Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
How to Scale Postgres - Automation, Tuning & Sh...
Search
Lukas Fittl
June 23, 2020
Technology
0
590
How to Scale Postgres - Automation, Tuning & Sharding
Talk at Postgres Vision 2020
Lukas Fittl
June 23, 2020
Tweet
Share
More Decks by Lukas Fittl
See All by Lukas Fittl
What's Missing for Postgres Monitoring
lfittl
0
200
A Map For Monitoring PostgreSQL
lfittl
2
360
Monitoring Postgres at Scale
lfittl
1
370
Monitoring PostgreSQL at Scale
lfittl
4
230
Postgres Performance for App Developers
lfittl
2
250
GraphQL ❤ PostgreSQL -- P.S. aka BeatQL
lfittl
1
560
Hacking PostgreSQL to Gain SQL Parsing Superpowers
lfittl
1
520
PostgreSQL at a Web Startup
lfittl
3
560
Advanced pg_stat_statements: Filtering, Regression Testing & more
lfittl
4
720
Other Decks in Technology
See All in Technology
なぜCodeceptJSを選んだか
goataka
0
160
AWS re:Invent 2024で発表された コードを書く開発者向け機能について
maruto
0
190
GitHub Copilot のテクニック集/GitHub Copilot Techniques
rayuron
24
11k
How to be an AWS Community Builder | 君もAWS Community Builderになろう!〜2024 冬 CB募集直前対策編?!〜
coosuke
PRO
2
2.8k
組織に自動テストを書く文化を根付かせる戦略(2024冬版) / Building Automated Test Culture 2024 Winter Edition
twada
PRO
12
3.5k
1等無人航空機操縦士一発試験 合格までの道のり ドローンミートアップ@大阪 2024/12/18
excdinc
0
150
あの日俺達が夢見たサーバレスアーキテクチャ/the-serverless-architecture-we-dreamed-of
tomoki10
0
430
WACATE2024冬セッション資料(ユーザビリティ)
scarletplover
0
190
第3回Snowflake女子会_LT登壇資料(合成データ)_Taro_CCCMK
tarotaro0129
0
180
Snykで始めるセキュリティ担当者とSREと開発者が楽になる脆弱性対応 / Getting started with Snyk Vulnerability Response
yamaguchitk333
2
180
MLOps の現場から
asei
6
630
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure:2024年12月度サービス・アップデート
oracle4engineer
PRO
0
170
Featured
See All Featured
Designing for humans not robots
tammielis
250
25k
BBQ
matthewcrist
85
9.4k
Faster Mobile Websites
deanohume
305
30k
Writing Fast Ruby
sferik
628
61k
Art, The Web, and Tiny UX
lynnandtonic
298
20k
Six Lessons from altMBA
skipperchong
27
3.5k
I Don’t Have Time: Getting Over the Fear to Launch Your Podcast
jcasabona
29
2k
Agile that works and the tools we love
rasmusluckow
328
21k
Making Projects Easy
brettharned
116
5.9k
Imperfection Machines: The Place of Print at Facebook
scottboms
266
13k
Designing for Performance
lara
604
68k
10 Git Anti Patterns You Should be Aware of
lemiorhan
PRO
656
59k
Transcript
@LukasFittl How to Scale Postgres: Automation, Tuning & Sharding
@LukasFittl
Scaling Postgres
Scaling Postgres
Automation Handling 100s of database servers
Consistency is key
Infrastructure as Code
Postgres Infrastructure as Code
Demo: Managing Configuration using Terraform
Cloud PaaS Synchronized Configuration Terraform
Cloud PaaS Synchronized Configuration Terraform Access Control (Roles, pg_hba.conf) Terraform
Cloud PaaS Synchronized Configuration Terraform Parameter Groups Access Control (Roles,
pg_hba.conf) Roles: Terraform HBA: Built-in Automatic Failover (for HA & Planned Updates) Built-in
Cloud PaaS Synchronized Configuration Terraform Parameter Groups Access Control (Roles,
pg_hba.conf) Roles: Terraform HBA: Built-in Automatic Failover (for HA & Planned Updates) Built-in Read Replicas Built-in
Cloud PaaS Synchronized Configuration Terraform Parameter Groups Access Control (Roles,
pg_hba.conf) Roles: Terraform HBA: Built-in Automatic Failover (for HA & Planned Updates) Built-in Read Replicas Built-in Backups Built-in
Cloud PaaS Synchronized Configuration Terraform Parameter Groups Access Control (Roles,
pg_hba.conf) Roles: Terraform HBA: Built-in Automatic Failover (for HA & Planned Updates) Built-in Read Replicas Built-in Backups Built-in Connection Pooling Manual Setup
Cloud PaaS Self-Managed VM Synchronized Configuration Terraform Parameter Groups ?
