://qiita.com/seibe/items/36cef7df85fe2cefa3ea
    npm Ganache CLI
    $ sudo npm install -g ganache-cli
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.51/63
    

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52. Python3
    macOS
    $ brew install python3
    Python
    3.8
    Homebrew
    $ brew uninstall --ignore-dependencies python@3.9
    $ brew install python@3.8
    /usr/local/opt/python@3.8/bin/python3
    Linux
    $ sudo apt update
    $ sudo apt install python3.8 python3.8-dev python3.8-venv python3.8-tk
    16.10 python3(.8) apt (PPA )
    python3
    python3-dev python3-venv python3-tk
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.52/63
    

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53. macOS : . . .
    macOS wget brew
    dyld: Library not loaded: /usr/local/opt/gettext/lib/libintl.8.dylib
    $ brew uninstall --force gettext
    $ brew install gettext
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.53/63
    

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54. Python (venv)
    macOS (Linux python3 ) ‘python3.8’ ‘python3’
    $ python3.8 -m venv bbc1env
    $ source bbc1env/bin/activate
    (bbc1env) $ pip install -U pip
    (bbc1env) $ pip install wheel
    bbc1env ( BBc-1 )
    ( )
    (bbc1env) $ deactivate
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.54/63
    

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55. Brownie
    Python Ethereum
    https://eth-brownie.readthedocs.io
    Brownie
    $ pip install eth-brownie
    version 1.19.1 (9/6 )
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.55/63
    

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56. $ brownie init
    ( ERC-20 )
    $ brownie bake token
    $ cd token
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.56/63
    

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57. contracts
    (macOS Linux (x86/AMD64) )
    $ brownie compile
    Linux (ARM) (AMD64 )
    $ python #
    >>> import solcx
    >>> solcx.compile_solc(’0.6.12’) #
    >>> quit()
    /tmp ∼/.solcx/solc-v0.6.12
    ( )
    $ pytest tests
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.57/63
    

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58. Brownie
    $ brownie console
    Python
    >>> len(accounts)
    10
    >>> accounts[0].balance()
    100000000000000000000
    >>> quit()
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.58/63
    

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59. 3.
    Ethereum Görli
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.59/63
    

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60. infura.io Brownie
    https://infura.io SIGN UP PROJECT ID
    infura Ethereum API
    infura . . .
    infura.io
    PROJECT ID
    WEB3_INFURA_PROJECT_ID
    PROJECT ID (∼/.bash_profile )
    $ export WEB3_INFURA_PROJECT_ID= PROJECT ID
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.60/63
    

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61. G¨
    orli ETH
    brownie console Görli
    >>> network.disconnect()
    >>> network.connect(’goerli’)
    >>> len(accounts)
    0
    >>> accounts.add()
    
    >>> accounts[0].private_key
    16
    >>> quit()
    Görli Testnet ETH Faucet ETH
    https://goerlifaucet.com ( )
    ( )
    https://metamask.io/
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.61/63
    

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62. G¨
    orli ETH
    brownie console Görli ETH
    >>> network.disconnect()
    >>> network.connect(’goerli’)
    >>> len(accounts)
    0
    >>> accounts.add( 16 )
    
    >>> accounts[0].balace()
    ETH
    >>> quit()
    ETH
    >>> accounts[0].transfer(accounts[1], "0.01 ether")
    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.62/63
    

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63. B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.63/63
    

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