JS, Rust, Python and the Holy Graal

In the old times, way back, Java used to be the only JVM language. Later on, a few other players entered the field, such as Jython and JRuby. But those were just for scripting, right? It didn’t take long for compiled languages to catch up. With Scala and Kotlin, we have definitely entered the age of polyglot programming on the JVM. The Truffle project – part of GraalVM – is a promising approach to make it easy, efficient, and seamless to run alternative languages on the same VM as Java. This talk will look at the new age of polyglot programming and all the cool things we can do with it.

Transcript

1. J S , R u s t , P y t h o n
   a n d t h e H o l y
   G r a a l
   L a r s H u p e l
   B O B
   2 0 2 0 - 0 2 - 2 8
   

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2. T h e o r i g i n s o f J a v a
   “ 1 9 9 6 – J a m e s G o s l i n g i n v e n t s J a v a . J a v a i s a r e l a t i v e l y v e r b o s e ,
   g a r b a g e c o l l e c t e d , c l a s s b a s e d , s t a t i c a l l y t y p e d , s i n g l e d i s p a t c h ,
   o b j e c t o r i e n t e d l a n g u a g e w i t h s i n g l e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n i n h e r i t a n c e
   a n d m u l t i p l e i n t e r f a c e i n h e r i t a n c e . S u n l o u d l y h e r a l d s J a v a ’ s n o v e l t y . ”
   – J a m e s I r y
   

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3. View Slide

4. J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y
   1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n
   

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5. J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y
   1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n
   2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y
   

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6. J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y
   1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n
   2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y
   2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y
   

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7. J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y
   1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n
   2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y
   2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y
   2 0 0 4 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f S c a l a
   

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8. J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y
   1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n
   2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y
   2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y
   2 0 0 4 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f S c a l a
   2 0 0 6 J a v a 6 w i t h J S R 2 2 3 ( s c r i p t i n g )
   

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9. J S R 2 2 3
   P r o b l e m
   S e r v l e t s a r e c o o l , b u t w e w a n t t o w r i t e o u r w e b p a g e s i n P H P .
   

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10. J S R 2 2 3
    P r o b l e m
    S e r v l e t s a r e c o o l , b u t w e w a n t t o w r i t e o u r w e b p a g e s i n P H P .
    S o l u t i o n
    D e f i n e a n A P I f o r s c r i p t i n g l a n g u a g e s t o e x c h a n g e o b j e c t s w i t h J a v a .
    

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11. S c r i p t i n g l a n g u a g e s
    • J S R 2 2 3 d o e s n o t d e f i n e “ s c r i p t i n g
    l a n g u a g e ”
    • w o r d i n g i m p l i e s u n t y p e d l a n g u a g e s
    • f u n d a m e n t a l p r o b l e m : m o s t c a l l s
    r e q u i r e r e f l e c t i o n ( s l o w )
    

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12. J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y
    1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n
    2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y
    2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y
    2 0 0 4 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f S c a l a
    2 0 0 6 J a v a 6 w i t h J S R 2 2 3 ( s c r i p t i n g )
    

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13. J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y
    1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n
    2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y
    2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y
    2 0 0 4 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f S c a l a
    2 0 0 6 J a v a 6 w i t h J S R 2 2 3 ( s c r i p t i n g )
    2 0 1 1 J a v a 7 w i t h J S R 2 9 2 ( invokedynamic)
    

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14. D a V i n c i M a c h i n e
    • s t a r t e d i n 2 0 0 7 a s a V M p l a y g r o u n d
    • s u b p r o j e c t s : d y n a m i c i n v o c a t i o n ,
    c o n t i n u a t i o n s , t a i l - c a l l s , . . .
    

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15. View Slide

16. i n v o k e d y n a m i c
    P r o b l e m
    S c r i p t i n g l a n g u a g e s a r e c o o l , b u t w e d o n ’ t
    k n o w w h a t t h e h e c k x + y m e a n s
    

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17. i n v o k e d y n a m i c
    P r o b l e m
    S c r i p t i n g l a n g u a g e s a r e c o o l , b u t w e d o n ’ t
    k n o w w h a t t h e h e c k x + y m e a n s
    [object Object]
    

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18. i n v o k e d y n a m i c
    P r o b l e m
    S c r i p t i n g l a n g u a g e s a r e c o o l , b u t w e d o n ’ t
    k n o w w h a t t h e h e c k x + y m e a n s
    [object Object]
    S o l u t i o n
    A l l o w c o m p i l e r i m p l e m e n t e r s t o
    i m p l e m e n t c u s t o m d i s p a t c h i n g
    

