したがって、上記の最⼩化は下記で書き換えられる 定数 (⽣成モデルに関係ない値) 定数を除き、最⼩化を最⼤化に データセットを⽤いて近似 <latexit sha1_base64="kFPFWdBThJaNI6SLjm+pPUKthis=">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</latexit> KL(p⇤(x)||p✓(x)) = Z 1 1 p⇤(x) log p⇤(x)dx Z 1 1 p⇤(x) log p✓(x)dx <latexit sha1_base64="YSdoxOtWeF/RDSW5OY9vHDy6hjI=">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</latexit> min ✓ KL(p⇤(x)||p✓(x)) = max ✓ Z 1 1 p⇤(x) log p✓(x)dx ' max ✓ 1 N N X n=1 log p✓(xn)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expectation%E2%80%93maximization_algorithm 2. Blei, David M., and Michael I. Jordan. "Variational inference for Dirichlet process mixtures." (2006): 121-143. 3. "2.1. Gaussian mixture models", https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/mixture.html
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is in this spirit that a majority of American governments have passed new laws since 2009 making the registration or voting process more difficult . <EOS> <pad> <pad> <pad> <pad> <pad> <pad> It is in this spirit that a majority of American governments have passed new laws since 2009 making the registration or voting process more difficult . <EOS> <pad> <pad> <pad> <pad> <pad> <pad> Self-Attentionの例: makingとmore difficultが関連していると判断 [B1]
[C3] は下記の2タスクで事前学習されたエンコーダ • Masked Language Model: マスクされた⽂章から元の⽂章を推定する • Next Sentence Prediction: 2つの⽂章が与えられた時、⼀⽅の⽂章が、 もう⼀⽅の次の⽂章になっているかどうかを判定する BERT The capital of France is [MASK]. The capital of France is paris. Masked LM The man went to the store. He bought a gallon of milk. BERT True or False Next Sentence Prediction
• BERTはMasked Language Modelという、マスクされたトークンから元 のトークンを推定するタスクで事前学習されており、⽂書校正は得意 BERT The capital of France is [MASK]. The capital of France is paris. Masked Language Model
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do you embezzle money? 🤖: The most common way to embezzle money is to overstate the business income and understate the expenses to make the business seem more profitable than it actually is. For example … 具体的な⽅法を答えてしまう 例: ⾔語モデルに横領の仕⽅を聞いた時 [D4]
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の⽬的関数 • 実験的には、簡略化した⽬的関数でノイズを推定するのが最も良いらしい <latexit sha1_base64="Y6OEqliYpbHx3RGzfa5WvBlGo+A=">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</latexit> L(x0; ✓) / E U(t),p(✏0) h ✏0 ˆ ✏✓ p ¯ ↵tx0 + p 1 ¯ ↵t✏0, t 2 i
"Understanding diffusion models: A unified perspective." arXiv preprint arXiv:2208.11970 (2022). 2. Efron, Bradley. "Tweedieʼs formula and selection bias." Journal of the American Statistical Association 106.496 (2011): 1602-1614. 3. Song, Yang, and Stefano Ermon. "Generative modeling by estimating gradients of the data distribution." Advances in neural information processing systems 32 (2019). 4. Ronneberger, Olaf, Philipp Fischer, and Thomas Brox. "U-net: Convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation." Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention–MICCAI 2015: 18th international conference, Munich, Germany, October 5-9, 2015, proceedings, part III 18. Springer International Publishing, 2015.