Web3 と「所有」の行方 / Web3 and the Future of Ownership

2022年10月5日(水)、情報未来研究会での講演にて使用したスライドです。

Transcript

1. Ownership based on scarcity and exclusion? — image generated by Stable Diffusion Web3 Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.1/27
2. ( ) SFC ( ) CSO (Chief Science Officer) 1993 ( ) 2006 ( ) SFC 21 P2P (Peer-to-Peer) 2011 ( ) 2018 2019 VR 2021.7 VR 2021.8 “ALL THESE WORLDS ARE YOURS” VR 2021.9 & VR 2021.12 VR 2022.3 VR 2022.8 → ( ) Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.2/27
3. Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.3/27
4. ެ։୆ா ެ։Ͱͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ ʜ ຊਓ ɾૹۚه࿥ ɾίʔυ ɾσʔλͷมԽ ɾ࣮ߦϩά ݕӾͰ͖Δୈࡾऀ ͜Εɺ ه࿥͍ͨ͠Μ͚ͩͲ ͋ͳͨ͸ ॻ͍ͨΒμϝ ͜ͷ಺༰͸ ॻ͍ͨΒμϝ ॻ͍ͪΌͬͨͷʁ ͜͏ॻ͖׵͑·͠ΐ͏ ॻ͍ͯͳ͍ͷʁ ͜͏ॻ͔Εͨ͜ͱʹ ͠·͠ΐ͏ ॻ͍ͪΌͬͨͷʁ ফ͠·͠ΐ͏ %P4 ߈ܸͱ͔Ͱ ๦֐ͯ͠ࢭΊ·͠ΐ͏ Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.4/27
5. ( ) = = : . . . ( : ) ( ) . . . . . . . . . Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.5/27
6. ⇒ ( ) . . . . . . ( ) Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.6/27
7.         ߹ҙ͞Εͨਖ਼࢙ ϩʔΧϧʹෳ੡Λҡ࣋ ϒϩοΫ ҉߸ֶతμΠδΣετ ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯͷҡ࣋ࢀՃऀ͕ϩʔΧϧʹ؅ཧ͢Δσʔλۭؒ ࣌ؒ
   ΑΓ৽͍͠ه࿥ τϥϯβΫγϣϯ ΦϒδΣΫτͷੜ੒
   ·ͨ͸ϝοηʔδ ܨ͙ͨΊʹ͸ίετ͕͔͔Δ ΦϒδΣΫτ τʔΫϯγεςϜ౳ ঢ়ଶભҠ ɹ ঢ় ଶ ม Խ ͷ ࢦ ࣔ ޱ࠲࢒ߴ౳ ɹͷঢ়ଶ ঢ়ଶ`  ϝ ỽ η ồ δ DAG(Directed Acyclic Graph; ) ( ) Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.7/27
8. DeFi ( ) DeFi : Decentralized Finace (DEX) : (1 ) (2021-11-17) Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.8/27
9. NFT ( ) NFT : Non-Fungible Token ( ) (1 ) → fungible token (1 ) → NFT Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.9/27
10. NFT ( ) (NFT ) Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.10/27
11. ERC-721 ERC (Ethereum Request for Comments) 721 (721 ) https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-721.md interface ERC721 { function balanceOf(address _owner) external view returns (uint256); function ownerOf(uint256 _tokenId) external view returns (address); function safeTransferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _tokenId, . . . ) external payable; : } interface ERC721TokenReceiver { function onERC721Received( .. . , uint256 _tokenId, . . . ) external returns(bytes4); } interface ERC721Metadata { function name() external view returns (string _name); function symbol() external view returns (string _symbol); function tokenURI(uint256 _tokenId) external view returns (string); } tokenURI URL ( ) ( ) Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.11/27
12. NFT ( ) τʔΫϯ *% ൪߸ 63* ΞυϨε 63* /'5 Ұҙ Ұҙʁ Ұҙʁ Ұҙʁ Ұҙ ࣄ্࣮Ұҙ ϝλσʔλ ίϯτϥΫτͱ͍͏ఆٛҬ ˞
    ͦͷίϯτϥΫτͱ͍͏ఆٛҬͷதͰ ɹ
    ࣮ઢ໼ҹͰࣔͨ͠ҰҙੑΛอূ͢Δʹա͗ͳ͍ ˞
    ഁઢ໼ҹͰࣔͨ͠Ұҙੑ͸ɺ࣮૷ɾӡ༻ͷ޻෉࣍ୈͰอূͰ͖Δɻ ɹ
    ྫ͑͹ɺ63- ͕ͦΕ͕ࢦ͢Ϧιʔεͷ҉߸ֶతμΠδΣετΛؚΉ ɹ
    ྫ 
    *1'4 ͷར༻ ͜ͱͰʮ63*
    ˠ
    σʔλʯͷҰҙੑΛอͯΔɻ ˞
    63*
    6OJGPSN
    3FTPVSDF
    *EFOUJpFS
    ౷Ұࢿݯࣝผࢠ ͱͯ͠͸ ɹ
    63- 6OJGPSN
    3FTPVSDF
    -PDBUPS
    ౷ҰࢿݯҐஔࢦఆࢠ ͕Α͘༻͍ΒΕΔɻ ର৅σʔλ ը૾౳ ॴ༗ऀ ϝλσʔλ 63* ର৅σʔλ 63* ൿີ伴 Ұҙ Ұҙʁ Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.12/27
13. NFT NFT URL Marlinspike, M.: My first impressions of web3 (2022) Web3 . . . URL ↑ NFT → → NFT NFT ↔ →NFT Lazy Minting NFT ( ) Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.13/27
14. NFT < , ID> ERC-721 ← OK NFT . . . ID → ID NFT NFT URL . . . URL . . . →NFT Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.14/27
15. NFT NFT . . . NFT ( ) ↑ ID . . . Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.15/27
16. NFT : ERC-721 NFT NFT (ID) NFT → URI NFT ( NFT ) (ID) (URI) → NFT ( ) URI → ( ) → ( ) NFT NFT NFT Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.16/27
17. Web3 Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.17/27
18. Web 1-2-3 ͍ΘΏΔ 8FC 8FC 888
    ਖ਼࢙తͳྲྀΕ
    
