Web3 と「所有」の行方 / Web3 and the Future of Ownership

2022年10月5日(水)、情報未来研究会での講演にて使用したスライドです。

Transcript

1. Ownership based on scarcity and exclusion? — image generated by Stable Diffusion
   Web3
   Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.1/27
   

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2. ( )
   SFC ( )
   CSO (Chief Science Officer)
   1993 ( )
   2006 ( )
   SFC
   21 P2P (Peer-to-Peer)
   2011 ( )
   2018 2019
   VR 2021.7 VR 2021.8 “ALL THESE WORLDS ARE YOURS”
   VR 2021.9 & VR 2021.12
   VR 2022.3 VR 2022.8
   → ( )
   Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.2/27
   

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3. Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.3/27
   

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4. ެ։୆ா
   ެ։Ͱͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍
   
   ʜ
   ຊਓ
   ɾૹۚه࿥
   ɾίʔυ
   ɾσʔλͷมԽ
   ɾ࣮ߦϩά
   ݕӾͰ͖Δୈࡾऀ
   ͜Εɺ
   ه࿥͍ͨ͠Μ͚ͩͲ
   ͋ͳͨ͸
   ॻ͍ͨΒμϝ
   ͜ͷ಺༰͸
   ॻ͍ͨΒμϝ
   ॻ͍ͪΌͬͨͷʁ
   ͜͏ॻ͖׵͑·͠ΐ͏
   ॻ͍ͯͳ͍ͷʁ
   ͜͏ॻ͔Εͨ͜ͱʹ
   ͠·͠ΐ͏
   ॻ͍ͪΌͬͨͷʁ
   ফ͠·͠ΐ͏
   %P4 ߈ܸͱ͔Ͱ
   ๦֐ͯ͠ࢭΊ·͠ΐ͏
   Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.4/27
   

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5. ( )
   = =
   :
   . . .
   ( : )
   ( )
   . . .
   . . .
   . . .
   Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.5/27
   

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6. ⇒
   ( )
   . . .
   . . .
   ( )
   Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.6/27
   

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7. 
   
   
   
   
   ߹ҙ͞Εͨਖ਼࢙ ϩʔΧϧʹෳ੡Λҡ࣋
   
   ϒϩοΫ ҉߸ֶతμΠδΣετ
   ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯͷҡ࣋ࢀՃऀ͕ϩʔΧϧʹ؅ཧ͢Δσʔλۭؒ
   ࣌ؒ ΑΓ৽͍͠ه࿥
   
   τϥϯβΫγϣϯ
   ΦϒδΣΫτͷੜ੒
   ·ͨ͸ϝοηʔδ
   
   ܨ͙ͨΊʹ͸ίετ͕͔͔Δ
   ΦϒδΣΫτ τʔΫϯγεςϜ౳
   
   ঢ়ଶભҠ
   ɹ
   ঢ়
   ଶ
   ม
   Խ
   ͷ
   ࢦ
   ࣔ
   ޱ࠲࢒ߴ౳
   ɹͷঢ়ଶ
   ঢ়ଶ`
   
   ϝ
   ỽ
   η
   ồ
   δ
   DAG(Directed
   Acyclic Graph;
   )
   (
   )
   Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.7/27
   

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8. DeFi ( )
   DeFi : Decentralized Finace
   (DEX)
   : (1 )
   (2021-11-17)
   Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.8/27
   

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9. NFT ( )
   NFT : Non-Fungible Token
   ( )
   (1 ) → fungible token
   (1 ) → NFT
   Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.9/27
   

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10. NFT
    ( ) (NFT )
    Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.10/27
    

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11. ERC-721
    ERC (Ethereum Request for Comments) 721 (721 )
    https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-721.md
    interface ERC721 {
    function balanceOf(address _owner) external view returns (uint256);
    function ownerOf(uint256 _tokenId) external view returns (address);
    function safeTransferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _tokenId,
    . . .
    ) external payable;
    :
    }
    interface ERC721TokenReceiver {
    function onERC721Received(
    .. .
    , uint256 _tokenId,
    . . .
    ) external returns(bytes4);
    }
    interface ERC721Metadata {
    function name() external view returns (string _name);
    function symbol() external view returns (string _symbol);
    function tokenURI(uint256 _tokenId) external view returns (string);
    }
    tokenURI URL ( ) ( )
    Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.11/27
    

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12. NFT ( )
    τʔΫϯ *%
    ൪߸
    63*
    ΞυϨε
    63*
    /'5
    Ұҙ
    Ұҙʁ Ұҙʁ
    Ұҙʁ
    Ұҙ
    ࣄ্࣮Ұҙ
    ϝλσʔλ
    ίϯτϥΫτͱ͍͏ఆٛҬ ˞ͦͷίϯτϥΫτͱ͍͏ఆٛҬͷதͰ
    ɹ࣮ઢ໼ҹͰࣔͨ͠ҰҙੑΛอূ͢Δʹա͗ͳ͍
    ˞ഁઢ໼ҹͰࣔͨ͠Ұҙੑ͸ɺ࣮૷ɾӡ༻ͷ޻෉࣍ୈͰอূͰ͖Δɻ
    ɹྫ͑͹ɺ63- ͕ͦΕ͕ࢦ͢Ϧιʔεͷ҉߸ֶతμΠδΣετΛؚΉ
    ɹ ྫ *1'4 ͷར༻
    ͜ͱͰʮ63*ˠσʔλʯͷҰҙੑΛอͯΔɻ
    ˞63* 6OJGPSN3FTPVSDF*EFOUJpFS౷Ұࢿݯࣝผࢠ
    ͱͯ͠͸
    ɹ63- 6OJGPSN3FTPVSDF-PDBUPS౷ҰࢿݯҐஔࢦఆࢠ
    ͕Α͘༻͍ΒΕΔɻ
    ର৅σʔλ
    ը૾౳
    ॴ༗ऀ
    ϝλσʔλ 63* ର৅σʔλ 63*
    ൿີ伴
    Ұҙ
    Ұҙʁ
    Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.12/27
    

