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ブロックチェーン概論 / Introduction to Blockchain

ブロックチェーン概論 / Introduction to Blockchain

2022年10月17日(月)、慶應義塾大学大学院メディアデザイン研究科「サービスデザインプロジェクト B」2022秋で使用したスライドです。

Kenji Saito

October 17, 2022
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  1. Service Design, generated by Stable Diffusion B 2022 1 (

    ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.1/63
  2. https://speakerdeck.com/ks91 ( ) ( ) Discord Discord ( / /

    ) Zoom URL ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.2/63
  3. ( ) SFC ( ) CSO (Chief Science Officer) 1993

    ( ) 2006 ( ) SFC 22 P2P (Peer-to-Peer) 2011 ( ) 2018 2019 VR 2021.7 VR 2021.8 “ALL THESE WORLDS ARE YOURS” VR 2021.9 & VR 2021.12 VR 2022.3 VR 2022.8 → ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.3/63
  4. (2 ) https://youtu.be/ZHdP9BKuQX8 JCSG2022 — Academy Camp VR Cells VRChat

    https://vrchat.com/home/launch?worldId=wrld_2f8602af-a7ea-42a4-833b-789261f55205 Steam and/or Quest 2 Stable Diffusion / MidJourney 3D ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.4/63
  5. . . . ( ) 2018 1 2 2018 OK

    Google, Google ( ) Python ( ) ∈ Alexa, B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.5/63
  6. Alexa, ত࿨࣌୅ ੈلޙ൒ ࣾձγεςϜ ࣾձ؀ڥ ػց ٕज़ ਓؒ ࣗಈγεςϜ ྩ࿨࣌୅

    ੈلલ൒ ిؾ͚ͭͯ ͸͍ ͸͍ ిؾ͚ͭͯ ͜ͷ৚݅ͷͱ͖ ٕज़Ͱ͋Γࣾձ؀ڥˠࣗવ؀ڥ ਓ ⇒ ( ) Web3 B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.6/63
  7. — ( ) ( ) “FinTech — Financial Innovation and

    the Internet” ( ) ( ) ( ) B — (2020 ∼) ( ) → ( ) https://speakerdeck.com/ks91 B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.7/63
  8. (?) (1) 2020 9 60 (2020) : ( ) .

    . . = ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.8/63
  9. (?) (2) (2020) : ( ) B 2022 — 1

    — 2022-10-17 – p.9/63
  10. (1/2) — World Wide Web COVID-19 2020 1990 World Wide

    Web (← ) End-to-End ( ) ( ) ( ) End-to-End ( ) 2008 B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.12/63
  11. (2/2) — ( web3 ) B 2022 — 1 —

    2022-10-17 – p.13/63
  12. ← Python Flask (Python ) Ethereum Brownie (Python Ethereum )

    BBc-1 ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.14/63
  13. ( 2 ) ( ) Discord miro VR Discord miro

    ( ) ( : ) . . . : ( ) : DApp ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.15/63
  14. ( ) 25% 25% 20% 30% ( ) B 2022

    — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.16/63
  15. ( ) 1 10 17 • 2 10 24 3

    10 31 1 4 11 7 2 5 11 14 1 6 11 21 2 7 11 28 8 12 5 Discord B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.17/63
  16. ( ) ੪౻ 0DVMVT2VFTU खݩͷΩʔϘʔυ ࣮ߦ )%.* #MVFUPPUI #MVFUPPUI खݩͷτϥοΫϘʔϧ

    .BD1SP ໨ͷલͷσΟεϓϨΠ എޙͷ..BD#PPL"JS "QQMF 3FNPUF%FTLUPQ 0DVMVT 3FNPUF%FTLUPQ )PSJ[PO8PSLSPPNT VT2VFTU MacBook Air B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.20/63
  17. ެ։୆ா ެ։Ͱͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ ʜ ຊਓ ɾૹۚه࿥ ɾίʔυ ɾσʔλͷมԽ ɾ࣮ߦϩά ݕӾͰ͖Δୈࡾऀ ͜Εɺ