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19. View Slide

20. View Slide

21. View Slide

22. J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y
    1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n
    2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y
    2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y
    2 0 0 4 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f S c a l a
    2 0 0 6 J a v a 6 w i t h J S R 2 2 3 ( s c r i p t i n g )
    2 0 1 1 J a v a 7 w i t h J S R 2 9 2 ( invokedynamic)
    

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23. J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y
    1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n
    2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y
    2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y
    2 0 0 4 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f S c a l a
    2 0 0 6 J a v a 6 w i t h J S R 2 2 3 ( s c r i p t i n g )
    2 0 1 1 J a v a 7 w i t h J S R 2 9 2 ( invokedynamic)
    2 0 1 4 J a v a 8 w i t h N a s h o r n
    

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24. J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y
    1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n
    2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y
    2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y
    2 0 0 4 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f S c a l a
    2 0 0 6 J a v a 6 w i t h J S R 2 2 3 ( s c r i p t i n g )
    2 0 1 1 J a v a 7 w i t h J S R 2 9 2 ( invokedynamic)
    2 0 1 4 J a v a 8 w i t h N a s h o r n
    2 0 1 9 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r a a l V M
    

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25. E n t e r G r a a l V M !
    • p o l y g l o t J V M d e v e l o p e d b y O r a c l e
    • t o n s o f f e a t u r e s
    

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26. W h a t i s T r u f f l e ?
    “ T h e T r u f f l e f r a m e w o r k a l l o w s y o u t o r u n p r o g r a m m i n g l a n g u a g e s e f -
    f i c i e n t l y o n G r a a l V M . I t s i m p l i f i e s l a n g u a g e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n b y a u t o -
    m a t i c a l l y d e r i v i n g h i g h - p e r f o r m a n c e c o d e f r o m i n t e r p r e t e r s .
    ”
    

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27. P a r t i a l a p p l i c a t i o n
    A => B => C
    

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28. P a r t i a l a p p l i c a t i o n
    A => B => C
    +
    A
    

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29. P a r t i a l a p p l i c a t i o n
    A => B => C
    +
    A
    =
    B => C
    

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30. P a r t i a l e v a l u a t i o n
    A => B => C
    +
    A
    =
    B => C
    

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31. C o m p i l e r s p e r f o r m p a r t i a l e v a l u a t i o n a l l t h e t i m e !
    L o o p u n r o l l i n g
    C o n s t a n t f o l d i n g
    B o u n d s - c h e c k i n g e l i m i n a t i o n
    D e a d c o d e e l i m i n a t i o n
    D e f o r e s t a t i o n
    I n l i n i n g
    

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32. E x a m p l e
    int f(int x, int y) {
    int res = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < x; ++i)
    res += y;
    return res;
    }
    

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33. E x a m p l e
    int f(int x, int y) {
    int res = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < x; ++i)
    res += y;
    return res;
    }
    stream.map(y => f(3, y));
    

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34. E x a m p l e
    int f_x3(int y) {
    int res = 0;
    res += y;
    res += y;
    res += y;
    return res;
    }
    stream.map(y => f_x3(y));
    

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35. E x a m p l e
    int f_x3(int y) {
    return 3 * y;
    }
    stream.map(y => f_x3(y));
    

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36. E x a m p l e
    stream.map(y => 3 * y);
    

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37. View Slide

38. C o m p i l e r
    S o u r c e
    C o d e
    C o m p i l e r
    T a r g e t
    C o d e
    R u n t i m e O u t p u t
    I n p u t
    

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39. I n t e r p r e t e r
    S o u r c e
    C o d e
    R u n t i m e O u t p u t
    I n p u t
    

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40. View Slide

41. View Slide

42. F u t a m u r a p r o j e c t i o n
    S o u r c e
    C o d e
    R u n t i m e O u t p u t
    I n p u t
    S o u r c e
    C o d e
    C o m p i l e d
    P r o g r a m
    

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43. C o d e →
    R e s u l t
    

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44. C o d e →
    R e s u l t
    ( C o d e ,
    I n t e r p r e t e r ) →
    E x e c u t a b l e
    

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45. C o d e →
    R e s u l t
    I n t e r p r e t e r →
    C o m p i l e r
    ( C o d e ,
    I n t e r p r e t e r ) →
    E x e c u t a b l e
    

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46. C o d e →
    R e s u l t
    I n t e r p r e t e r →
    C o m p i l e r
    ( C o d e ,
    I n t e r p r e t e r ) →
    E x e c u t a b l e
    ( I n t e r p r e t e r →
    C o m p i l e r ) →
    S u p e r c o m p i l e r
    

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47. F u t a m u r a p r o j e c t i o n s
    c o n j e c t u r e d b y Y o s h i h i k o F u t a m u r a i n t h e 1 9 8 0 ’s
    

