JS, Rust, Python and the Holy Graal

In the old times, way back, Java used to be the only JVM language. Later on, a few other players entered the field, such as Jython and JRuby. But those were just for scripting, right? It didn’t take long for compiled languages to catch up. With Scala and Kotlin, we have definitely entered the age of polyglot programming on the JVM. The Truffle project – part of GraalVM – is a promising approach to make it easy, efficient, and seamless to run alternative languages on the same VM as Java. This talk will look at the new age of polyglot programming and all the cool things we can do with it.

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1. J S , R u s t , P y t h o n a n d t h e H o l y G r a a l L a r s H u p e l B O B 2 0 2 0 - 0 2 - 2 8
2. T h e o r i g i n s o f J a v a “ 1 9 9 6 – J a m e s G o s l i n g i n v e n t s J a v a . J a v a i s a r e l a t i v e l y v e r b o s e , g a r b a g e c o l l e c t e d , c l a s s b a s e d , s t a t i c a l l y t y p e d , s i n g l e d i s p a t c h , o b j e c t o r i e n t e d l a n g u a g e w i t h s i n g l e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n i n h e r i t a n c e a n d m u l t i p l e i n t e r f a c e i n h e r i t a n c e . S u n l o u d l y h e r a l d s J a v a ’ s n o v e l t y . ” – J a m e s I r y
4. J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y 1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n
5. J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y 1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n 2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y
6. J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y 1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n 2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y 2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y
7. J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y 1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n 2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y 2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y 2 0 0 4 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f S c a l a
8. J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y 1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n 2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y 2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y 2 0 0 4 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f S c a l a 2 0 0 6 J a v a 6 w i t h J S R 2 2 3 ( s c r i p t i n g )
9. J S R 2 2 3 P r o b l e m S e r v l e t s a r e c o o l , b u t w e w a n t t o w r i t e o u r w e b p a g e s i n P H P .
10. J S R 2 2 3 P r o b l e m S e r v l e t s a r e c o o l , b u t w e w a n t t o w r i t e o u r w e b p a g e s i n P H P . S o l u t i o n D e f i n e a n A P I f o r s c r i p t i n g l a n g u a g e s t o e x c h a n g e o b j e c t s w i t h J a v a .
11. S c r i p t i n g l a n g u a g e s • J S R 2 2 3 d o e s n o t d e f i n e “ s c r i p t i n g l a n g u a g e ” • w o r d i n g i m p l i e s u n t y p e d l a n g u a g e s • f u n d a m e n t a l p r o b l e m : m o s t c a l l s r e q u i r e r e f l e c t i o n ( s l o w )
12. J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y 1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n 2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y 2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y 2 0 0 4 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f S c a l a 2 0 0 6 J a v a 6 w i t h J S R 2 2 3 ( s c r i p t i n g )
13. J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y 1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n 2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y 2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y 2 0 0 4 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f S c a l a 2 0 0 6 J a v a 6 w i t h J S R 2 2 3 ( s c r i p t i n g ) 2 0 1 1 J a v a 7 w i t h J S R 2 9 2 ( invokedynamic)
14. D a V i n c i M a c h i n e • s t a r t e d i n 2 0 0 7 a s a V M p l a y g r o u n d • s u b p r o j e c t s : d y n a m i c i n v o c a t i o n , c o n t i n u a t i o n s , t a i l - c a l l s , . . .
16. i n v o k e d y n a m i c P r o b l e m S c r i p t i n g l a n g u a g e s a r e c o o l , b u t w e d o n ’ t k n o w w h a t t h e h e c k x + y m e a n s
17. i n v o k e d y n a m i c P r o b l e m S c r i p t i n g l a n g u a g e s a r e c o o l , b u t w e d o n ’ t k n o w w h a t t h e h e c k x + y m e a n s [object Object]
18. i n v o k e d y n a m i c P r o b l e m S c r i p t i n g l a n g u a g e s a r e c o o l , b u t w e d o n ’ t k n o w w h a t t h e h e c k x + y m e a n s [object Object] S o l u t i o n A l l o w c o m p i l e r i m p l e m e n t e r s t o i m p l e m e n t c u s t o m d i s p a t c h i n g
22. J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y 1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n 2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y 2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y 2 0 0 4 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f S c a l a 2 0 0 6 J a v a 6 w i t h J S R 2 2 3 ( s c r i p t i n g ) 2 0 1 1 J a v a 7 w i t h J S R 2 9 2 ( invokedynamic)