    
    ۚ༥͸ແؔ܎ Ϣʔβࣗ਎͕σʔλͷੜ࢈ऀʹ ͪΐͬͱ ࿩͕ζϨΔ ͔ͳΓ ࿩͕ζϨΔ ࢭ༲  8FC ˠ
    XFC           8FC Ϣʔβࣗ਎ͱ ެӹͷͨΊʹ σʔλ͸ࣗ༝ʹ ׆༻Ͱ͖͍ͯΔ͔ʁ σʔλΛΦϨͨͪͷ खʹऔΓ໭ͤʂ ૊৫ʹ ؅ཧͤ͞Δͳ ͢΂ͯͷ໰୊͸ ͢΂ͯΛ ۚ༥τʔΫϯԽͯ͠ ղܾ͠Ζ #FSOFST-FF ͷ #FSOFST-FF ͷ 0` 3FJMMZ ͷ 8PPE ͷ #JUDPJO &UIFSFVN Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.18/27
19. Web3 (1/3) Web 1.0 (Berners-Lee, 1989) : World Wide Web ( ) Web 2.0 (O’Reilly, 2005) : → ⇑ Web 3.0 web3 Web 3.0 (Berners-Lee, 2006) : Web ( ) → Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.19/27
20. Web3 (2/3) Web 3.0 (Wood, 2014) → web3 : 4 (1) (Ethereum ) (2) ( ) (Ethereum ) (3) ( ) (Ethereum ) · ( (1) ) (4) (web Ethereum ) (4) {Javascript|Python} web3.{js|py} (2014∼) Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.20/27
21. Web3 (3/3) . . . Web3 — Olga Kharif, “What You Need to Know About Web3, Crypto’s Attempt to Reinvent the Internet”, Bloomberg (2021) ( ) ( ) → ( ) ( ) Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.21/27
22. DAO ( ) DAO : Decentralized Autonomous Organization Vitalik Buterin (Ethereum ) https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/05/06/daos-dacs-das-and-more-an-incomplete-terminology-guide/ (1) (2) ( ) (3) DAO . . . / Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.22/27
23. DAO (1) ( ) (2) (3) . . . (a) ( ) (b) ( ) https://medium.com/coinmonks/beanstalk-exploit-a-simplified-post-mortem-analysis-92e6cdb17ace Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.23/27
24. MakerDAO https://docs.makerdao.com/smart-contract-modules/governance-module plot ( ) drop ( ) plot eta ( ) exec ( ) https://github.com/dapphub/ds-chief/blob/master/src/chief.sol https://github.com/dapphub/ds-auth/blob/master/src/auth.sol https://github.com/dapphub/ds-pause/blob/master/src/pause.sol Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.24/27
25. V.Buterin ಺෦ࢿຊˢ͋Δ ɹɹɹɹˣͳ͍ தԝʹࣗಈ ɹɹɹɹɹWT ɹɹɹɹɹɹதԝʹਓؒ ׬શͳ "* σʔϞϯ ϑΥʔϥϜ XFC αʔϏε ϩϘοτΛ࢖໾ %"0 %"QQ ݹయత૊৫ ɹɹɹɹɹ
    
    पԑʹਓؒ ɹɹɹɹ
    
    WT पԑʹࣗಈ . . . ( ) Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.25/27
26. Web3 : ( ) ( ) DeFi DeFi Web3 DAO SF · Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.26/27
27. Web3 — 2022-10-05 – p.27/27