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13. NFT
    NFT URL
    Marlinspike, M.: My first impressions of web3 (2022)
    Web3
    . . .
    URL
    ↑ NFT → → NFT
    NFT ↔
    →NFT
    Lazy Minting NFT
    ( )
    Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.13/27
    

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14. NFT
    < , ID>
    ERC-721 ←
    OK
    NFT . . .
    ID
    →
    ID NFT
    NFT
    URL
    . . .
    URL
    . . .
    →NFT
    Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.14/27
    

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15. NFT
    NFT
    . . .
    NFT ( )
    ↑
    ID
    . . .
    Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.15/27
    

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16. NFT :
    ERC-721 NFT
    NFT (ID)
    NFT → URI
    NFT
    ( NFT )
    (ID)
    (URI) → NFT ( )
    URI → ( )
    → ( )
    NFT
    NFT NFT
    Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.16/27
    

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17. Web3
    Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.17/27
    

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18. Web 1-2-3
    ͍ΘΏΔ
    8FC
    8FC
    888ਖ਼࢙తͳྲྀΕ
    ۚ༥͸ແؔ܎
    
    Ϣʔβࣗ਎͕σʔλͷੜ࢈ऀʹ
    ͪΐͬͱ
    ࿩͕ζϨΔ
    ͔ͳΓ
    ࿩͕ζϨΔ
    ࢭ༲
    
    8FC
    ˠXFC
    
    
    
    8FC
    Ϣʔβࣗ਎ͱ
    ެӹͷͨΊʹ
    σʔλ͸ࣗ༝ʹ
    ׆༻Ͱ͖͍ͯΔ͔ʁ
    σʔλΛΦϨͨͪͷ
    खʹऔΓ໭ͤʂ
    ૊৫ʹ
    ؅ཧͤ͞Δͳ
    ͢΂ͯͷ໰୊͸
    ͢΂ͯΛ
    ۚ༥τʔΫϯԽͯ͠
    ղܾ͠Ζ
    #FSOFST-FF ͷ
    #FSOFST-FF ͷ
    0` 3FJMMZ ͷ
    8PPE ͷ
    #JUDPJO
    &UIFSFVN
    Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.18/27
    

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19. Web3 (1/3)
    Web 1.0 (Berners-Lee, 1989) : World Wide Web
    ( )
    Web 2.0 (O’Reilly, 2005) :
    →
    ⇑ Web 3.0 web3
    Web 3.0 (Berners-Lee, 2006) :
    Web ( ) →
    Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.19/27
    

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20. Web3 (2/3)
    Web 3.0 (Wood, 2014) → web3 :
    4
    (1) (Ethereum )
    (2) ( ) (Ethereum )
    (3) ( ) (Ethereum )
    · ( (1) )
    (4) (web Ethereum )
    (4) {Javascript|Python} web3.{js|py}
    (2014∼)
    Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.20/27
    

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21. Web3 (3/3)
    . . .
    Web3
    — Olga Kharif, “What You Need to Know About Web3, Crypto’s Attempt to Reinvent the Internet”, Bloomberg (2021)
    ( )
    ( )
    →
    ( )
    ( )
    Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.21/27
    

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22. DAO ( )
    DAO : Decentralized Autonomous Organization
    Vitalik Buterin (Ethereum )
    https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/05/06/daos-dacs-das-and-more-an-incomplete-terminology-guide/
    (1)
    (2) ( )
    (3)
    DAO
    . . .
    /
    Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.22/27
    

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23. DAO
    (1) ( )
    (2)
    (3)
    . . .
    (a) ( )
    (b) ( )
    https://medium.com/coinmonks/beanstalk-exploit-a-simplified-post-mortem-analysis-92e6cdb17ace
    Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.23/27
    

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24. MakerDAO
    https://docs.makerdao.com/smart-contract-modules/governance-module
    plot ( )
    drop ( )
    plot eta ( ) exec ( )
    https://github.com/dapphub/ds-chief/blob/master/src/chief.sol
    https://github.com/dapphub/ds-auth/blob/master/src/auth.sol
    https://github.com/dapphub/ds-pause/blob/master/src/pause.sol
    Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.24/27
    

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25. V.Buterin
    ಺෦ࢿຊˢ͋Δ
    ɹɹɹɹˣͳ͍
    தԝʹࣗಈ
    ɹɹɹɹɹWT
    ɹɹɹɹɹɹதԝʹਓؒ
    ׬શͳ "*
    σʔϞϯ
    ϑΥʔϥϜ
    XFC
    αʔϏε
    ϩϘοτΛ࢖໾
    %"0
    %"QQ
    ݹయత૊৫
    ɹɹɹɹɹपԑʹਓؒ
    ɹɹɹɹWT
    पԑʹࣗಈ
    . . .
    ( )
    Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.25/27
    

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26. Web3 :
    ( ) ( )
    DeFi
    DeFi
    Web3 DAO
    SF
    ·
    Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.26/27
    

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27. Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.27/27
    

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