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PAKDD2023 Tutorial 2: A Gentle Introduction to Technologies Behind Language Models and Recent Achievement in ChatGPT (Parts 3 and 4)

PAKDD2023 Tutorial 2: A Gentle Introduction to Technologies Behind Language Models and Recent Achievement in ChatGPT (Parts 3 and 4)

Jun Suzuki, Kyosuke Nishida, Naoaki Okazaki: "PAKDD 2023 Tutorial 2: A Gentle Introduction to Technologies Behind Language Models and Recent Achievement in ChatGPT," The 27th Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (PAKDD 2023) , May 25, 2023.

Parts 1 and 2: https://www.fai.cds.tohoku.ac.jp/research/activities/
Parts 3 and 4: this deck.
Part 5: https://speakerdeck.com/chokkan/efforts-for-responsible-llms-pakdd-2023-tutorial-2

Kyosuke Nishida

May 25, 2023
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    https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.12712

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    51
    Human
    80.78%
    85.01%
    N/A
    N/A
    98.1%
    98.0%
    89.61%
    N/A
    * Updated
    70.5%*
    (DePlot)
    90.1%*
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    A: 4-shot, CoT prompting
    https://openai.com/research/gpt-4

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    Prompt: Answer question I.1.a. Think step-by-step.
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    User: Below is part of the InstuctGPT paper.
    Could you read and summarize it to me?
    GPT-4: The InstructGPT paper focuses on
    training large language models to follow
    instructions with human feedback. …
    User: Could you explain the process described
    in Figure 2?
    GPT-4: Figure 2 in the InstructGPT paper
    illustrates the three steps of their method:
    1. Supervised fine-tuning (SFT): …
    2. Reward model (RM) training: …
    3. Reinforcement learning using Proximal Policy
    Optimization (PPO): …
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    generate outputs that align better with human
    preferences and follow instructions more
    effectively.
    IUUQTBSYJWPSHBCT

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