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Varnish to the Rescue

Sponsored · Ship Features Fearlessly Turn features on and off without deploys. Used by thousands of Ruby developers. →
Avatar for Leszek Krupiński Leszek Krupiński
April 11, 2014
Technology
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130

Varnish to the Rescue

Introduction to Varnish. Basics & pitfalls. Presented at techfusion.io

Avatar for Leszek Krupiński

Leszek Krupiński

April 11, 2014
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Transcript

  1. Varnish to the rescue Leszek Krupiński

  2. @leafnode PHPers Manual Consultant Architect

  3. intro

  4. web 1. User 2. Browser 3. Server

  5. user is impatient

  6. fast!

  7. 100ms

  8. 1s = -11% Page Views -16% User Satisfaction -7% Conversion

  9. 1-5s ! 32% consumers lost

  10. (2012) average: 2.45s

  11. Optimize application

  12. • Frameworks • Limits • Time-consuming operations • Cost

  13. Maybe it’s not needed?

  14. Cache!

  15. Many levels, many solutions

  16. But… my site is very dynamic!

  17. 1s TTL

  18. From 20 rq/s to 1 rq/s in single apt-get install

  19. Fresh content takes most hits

  20. Varnish The Web Accelerator

  21. None
  22. None
  23. None

  24. Architecture

  25. Works with the kernel not against it

  26. mmap, threads, epoll, kqueue

  27. Backends: memory, file

  28. If it fits in memory, use memory

  29. Works on HTTP headers

  30. Cache-control, If-Modified-Since, Expires, Pragma, If-None-Match, Etag, Vary, Age

  31. Varnish uses language both browser and backend know

  32. In-memory logs

  33. 75 000 rq/s at TMECC 143 000 rq/s at Redpill-Linpro

  34. Do I need a lot of memory?

  35. Nope

  36. Fresh content takes most hits

  37. Take that, slashdot effect!

  38. Configuration

  39. Lots of possibilities

  40. Unfortunately, lots of possibilities

  41. Varnish Configuration Language

  42. Compiled directly to C

  43. Hook-like configuration

  44. vcl_fetch vcl_recv vcl_hit vcl_miss vcl_hash vcl_pass vcl_deliver vcl_error

  45. None

  46. restart

  47. Objects req, bereq, resp, beresp, obj

  48. Defaults

  49. vcl_recv

  50. None
  51. None
  52. None

  53. vcl_hash

  54. None

  55. VMods

  56. throttle, cookie, shield, redis, memcached, curl, url code, redirect…

  57. Varnish: load balancer failover system

  58. None

  59. Directors

  60. Default: random

  61. Round-robin, client, hash, dns

  62. Health check

  63. None

  64. Saint mode

  65. Grace mode

  66. Two hard things

  67. Invalidate cache

  68. Ban list Efficient way to invalidate cache

  69. Over HTTP

  70. Use PURGE header

  71. None
  72. None
  73. None

  74. Real life issues

  75. Cookies

  76. Varnish does not cache when cookies are involved

  77. Ignore cookies

  78. None

  79. Pick cookies

  80. None

  81. Pick URLs

  82. None

  83. Redirects

  84. POST

  85. PHP sessions

  86. CURL VMod

  87. None
  88. None

  89. PHP + memcached

  90. None

  91. mobile detection

  92. None

  93. mobile detection II

  94. None

  95. VMod: DeviceAtlas Mobile Detection

  96. Cache “one-time” data

  97. Example: dynamic image resizing

  98. 1B pictures 10 sizes

  99. apache + moddims

  100. Fresh content takes most hits

  101. Different TTL for different parts?

  102. ESI!

  103. None
  104. None

  105. Testing?

  106. jQuery plugin

  107. Just in! Varnish 4.0

  108. Log query language, background fetch, byte counters, security improvements

  109. http://speakerdeck.com/leafnode