    ه࿥͍ͨ͠Μ͚ͩͲ ͋ͳͨ͸ ॻ͍ͨΒμϝ ͜ͷ಺༰͸ ॻ͍ͨΒμϝ ॻ͍ͪΌͬͨͷʁ ͜͏ॻ͖׵͑·͠ΐ͏ ॻ͍ͯͳ͍ͷʁ ͜͏ॻ͔Εͨ͜ͱʹ ͠·͠ΐ͏ ॻ͍ͪΌͬͨͷʁ ফ͠·͠ΐ͏ %P4 ߈ܸͱ͔Ͱ ๦֐ͯ͠ࢭΊ·͠ΐ͏ B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.22/63
  18. ( ) ( ) ( ) ↓ ( ( ))

    (BP : Blockchain Property ) BP-1 : ( ) BP-2 : ( ( ) ) BP-3 : ( ) ( ) ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.23/63
  19. ( ) (LIFO : Last In, First Out) ( )

    B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.24/63
  20. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 16

    ) SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm) ( ) 1bit B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.25/63
  21. ( ) ( ) < , > ( ) ←

    : < , > : : < , , > : OK ( 1 ) NG ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.26/63
  22. BP-1 ( ), BP-2 ( ) BBc-1 f : →

    BP-3 ( ) ( ) ( ) ← BP-2 ← BP-3 ( ) (BP-2 ) ( ) ← BP-3 (?) + ← BP-{1,2} B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.27/63
  23. [Lamport 1984][Schneider 1990] (1) (2) (3) (4) ( ) ←

    ↑ B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.28/63
  24. TX : transaction ( 4 TX ) SMRP (State Machine

    Replication Problem) SMRP-1 ( ) SMRP-2 : B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.29/63
  25. ( ) ( ) ϒϩοΫ൪߸O ϒϩοΫ൪߸O  ϒϩοΫ൪߸O  ϒϩοΫ൪߸O

     ϒϩοΫ൪߸O  ϒϩοΫ൪߸O  ϒϩοΫ൪߸O  ϒϩοΫ൪߸O  ͍ͪ͹Μه࿥ɾॻ͖׵͑ͷίετ͕ߴ͍ྺ࢙ ࠷΋վ͟Μ͠ʹ͍͘ྺ࢙ ͕༗ޮ ͻͱͭखલͷϒϩοΫͷ ʮμΠδΣετʯ σδλϧॺ໊͞Εͨ ʮτϥϯβΫγϣϯ औҾ ʯ ϒϩοΫΛ࡞ΔͨΊʹ͸ɺͦͷʮμΠδΣετʯ͕͋Δ਺ҎԼͱ͍͏৚݅Λຬͨͨ͠Γ 1SPPGPG8PSL Ծ૝௨՟ͷ࣋ͪ෼ʹԠͨ͡ݖརΛ࢖ͬͨ౤ථͰউͬͨΓ 1SPPGPG4UBLF ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ ίετ͕͔͔Δ ϒϩοΫΛ࡞Δਓ͸ͦͷதʹࣗ෼ʹѼͯͨ Ծ૝௨՟ͰͷใुΛॻ͖ࠐΉ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ɺ ͦͷϒϩοΫ͕༗ޮͳྺ࢙ͷதʹ͋Δ৔߹ʹ ݶΓใु΋༗ޮͱͳΔ τϥϯβΫγϣϯͷଘࡏΛ֬ೝ͢Δ ͨΊͷޮ཰తͳํ๏͕ఏڙ͞ΕΔ ਖ਼౰ੑ ଘࡏੑ །Ұੑ Proof of Work ( ) . . . → B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.30/63
  26. (BP-3 ) ( : ) (BP-3 ) ( : )

    ← NFT BP-{1,2,3} BP-{1, 2} ⇒ B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.31/63
  27. 2009 ↑ 13 ( 5 ) B 2022 — 1

    — 2022-10-17 – p.33/63
  28. ( ) ( ) ( ) B 2022 — 1

    — 2022-10-17 – p.35/63
  29. ( ) ( ) ( ) B 2022 — 1

    — 2022-10-17 – p.37/63
  30. / ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) B

