Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
How to Scale Postgres - Automation, Tuning & Sharding
Search
Lukas Fittl
June 23, 2020
Technology
0
490
How to Scale Postgres - Automation, Tuning & Sharding
Talk at Postgres Vision 2020
Lukas Fittl
June 23, 2020
Tweet
Share
More Decks by Lukas Fittl
See All by Lukas Fittl
What's Missing for Postgres Monitoring
lfittl
0
160
A Map For Monitoring PostgreSQL
lfittl
2
340
Monitoring Postgres at Scale
lfittl
1
330
Monitoring PostgreSQL at Scale
lfittl
4
220
Postgres Performance for App Developers
lfittl
2
220
GraphQL ❤ PostgreSQL -- P.S. aka BeatQL
lfittl
1
510
Hacking PostgreSQL to Gain SQL Parsing Superpowers
lfittl
1
410
PostgreSQL at a Web Startup
lfittl
3
550
Advanced pg_stat_statements: Filtering, Regression Testing & more
lfittl
4
710
Other Decks in Technology
See All in Technology
Next'24 事例セッションの紹介とクラウド資格を活用したキャリア形成について語りMuscle
yasumuusan
0
210
アプリがつくるNOT A HOTELブランド
hokuts
0
450
「手動オペレーションに定評がある」と言われた私が心がけていること / phpcon_odawara2024
blue_goheimochi
1
310
Garoon 開発チーム / Garoon development team
cybozuinsideout
PRO
1
2.9k
20240416_devopsdaystokyo
kzkmaeda
1
170
SIEMを用いて、セキュリティログ分析の可視化と分析を実現し、PDCAサイクルを回してみた
coconala_engineer
0
180
Aurora MySQL v3(MySQL8.0互換)の オンラインDDLの罠挙動を全バージョンで検証した
yutakikai
0
150
"好き"との生活/Regularly update profile with GitHub Actions
judeeeee
0
140
Apple Vision Pro trial session
akkeylab
0
120
AWS パートナー企業でテクニカルサポートに従事して2年経ったので思うところをまとめてみた
kazzpapa3
3
1.3k
少数チームで挑む: SwiftUI, TCA, KMPを用いた 新規動画配信アプリ 「ABEMA Live」の開発について
tomu28
0
500
HEXA OSINT CTF V3 作戦会議
meow_noisy
0
110
Featured
See All Featured
[Rails World 2023 - Day 1 Closing Keynote] - The Magic of Rails
eileencodes
1
1.3k
Why Our Code Smells
bkeepers
PRO
331
56k
Understanding Cognitive Biases in Performance Measurement
bluesmoon
6
990
Helping Users Find Their Own Way: Creating Modern Search Experiences
danielanewman
19
1.9k
Building a Modern Day E-commerce SEO Strategy
aleyda
16
6.3k
The Invisible Customer
myddelton
114
12k
The Psychology of Web Performance [Beyond Tellerrand 2023]
tammyeverts
5
1.5k
Code Reviewing Like a Champion
maltzj
513
39k
Music & Morning Musume
bryan
40
5.6k
Stop Working from a Prison Cell
hatefulcrawdad
265
19k
Atom: Resistance is Futile
akmur
258
25k
Designing for Performance
lara
601
67k
Transcript
@LukasFittl How to Scale Postgres: Automation, Tuning & Sharding
@LukasFittl
Scaling Postgres
Scaling Postgres
Automation Handling 100s of database servers
Consistency is key
Infrastructure as Code
Postgres Infrastructure as Code
Demo: Managing Configuration using Terraform
Cloud PaaS Synchronized Configuration Terraform
Cloud PaaS Synchronized Configuration Terraform Access Control (Roles, pg_hba.conf) Terraform
Cloud PaaS Synchronized Configuration Terraform Parameter Groups Access Control (Roles,
pg_hba.conf) Roles: Terraform HBA: Built-in Automatic Failover (for HA & Planned Updates) Built-in
Cloud PaaS Synchronized Configuration Terraform Parameter Groups Access Control (Roles,
pg_hba.conf) Roles: Terraform HBA: Built-in Automatic Failover (for HA & Planned Updates) Built-in Read Replicas Built-in
Cloud PaaS Synchronized Configuration Terraform Parameter Groups Access Control (Roles,
pg_hba.conf) Roles: Terraform HBA: Built-in Automatic Failover (for HA & Planned Updates) Built-in Read Replicas Built-in Backups Built-in
Cloud PaaS Synchronized Configuration Terraform Parameter Groups Access Control (Roles,
pg_hba.conf) Roles: Terraform HBA: Built-in Automatic Failover (for HA & Planned Updates) Built-in Read Replicas Built-in Backups Built-in Connection Pooling Manual Setup
Cloud PaaS Self-Managed VM Synchronized Configuration Terraform Parameter Groups ?