Access Control (Roles, pg_hba.conf) Roles: Terraform HBA: Built-in ? Automatic Failover (for HA & Planned Updates) Built-in ? Read Replicas Built-in ? Backups Built-in ? Connection Pooling Manual Setup ?
Cloud PaaS Self-Managed VM Synchronized Configuration Terraform Parameter Groups ?
Access Control (Roles, pg_hba.conf) Roles: Terraform HBA: Built-in ? Automatic Failover (for HA & Planned Updates) Built-in pg_auto_failover Read Replicas Built-in ? Backups Built-in ? Connection Pooling Manual Setup ?
pg_auto_failover: Simple, automated failover
pg_auto_failover
Demo: Postgres HA using pg_auto_failover
Tuning Making The Most Of Your Database Server
work_mem tuning
Out Of Memory vs Operations Spill To Disk
Temporary Files Written pg_stat_statements.temp_blks_written pg_stat_database.temp_bytes
Temporary Files Written (Per Query) log_temp_files = 0 Jan 20
09:18:58pm PST 28847 LOG: temporary file: path "base/pgsql_ pgsql_tmp28847.9", size 50658332 Jan 20 09:18:58pm PST 28847 STATEMENT: WITH servers AS ( SELECT …
When Sorts Spill To Disk, Increase work_mem However, be aware
of OOMs!
When you get a lot of Out of Memory Errors
Reduce work_mem!
VACUUM
autovacuum => SELECT pid, query FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE query LIKE
'autovacuum: %'; 10469 | autovacuum: VACUUM ANALYZE public.schema_columns 12848 | autovacuum: VACUUM public.replication_follower_stats 28626 | autovacuum: VACUUM public.schema_index_stats | (to prevent wraparound) (3 rows) pg_stat_activity
autovacuum pg_stat_progress_vacuum relid: OID of the table phase: current VACUUM
phase heap_blks_total: Heap Blocks Total heap_blks_scanned: Heap Blocks Scanned heap_blks_vacuumed: Heap Blocks Vacuumed …
Reduce autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay To Increase VACUUM Speed 80 MB/s 8 MB/s
(20ms) (2ms) PG 12+ Older PG Default OS / Disk Reads
Use Table Partitioning For Append-Only + Delete Workloads (e.g. Timeseries)
Checkpoints
Data Directory WAL WAL WAL Buffer Cache Checkpointer WAL Checkpoints
Are Important For I/O Tuning
16688 LOG: checkpoint starting: xlog xlog = WAL exceeded max_wal_size,
checkpoint has to happen quickly time = checkpoint_timeout reached, checkpoint impact spread over time
Checkpoint Statistics pg_stat_bgwriter checkpoints_timed: # of scheduled checkpoints checkpoints_req: #
of requested checkpoints 1. Time Between Checkpoints 2. % of Timed Checkpoints
Increase max_wal_size / Reduce checkpoint_timeout To Have More Timed Checkpoints
(but be careful with recovery times)
Tune checkpoint_completion_target To Control I/O Impact of Timed Checkpoints (Often
0.9 is a good value, but depends on I/O Subsystem & Workload)
Demo: Postgres 13 WAL Monitoring
Sharding Scaling Beyond The Limits of a Single Server
Citus: Extension for Sharding Postgres
Select from table Coordinator Table metadata Select from table_1001 Select
from table_1003 Select from table_1002 Select from table_1004 Data node N Data node 2 Data node 1 Table_1001 Table_1003 Table_1002 Table_1004 Each node PostgreSQL with Citus installed 1 shard = 1 PostgreSQL table Sharding data across multiple nodes
Demo: Hyperscale (Citus) on Kubernetes with Azure Arc
Thank you!
[email protected]
@LukasFittl