gering-camws16-jsonld-shortIntro.pdf

JSON AND THE ARGONAUTS: A SHORT INTRODUCTION TO LINKED DATA

!  Emily Gering [email protected] !  University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill School of Information and Library Science !  CAMWS 2016 Annual Meeting at Williamsburg Eight Paper Session, Section G: Pedagogy: Introductory Courses

Linked Data is a method of using the Web to
create meaningful links between data from multiple sources. In the context of a website, these links can be the clickable links many Internet users are accustomed to seeing, but the links can also be “hidden” as encoded metadata that looks like normal text. Linked Data can also be stored outside of websites, in databases called triplestores. !  Linked Data is a method of using the Web to create meaningful links between data from multiple sources1 !  Links can be clickable !  or be “hidden” as encoded metadata that looks like normal text !  1Bizer, C, T. Heath, & T. Berners-Lee. (2009). "Linked Data—The Story So Far" (PDF). International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems 5 (3): 1–22. doi:10.4018/jswis.2009081901 LINKED DATA

LINKED DATA A Website About Jason A Website About Medea
Ἀρχόμενος σέο, Φοῖβε, παλαιγενέων κλέα φωτῶν μνήσομαι, οἳ Πόντοιο κατὰ στόμα καὶ διὰ πέτρας Κυανέας βασιλῆος ἐφημοσύνῃ Πελίαο χρύσειον μετὰ κῶας ἐύζυγον ἤλασαν Ἀργώ. Τοίην γὰρ Πελίης φάτιν ἔκλυεν, ὥς μιν ὀπίσσω μοῖρα μένει στυγερή, τοῦδ' ἀνέρος, ὅντιν' ἴδοιτο δημόθεν οἰοπέδιλον, ὑπ' ἐννεσίῃσι δαμῆναι. !  As an example, if we have a website about Jason and a website about Medea...

Ἀρχόμενος σέο, Φοῖβε, παλαιγενέων κλέα φωτῶν μνήσομαι, οἳ Πόντοιο κατὰ στόμα καὶ διὰ πέτρας Κυανέας βασιλῆος ἐφημοσύνῃ Πελίαο χρύσειον μετὰ κῶας ἐύζυγον ἤλασαν Ἀργώ. Τοίην γὰρ Πελίης φάτιν ἔκλυεν, ὥς μιν ὀπίσσω μοῖρα μένει στυγερή, τοῦδ' ἀνέρος, ὅντιν' ἴδοιτο δημόθεν οἰοπέδιλον, ὑπ' ἐννεσίῃσι δαμῆναι. Linked !  ... we can use Linked Data to encode a relationship such as...

Ἀρχόμενος σέο, Φοῖβε, παλαιγενέων κλέα φωτῶν μνήσομαι, οἳ Πόντοιο κατὰ στόμα καὶ διὰ πέτρας Κυανέας βασιλῆος ἐφημοσύνῃ Πελίαο χρύσειον μετὰ κῶας ἐύζυγον ἤλασαν Ἀργώ. Τοίην γὰρ Πελίης φάτιν ἔκλυεν, ὥς μιν ὀπίσσω μοῖρα μένει στυγερή, τοῦδ' ἀνέρος, ὅντιν' ἴδοιτο δημόθεν οἰοπέδιλον, ὑπ' ἐννεσίῃσι δαμῆναι. Linked <Jason> <knows> <Medea>

In a perfect world, the Internet would be a giant
web of Linked Data, with all relationships impeccably described with the most faithful adherence to all relevant standards—a concept referred to as the Semantic Web. IN A PERFECT WORLD...

In reality, what we have is more like this, where
each new piece of unlinked data published on the Web is like another piece of Apsyrtus being thrown into the sea. The pieces do have a relationship to each other, but without someone to put them together and describe the relationships between them, all of those pieces of information will continue to float around on the Internet, dismembered and disconnected. IN A PERFECT WORLD...