23. J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y 1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n 2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y 2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y 2 0 0 4 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f S c a l a 2 0 0 6 J a v a 6 w i t h J S R 2 2 3 ( s c r i p t i n g ) 2 0 1 1 J a v a 7 w i t h J S R 2 9 2 ( invokedynamic) 2 0 1 4 J a v a 8 w i t h N a s h o r n
24. J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y 1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n 2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y 2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y 2 0 0 4 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f S c a l a 2 0 0 6 J a v a 6 w i t h J S R 2 2 3 ( s c r i p t i n g ) 2 0 1 1 J a v a 7 w i t h J S R 2 9 2 ( invokedynamic) 2 0 1 4 J a v a 8 w i t h N a s h o r n 2 0 1 9 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r a a l V M
25. E n t e r G r a a l V M ! • p o l y g l o t J V M d e v e l o p e d b y O r a c l e • t o n s o f f e a t u r e s
26. W h a t i s T r u f f l e ? “ T h e T r u f f l e f r a m e w o r k a l l o w s y o u t o r u n p r o g r a m m i n g l a n g u a g e s e f - f i c i e n t l y o n G r a a l V M . I t s i m p l i f i e s l a n g u a g e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n b y a u t o - m a t i c a l l y d e r i v i n g h i g h - p e r f o r m a n c e c o d e f r o m i n t e r p r e t e r s . ”
27. P a r t i a l a p p l i c a t i o n A => B => C
28. P a r t i a l a p p l i c a t i o n A => B => C + A
29. P a r t i a l a p p l i c a t i o n A => B => C + A = B => C
30. P a r t i a l e v a l u a t i o n A => B => C + A = B => C
31. C o m p i l e r s p e r f o r m p a r t i a l e v a l u a t i o n a l l t h e t i m e ! L o o p u n r o l l i n g C o n s t a n t f o l d i n g B o u n d s - c h e c k i n g e l i m i n a t i o n D e a d c o d e e l i m i n a t i o n D e f o r e s t a t i o n I n l i n i n g
32. E x a m p l e int f(int x, int y) { int res = 0; for (int i = 0; i < x; ++i) res += y; return res; }
33. E x a m p l e int f(int x, int y) { int res = 0; for (int i = 0; i < x; ++i) res += y; return res; } stream.map(y => f(3, y));
34. E x a m p l e int f_x3(int y) { int res = 0; res += y; res += y; res += y; return res; } stream.map(y => f_x3(y));
35. E x a m p l e int f_x3(int y) { return 3 * y; } stream.map(y => f_x3(y));
36. E x a m p l e stream.map(y => 3 * y);
38. C o m p i l e r S o u r c e C o d e C o m p i l e r T a r g e t C o d e R u n t i m e O u t p u t I n p u t
39. I n t e r p r e t e r S o u r c e C o d e R u n t i m e O u t p u t I n p u t
42. F u t a m u r a p r o j e c t i o n S o u r c e C o d e R u n t i m e O u t p u t I n p u t S o u r c e C o d e C o m p i l e d P r o g r a m
43. C o d e → R e s u l t
44. C o d e → R e s u l t ( C o d e , I n t e r p r e t e r ) → E x e c u t a b l e
45. C o d e → R e s u l t I n t e r p r e t e r → C o m p i l e r ( C o d e , I n t e r p r e t e r ) → E x e c u t a b l e
46. C o d e → R e s u l t I n t e r p r e t e r → C o m p i l e r ( C o d e , I n t e r p r e t e r ) → E x e c u t a b l e ( I n t e r p r e t e r → C o m p i l e r ) → S u p e r c o m p i l e r
47. F u t a m u r a p r o j e c t i o n s c o n j e c t u r e d b y Y o s h i h i k o F u t a m u r a i n t h e 1 9 8 0 ’s
48. Copyright © 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Copyright © 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Applying Futamura projections to compose Languages and Tools in GraalVM PEPM 2019 Christian Humer VM Research Group, Oracle Labs, Zurich
51. public abstract class JSMultiplyNode extends JSBinaryNode { public abstract Object execute(Object a, Object b); @Specialization(guards = "b > 0", rewriteOn = ArithmeticException.class) protected int doIntBLargerZero(int a, int b) { /* ... */ } @Specialization(rewriteOn = ArithmeticException.class) protected int doInt(int a, int b) { /* ... */ } @Specialization protected double doDouble(double a, double b) { return a * b; } // ... }
52. J V M + P o l y g l o t = P r o f i t • l a n g u a g e s m a y c a l l e a c h o t h e r • l a n g u a g e s b e n e f i t f r o m t h e J V M : p a r a l l e l i s m t o o l i n g l i b r a r i e s . . .
54. N a t i v e c o d e
55. Q & A L a r s H u p e l � l a r s . h u p e l @ i n n o q . c o m � @ l a r s r _ h w w w . i n n o q . c o m i n n o Q D e u t s c h l a n d G m b H K r i s c h e r s t r . 1 0 0 4 0 7 8 9 M o n h e i m a . R h . G e r m a n y + 4 9 2 1 7 3 3 3 6 6 - 0 O h l a u e r S t r . 4 3 1 0 9 9 9 B e r l i n G e r m a n y L u d w i g s t r . 1 8 0 E 6 3 0 6 7 O f f e n b a c h G e r m a n y K r e u z s t r . 1 6 8 0 3 3 1 M ü n c h e n G e r m a n y c / o W e W o r k H e r m a n n s t r a s s e 1 3 2 0 0 9 5 H a m b u r g G e r m a n y i n n o Q S c h w e i z G m b H G e w e r b e s t r . 1 1 C H - 6 3 3 0 C h a m S w i t z e r l a n d + 4 1 4 1 7 4 3 0 1 1 1 A l b u l a s t r . 5 5 8 0 4 8 Z ü r i c h S w i t z e r l a n d
56. L A R S H U P E L C o n s u l t a n t i n n o Q D e u t s c h l a n d G m b H L a r s e n j o y s p r o g r a m m i n g i n a v a r i e t y o f l a n - g u a g e s , i n c l u d i n g S c a l a , H a s k e l l , a n d R u s t . H e i s k n o w n a s a f r e q u e n t c o n f e r e n c e s p e a k e r a n d o n e o f t h e f o u n d e r s o f t h e T y p e l e v e l i n i t i a t i v e w h i c h i s d e d i c a t e d t o p r o v i d i n g p r i n c i p l e d , t y p e - d r i v e n S c a l a l i b r a r i e s .
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