    2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.39/63
  31. ( ) ( ) ( ) B 2022 — 1

    — 2022-10-17 – p.40/63
  32. ( ) ( ) ( ) : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2021.08.012 ( )

    ( ) ( ) : https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9686409 B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.47/63
  33. ( ) ( ) : https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9686409 3D ( ) :

    HACCP ( ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.48/63
  34. 2. Ethereum macOS (Monterey 12.6) + Homebrew Linux (Ubuntu 22.04)

    (x86/AMD64 and ARM) Windows 10 + Windows Subsystem for Linux (Ubuntu ) Ethereum solidity brownie B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.49/63
  35. Solidity Ethereum ( ) http://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installing-solidity.html Linux (on Windows) “sudo apt”,

    macOS “brew” Linux ARM git clone dependencies solc 0.8.16 (9/6 ) $ solc --version brownie py-solc-x solc (dependencies) ( solc py-solc-x ) B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.50/63
  36. Ganache CLI Ethereum RPC npm ( ) macOS https://qiita.com/kyosuke5_20/items/c5f68fc9d89b84c0df09 Linux

    https://qiita.com/seibe/items/36cef7df85fe2cefa3ea npm Ganache CLI $ sudo npm install -g ganache-cli B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.51/63
  37. Python3 macOS $ brew install python3 Python 3.8 Homebrew $

    brew uninstall --ignore-dependencies [email protected] $ brew install [email protected] /usr/local/opt/[email protected]/bin/python3 Linux $ sudo apt update $ sudo apt install python3.8 python3.8-dev python3.8-venv python3.8-tk 16.10 python3(.8) apt (PPA ) python3 python3-dev python3-venv python3-tk B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.52/63
  38. macOS : . . . macOS wget brew dyld: Library

    not loaded: /usr/local/opt/gettext/lib/libintl.8.dylib $ brew uninstall --force gettext $ brew install gettext B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.53/63
  39. Python (venv) macOS (Linux python3 ) ‘python3.8’ ‘python3’ $ python3.8

    -m venv bbc1env $ source bbc1env/bin/activate (bbc1env) $ pip install -U pip (bbc1env) $ pip install wheel bbc1env ( BBc-1 ) ( ) (bbc1env) $ deactivate B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.54/63
  40. $ brownie init ( ERC-20 ) $ brownie bake token

    $ cd token B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.56/63
  41. contracts (macOS Linux (x86/AMD64) ) $ brownie compile Linux (ARM)

    (AMD64 ) $ python # >>> import solcx >>> solcx.compile_solc(’0.6.12’) # >>> quit() /tmp ∼/.solcx/solc-v0.6.12 ( ) $ pytest tests B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.57/63
  42. Brownie $ brownie console Python >>> len(accounts) 10 >>> accounts[0].balance()

    100000000000000000000 >>> quit() B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.58/63
  43. infura.io Brownie https://infura.io SIGN UP PROJECT ID infura Ethereum API

    infura . . . infura.io PROJECT ID WEB3_INFURA_PROJECT_ID PROJECT ID (∼/.bash_profile ) $ export WEB3_INFURA_PROJECT_ID= PROJECT ID B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.60/63
  44. G¨ orli ETH brownie console Görli >>> network.disconnect() >>> network.connect(’goerli’)

    >>> len(accounts) 0 >>> accounts.add() <LocalAccount object ’ 16 ’> >>> accounts[0].private_key 16 >>> quit() Görli Testnet ETH Faucet ETH https://goerlifaucet.com ( ) ( ) https://metamask.io/ B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.61/63
  45. G¨ orli ETH brownie console Görli ETH >>> network.disconnect() >>>

    network.connect(’goerli’) >>> len(accounts) 0 >>> accounts.add( 16 ) <LocalAccount object ’ 16 ’> >>> accounts[0].balace() ETH >>> quit() ETH >>> accounts[0].transfer(accounts[1], "0.01 ether") B 2022 — 1 — 2022-10-17 – p.62/63