Access Control (Roles, pg_hba.conf) Roles: Terraform HBA: Built-in ? Automatic Failover (for HA & Planned Updates) Built-in ? Read Replicas Built-in ? Backups Built-in ? Connection Pooling Manual Setup ?
Cloud PaaS Self-Managed VM Synchronized Configuration Terraform Parameter Groups ?
Access Control (Roles, pg_hba.conf) Roles: Terraform HBA: Built-in ? Automatic Failover (for HA & Planned Updates) Built-in pg_auto_failover Read Replicas Built-in ? Backups Built-in ? Connection Pooling Manual Setup ?
pg_auto_failover: Simple, automated failover
pg_auto_failover
Demo: Postgres HA using pg_auto_failover
Tuning Making The Most Of Your Database Server
work_mem tuning
Out Of Memory vs Operations Spill To Disk
Temporary Files Written pg_stat_statements.temp_blks_written pg_stat_database.temp_bytes
Temporary Files Written (Per Query) log_temp_files = 0 Jan 20
09:18:58pm PST 28847 LOG: temporary file: path "base/pgsql_ pgsql_tmp28847.9", size 50658332 Jan 20 09:18:58pm PST 28847 STATEMENT: WITH servers AS ( SELECT …
When Sorts Spill To Disk, Increase work_mem However, be aware
of OOMs!
When you get a lot of Out of Memory Errors
Reduce work_mem!
VACUUM
autovacuum => SELECT pid, query FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE query LIKE
'autovacuum: %'; 10469 | autovacuum: VACUUM ANALYZE public.schema_columns 12848 | autovacuum: VACUUM public.replication_follower_stats 28626 | autovacuum: VACUUM public.schema_index_stats | (to prevent wraparound) (3 rows) pg_stat_activity
autovacuum pg_stat_progress_vacuum relid: OID of the table phase: current VACUUM
phase heap_blks_total: Heap Blocks Total heap_blks_scanned: Heap Blocks Scanned heap_blks_vacuumed: Heap Blocks Vacuumed …
Reduce autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay To Increase VACUUM Speed 80 MB/s 8 MB/s
(20ms) (2ms) PG 12+ Older PG Default OS / Disk Reads
Use Table Partitioning For Append-Only + Delete Workloads (e.g. Timeseries)
Checkpoints
Data Directory WAL WAL WAL Buffer Cache Checkpointer WAL Checkpoints
Are Important For I/O Tuning
16688 LOG: checkpoint starting: xlog xlog = WAL exceeded max_wal_size,
checkpoint has to happen quickly time = checkpoint_timeout reached, checkpoint impact spread over time
Checkpoint Statistics pg_stat_bgwriter checkpoints_timed: # of scheduled checkpoints checkpoints_req: #
of requested checkpoints 1. Time Between Checkpoints 2. % of Timed Checkpoints
Increase max_wal_size / Reduce checkpoint_timeout To Have More Timed Checkpoints
(but be careful with recovery times)
Tune checkpoint_completion_target To Control I/O Impact of Timed Checkpoints (Often
0.9 is a good value, but depends on I/O Subsystem & Workload)
Demo: Postgres 13 WAL Monitoring
Sharding Scaling Beyond The Limits of a Single Server
Citus: Extension for Sharding Postgres
Select from table Coordinator Table metadata Select from table_1001 Select
from table_1003 Select from table_1002 Select from table_1004 Data node N Data node 2 Data node 1 Table_1001 Table_1003 Table_1002 Table_1004 Each node PostgreSQL with Citus installed 1 shard = 1 PostgreSQL table Sharding data across multiple nodes
Demo: Hyperscale (Citus) on Kubernetes with Azure Arc
Thank you!
[email protected]
@LukasFittl