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48. Copyright © 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
    Copyright © 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
    Applying Futamura projections
    to compose Languages and Tools
    in GraalVM
    PEPM 2019
    Christian Humer
    VM Research Group, Oracle Labs, Zurich
    

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49. View Slide

50. View Slide

51. public abstract class JSMultiplyNode extends JSBinaryNode {
    public abstract Object execute(Object a, Object b);
    @Specialization(guards = "b > 0", rewriteOn = ArithmeticException.class)
    protected int doIntBLargerZero(int a, int b) { /* ... */ }
    @Specialization(rewriteOn = ArithmeticException.class)
    protected int doInt(int a, int b) { /* ... */ }
    @Specialization
    protected double doDouble(double a, double b) {
    return a * b;
    }
    // ...
    }
    

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52. J V M + P o l y g l o t = P r o f i t
    • l a n g u a g e s m a y c a l l e a c h o t h e r
    • l a n g u a g e s b e n e f i t f r o m t h e J V M :
    p a r a l l e l i s m
    t o o l i n g
    l i b r a r i e s
    . . .
    

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53. View Slide

54. N a t i v e c o d e
    

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55. Q & A
    L a r s H u p e l
    �
    l a r s . h u p e l @ i n n o q . c o m
    � @ l a r s r _ h
    w w w . i n n o q . c o m
    i n n o Q D e u t s c h l a n d G m b H
    K r i s c h e r s t r . 1 0 0
    4 0 7 8 9 M o n h e i m a . R h .
    G e r m a n y
    + 4 9 2 1 7 3 3 3 6 6 - 0
    O h l a u e r S t r . 4 3
    1 0 9 9 9 B e r l i n
    G e r m a n y
    L u d w i g s t r . 1 8 0 E
    6 3 0 6 7 O f f e n b a c h
    G e r m a n y
    K r e u z s t r . 1 6
    8 0 3 3 1 M ü n c h e n
    G e r m a n y
    c / o W e W o r k
    H e r m a n n s t r a s s e 1 3
    2 0 0 9 5 H a m b u r g
    G e r m a n y
    i n n o Q S c h w e i z G m b H
    G e w e r b e s t r . 1 1
    C H - 6 3 3 0 C h a m
    S w i t z e r l a n d
    + 4 1 4 1 7 4 3 0 1 1 1
    A l b u l a s t r . 5 5
    8 0 4 8 Z ü r i c h
    S w i t z e r l a n d
    

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56. L A R S H U P E L
    C o n s u l t a n t
    i n n o Q D e u t s c h l a n d G m b H
    L a r s e n j o y s p r o g r a m m i n g i n a v a r i e t y o f l a n -
    g u a g e s , i n c l u d i n g S c a l a , H a s k e l l , a n d R u s t . H e i s
    k n o w n a s a f r e q u e n t c o n f e r e n c e s p e a k e r a n d o n e
    o f t h e f o u n d e r s o f t h e T y p e l e v e l i n i t i a t i v e w h i c h
    i s d e d i c a t e d t o p r o v i d i n g p r i n c i p l e d , t y p e - d r i v e n
    S c a l a l i b r a r i e s .
    

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57. I m a g e s o u r c e s
    •
    J a m e s G o s l i n g : P e t e r C a m p b e l l , C C - B Y - S A 4 . 0 ,
    https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:James_Gosling_2008.jpg&oldid=149207971
    •
    C o n d e - C l e m e n t e , P a t r i c i a & O r t i n , F r a n c i s c o . ( 2 0 1 4 ) . J I N D Y : A j a v a l i b r a r y t o s u p p o r t i n v o k e d y n a m i c .
    •
    S p i c e s : https://pixabay.com/photos/spices-spice-mix-market-73776/
    •
    D u c k t y p i n g : https://twitter.com/sketchymacro/status/1229046533359689730
    •
    G r a a l V M a r c h i t e c t u r e : https://blogs.oracle.com/graalvm/announcement
    •
    G r a a l V M s l i d e : https://popl19.sigplan.org/details/pepm-2019-papers/2/
    Applying-Futamura-Projections-to-Compose-Languages-and-Tools-in-GraalVM-Invited-Talk
    •
    R a i n b o w : https://pixabay.com/photos/rainbow-seaside-coast-beach-sky-675832/
    •
    F u t u r a m a l o g o : https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Futurama-logo.svg&oldid=88835467
    •
    D a V i n c i V M s l i d e : https://openjdk.java.net/projects/mlvm/pdf/LangNet20080128.pdf
    •
    L L V M l o g o : A p p l e
    •
    D u k e : O r a c l e
    •
    F i e l d : https://unsplash.com/photos/4miBe6zg5r0
    •
    C a t w i t h y a r n : https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/en/view-image.php?image=161669&picture=cat-isolated-on-the-white
    

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