So how do we get from point A to point
B? The answer, my friends, is the magic of the Resource Description Framework... IN A PERFECT WORLD...

or RDF, for short. Continuing with Apsyrtus as our case
study, you can see in the data graph for Apsyrtus some examples of the relationships that can be encoded in RDF, e.g. <Apsyrtus><hasPart> <head>. There are many RDF formats that can be used to encode Linked Data, but the one used in the CADVCEVS project is the Linked Data specification for JavaScript Object Notation, also known as... RESOURCE DESCRIPTION FRAMEWORK

JSON-LD. But why Linked Data? What’s so great about it?
There are two things that Linked Data really excels at doing. JSON-LD !  JavaScript Object Notation – Linked Data

One is helping you find exactly what you’re looking for.
For example, say I’m Jason doing a Google search to find the Golden Fleece. I know exactly which golden fleece I want—it’s the one from the ram sired by Poseidon, to whom Phrixus sacrificed said ram after it saved him from his step- mother’s wrath. But when he gets his search results back, maybe he gets something like this: WHY LINKED DATA? !  Find exactly what you’re looking for

Where there are irrelevant results that the search algorithm picked
up because of the presence of text seemed relevant. When you have Linked Data and a Semantic Web, you can build searches that call upon relationships as a search criterion—for instance, search only for Golden Fleeces owned by Phrixus—which increases the precision of the search and relevance of the results. So instead of getting results about this tea company or that Golden Fleece rip-off mixed in with results about the actual Golden Fleece, Jason would just get results about the Golden Fleece he in particular is looking for. // SEARCH ENGINE RESULTS PAGE !  Golden Fleece Tea Company A result returned because of the company name named (Golden Fleece) !  Pyrite Fleece A result returned because pyrite is known as “Fool’s Gold” !  Golden Fleece – Mythology A relevant search result !  // more search results; some relevant, some not

The second thing Linked Data excels at doing is helping
you find new things by exploring relationships. When you explore those relationships, you have the possibility of finding new things, making new connections, and forming new ideas, which makes Linked Data well-suited for educational and research applications. WHY LINKED DATA? !  Explore relationships !  Find new things !  Make new connections !  Form new ideas

In addition, the exploration of datasets leads to familiarity with
the data, and with familiarity comes increased understanding and greater knowledge... WHY LINKED DATA? !  Explore relationships !  Find new things !  Make new connections !  Form new ideas !  Exploration of the data " Familiarity with data " Increased understanding & Greater knowledge

...all the more so because those relationships don’t have to
be inferred by the user from a text but are instead visualized in a very precise triple format, like <Jason><knows><Medea> or <Apsyrtus><hasPart> <head>. And I think it’s easy to see, when you look at a Linked Data graph like we have... WHY LINKED DATA? Linked Data (but use your library often, too)

...how this would be possible; even with a static graph
such as this, you can follow the arrows and see new and potentially interesting relationships... WHY LINKED DATA?

...such as the fact that some of the Argonauts also
fought at Troy. FROM JASON & THE ARGONAUTS TO THE CATALOGUE OF SHIPS

FURTHER READING !  http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/ !  The latest JSON-LD specification ! 
https://github.com/lawdi/LAWD !  Linked Ancient World Data ontology on GitHub !  https://snapdrgn.net/ !  Standards for Networking Ancient Prosopographies !  http://pelagios.org/ !  Semantic annotation of historical place references !  http://pleiades.stoa.org/ !  Gazetteer and graph of ancient places

gering-camws16-jsonld-shortIntro.pdf

gering-camws16-jsonld-shortIntro.pdf

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JSON AND THE ARGONAUTS: A SHORT INTRODUCTION TO LINKED DATA

!  Emily Gering [email protected] !  University of North Carolina at

Linked Data is a method of using the Web to

LINKED DATA A Website About Jason A Website About Medea

LINKED DATA A Website About Jason A Website About Medea

LINKED DATA A Website About Jason A Website About Medea

In a perfect world, the Internet would be a giant

In reality, what we have is more like this, where

So how do we get from point A to point

or RDF, for short. Continuing with Apsyrtus as our case

JSON-LD. But why Linked Data? What’s so great about it?

One is helping you find exactly what you’re looking for.

Where there are irrelevant results that the search algorithm picked

The second thing Linked Data excels at doing is helping

In addition, the exploration of datasets leads to familiarity with

...all the more so because those relationships don’t have to

...how this would be possible; even with a static graph

...such as the fact that some of the Argonauts also

FURTHER READING !  http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/ !  The latest JSON-LD specification !